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Vaughan M, García-Porta N, Tabernero J, Gantes-Nuñez J, Artal P, Pardhan S. Ocular effects of exposure to low-humidity environment with contact lens wear: A pilot study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:718-726. [PMID: 38551074 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the ocular effects of exposure to a low-humidity environment with and without contact lens (CL) wear using various non-invasive tests. METHODS Fourteen habitual soft CL wearers were exposed to controlled low humidity (5% relative humidity [RH]) in an environmental chamber for 90 min on two separate occasions. First, when wearing their habitual spectacles and then, on a separate visit, when wearing silicone hydrogel CLs that were fitted specifically for this purpose. All participants had adapted to the new CL prior to data collection. Three non-invasive objective measurements were taken at each visit: blinking rate, objective ocular scatter (measured using the objective scatter index) and ocular surface cooling rate (measured using a long-wave infrared thermal camera). At each visit, measurements were taken before the exposure in comfortable environmental conditions (RH: 45%), and after exposure to environmental stress (low humidity, RH: 5%). RESULTS CL wearers showed increased blinking rate (p < 0.005) and ocular scatter (p = 0.03) but similar cooling rate of the ocular surface (p = 0.08) when compared with spectacle wear in comfortable environmental conditions. The exposure to low humidity increased the blinking rate significantly with both types of corrections (p = 0.01). Interestingly, ocular scatter (p = 0.96) and cooling rate (p = 0.73) were not significantly different before and after exposure to low humidity. There were no significant two-way interactions between correction and exposure in any of the measurements. CONCLUSIONS CLs significantly increased the blinking rate, which prevented a quick degradation of the tear film integrity as it was refreshed more regularly. It is hypothesised that the increased blinking rate in CL wearers aids in maintaining ocular scatter quality and cooling rate when exposed to a low-humidity environment. These results highlight the importance of blinking in maintaining tear film stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Vaughan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nery García-Porta
- Applied Physics Department, Optics and Optometry Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
- Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Juan Tabernero
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electromagnetism and Electronics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Artal
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Campus Espinardo, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Huang H, Yan J, Li B, Huang M, Guo S, Fan A, Liu W. Tear Film Stability Affects Visual Acuity After Implantations of Monofocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses: An Evaluation by Objective Scatter Index. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:15. [PMID: 37847201 PMCID: PMC10584023 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.10.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the impact of tear film on postoperative visual acuity after cataract surgery to implant an intraocular lens (IOL). Methods Tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer I test, objective scatter index (OSI), and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), intermediate visual acuity (UCIVA), and near visual acuity (UCNVA) were collected 6 months after cataract surgery. Results Fifteen eyes with monofocal (Mo-) IOLs and 15 eyes with multifocal (Mu-) IOLs from 30 subjects were included. The Mu-IOL group exhibited higher baseline OSI (1.92 ± 0.69, P < 0.001). Negative correlations-both groups: tear film-related OSI (TF-OSI) and TBUT/Schirmer I test; Mo-IOL: TBUT and logMAR UCDVA-and positive correlations-both groups: TF-OSI and baseline OSI, baseline OSI/TF-OSI and logMAR UCDVA; Mu-IOL: baseline OSI/TF-OSI and logMAR UCIVA/UCNVA-were found. Linear regression showed associations between TF-OSI and TBUT (Mo-IOL: R2 = 0.455, P = 0.006; Mu-IOL: R2 = 0.454, P = 0.006)/Schirmer I test (Mo-IOL: R2 = 0.527, P = 0.002; Mu-IOL: R2 = 0.266, P = 0.049). Multiple regression showed associations between baseline OSI (Mo-IOL: R2 = 0.309, P = 0.032; Mu-IOL: R2 = 0.305, P = 0.033)/TF-OSI (Mo-IOL: R2 = 0.332, P = 0.025; Mu-IOL: R2 = 0.523, P = 0.002)/TBUT (Mo-IOL only: R2 = 0.315, P = 0.029) and logMAR UCDVA. Conclusions TF-OSI reflects the UCDVA performance in eyes with IOLs and facilitates a better understanding of the effects of the tear film. Translational Relevance TF-OSI offers a developmental and objective approach to assessing the changing visual performance caused by tear film after cataract surgery and IOL implantation in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mansha Huang
- Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuanglin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aifang Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
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Pan AP, Ma Y, Hu R, Cao X, Wu Y, Zhou K, Tu R, Shao X, Chen S, Yu AY. Simultaneous real-time analysis of tear film optical quality dynamics and functional visual acuity in dry eye disease. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 37005660 PMCID: PMC10068140 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-023-00333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the effect of tear film instability in dry eye disease (DED) by measuring visual performance and tear film optical quality in a simultaneous real-time analysis system. METHODS Thirty-seven DED participants and 20 normal controls were recruited. A simultaneous real-time analysis system was developed by adding a functional visual acuity (FVA) channel to a double-pass system. Repeated measurements of FVA and objective scatter index (OSI) were performed simultaneously with this system under blink suppression condition for 20 s. Patient-reported symptoms was evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Mean FVA, mean OSI, and visual acuity break-up time were defined. The OSI maintenance ratio was calculated as an evaluation index to assess the difference between dynamic OSI changes and baseline OSI. The visual maintenance ratio was also calculated in the same way. RESULTS Moderate correlations were noted between mean OSI and FVA-related parameters (mean FVA, visual maintenance ratio, visual acuity break-up time: 0.53, - 0.56, - 0.53, respectively, P < 0.01 for all). Moderate to high correlations were noted between OSI maintenance ratio and FVA-related parameters (mean FVA, visual maintenance ratio, visual acuity break-up time: - 0.62, 0.71, 0.64, respectively, all P < 0.01). The metrics derived from the simultaneous real-time analysis system were moderately correlated with the patient-reported symptoms and the visual acuity break-up time possessed the highest correlation coefficients with OSDI total, ocular symptoms, and vision-related function (- 0.64, - 0.63, - 0.62, respectively, P < 0.01). The OSI-maintenance ratio alone appeared to exhibit the best performance of the metrics for the detection of DED with sensitivity of 95.0% and specificity of 83.8% and the combinations of FVA parameters and OSI parameters were valid and can further improve the discriminating abilities. CONCLUSIONS OSI-related metrics were found to be potential indicators for assessing and diagnosing DED which correlated with both subjective visual performance and patient-reported symptoms; the FVA-related metrics were quantifiable indicators for evaluating visual acuity decline in DED. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100051650. Registered 29 September 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=134612.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Peng Pan
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjing Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruilin Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifen Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaijing Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruixue Tu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Shao
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - A-Yong Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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Sapkota K, Franco S, Lira M. Reply to letter to the editor by London and Erdinest on "Contrast sensitivity function with soft contact lens wear". JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2021; 14:356. [PMID: 32883646 PMCID: PMC8570954 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Sapkota
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Franco
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Madalena Lira
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Tabernero J, Garcia-Porta N, Artal P, Pardhan S. Intraocular Scattering, Blinking Rate, and Tear Film Osmolarity After Exposure to Environmental Stress. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:12. [PMID: 34379094 PMCID: PMC8362624 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.9.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dry environments, such as those in offices or aircraft cabins, can potentially generate ocular discomfort and alter the tear film. We compare light scatter, blinking rate, and tear osmolarity in young and older subjects after exposure to low humidity using a controlled environmental chamber. Methods Two groups of healthy subjects were recruited; younger (N = 13, 27 ± 6 years) and older (N = 23, 71 ± 7 years). Measurements were carried out before and after 90-minute exposure to low relative humidity (5%) and constant temperature (23 degrees). Ocular light scatter was measured using a double-pass instrument (OQAS, Visiometrics, Spain). Blinking rate was monitored using an infrared video camera. Tear osmolarity was measured using the TearLab system (Escondido, CA, USA). Results Ocular light scatter increased by a factor of 10% after exposure to low humidity in the older group (P = 0.03) but did not change significantly in the younger group. Blinking rate increased significantly (40% more blinks) in both groups but there was no difference between the groups. No significant differences in osmolarity were shown between two age groups or as result of environmental stress. Conclusions Exposure to dry environment increased light scatter in older subjects. Although more blinks were triggered in both younger and older groups to prevent corneal dehydration, there was no difference between the groups. Blink rate and osmolarity are not associated with the difference in light scatter. Translational Relevance Our work approaches a clinical care problem using basic research methods (measuring ocular scatter and blink ratio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tabernero
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.,Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Electrónica, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
| | - Nery Garcia-Porta
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.,Vision and Hearing Sciences Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Artal
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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