1
|
Li J, Li K, Zhang X, Popmintchev D, Xu H, Wang Y, Li R, Zhang G, Tang J, Niu J, Ma Y, Meng R, Ke C, Qiu J, Ma Y, Popmintchev T, Fan Z. Highly efficient and aberration-free off-plane grating spectrometer and monochromator for EUV-soft X-ray applications. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:12. [PMID: 38185683 PMCID: PMC10772113 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel flat-field, dual-optic imaging EUV-soft X-ray spectrometer and monochromator that attains an unprecedented throughput efficiency exceeding 60% by design, along with a superb spectral resolution of λ/Δλ > 200 accomplished without employing variable line spacing gratings. Exploiting the benefits of the conical diffraction geometry, the optical system is globally optimized in multidimensional parameter space to guarantee optimal imaging performance over a broad spectral range while maintaining circular and elliptical polarization states at the first, second, and third diffraction orders. Moreover, our analysis indicates minimal temporal dispersion, with pulse broadening confined within 80 fs tail-to-tail and an FWHM value of 29 fs, which enables ultrafast spectroscopic and pump-probe studies with femtosecond accuracy. Furthermore, the spectrometer can be effortlessly transformed into a monochromator spanning the EUV-soft X-ray spectral region using a single grating with an aberration-free spatial profile. Such capability allows coherent diffractive imaging applications to be conducted with highly monochromatic light in a broad spectral range and extended to the soft X-ray region with minimal photon loss, thus facilitating state-of-the-art imaging of intricate nano- and bio-systems, with a significantly enhanced spatiotemporal resolution, down to the nanometer-femtosecond level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kui Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | | | - Hao Xu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ruixuan Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangyin Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiyue Tang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin Niu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjun Ma
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Runyu Meng
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650011, China
| | - Changjun Ke
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jisi Qiu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tenio Popmintchev
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Vienna, A-1040, Austria.
- University of California, Physics Department, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Zhongwei Fan
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lucchini M, Lucarelli GD, Murari M, Trabattoni A, Fabris N, Frassetto F, De Silvestri S, Poletto L, Nisoli M. Few-femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses fully reconstructed by a ptychographic technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:6771-6784. [PMID: 29609365 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.006771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sub-10-fs pulses tunable in the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region are particularly important in many research fields: from atomic and molecular spectroscopy to the study of relaxation processes in solids and transition phase processes, from holography to free-electron laser injection. A crucial prerequisite for all applications is the accurate measurement of the temporal characteristics of these pulses. To fulfill this purpose, many phase retrieval algorithms have been successfully applied to reconstruct XUV attosecond pulses. Nevertheless, their extension to XUV femtosecond pulses is not trivial and has never been investigated/reported so far. We demonstrate that ultrashort XUV pulses, produced by high-order harmonic generation, spectrally filtered by a time-delay compensated monochromator, can be fully characterized, in terms of temporal intensity and phase, by employing the ptychographic reconstruction technique while other common reconstruction algorithms fail. This allows us to report on the generation and complete temporal characterization of XUV pulses with duration down to 5 fs, which constitute the shortest XUV pulse ever achieved via a time-delay compensated monochromator.
Collapse
|
4
|
Poletto L, Frassetto F, Brenner G, Kuhlmann M, Plönjes E. Double-grating monochromatic beamline with ultrafast response for FLASH2 at DESY. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:131-137. [PMID: 29271762 PMCID: PMC5741129 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517013777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The preliminary design of a monochromatic beamline for FLASH2 at DESY is presented. The monochromator is tunable in the 50-1000 eV energy range with resolving power higher than 1000 and temporal response below 50 fs over the whole energy range. A time-delay-compensated configuration using the variable-line-spacing monochromator design with two gratings is adopted: the first grating disperses the radiation on its output plane, where the intermediate slit performs the spectral selection; the second grating compensates for the pulse-front tilt and for the spectral dispersion due to diffraction from the first grating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Poletto
- National Research Council – Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Via Trasea 7, Padova 35136, Italy
| | - Fabio Frassetto
- National Research Council – Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Via Trasea 7, Padova 35136, Italy
| | - Günter Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron – DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron – DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | - Elke Plönjes
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron – DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nisoli M, Decleva P, Calegari F, Palacios A, Martín F. Attosecond Electron Dynamics in Molecules. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10760-10825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nisoli
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Trieste and IOM- CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Calegari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Palacios
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hatayama M, Ichimaru S, Ohcni T, Takahashi EJ, Midorikawa K, Oku S. Wide-range narrowband multilayer mirror for selecting a single-order harmonic in the photon energy range of 40-70 eV. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:14546-14551. [PMID: 27410607 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.014546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An experimental demonstration of a wide-range narrowband multilayer mirror for selecting a single-order high-harmonic (HH) beam from multiple-order harmonics in the photon energy range between 40 eV and 70 eV was carried out. This extreme ultraviolet (XUV) mirror, based on a pair of Zr and Al0.7Si0.3 multilayers, has a reflectivity of 20-35% and contrast of more than 7 with respect to neighboring HHs at angles of incidence from 10 to 56.9 degrees, assuming HHs pumped at 1.55 eV. Thus, specific single-order harmonic beams can be arbitrarily selected from multiple-order harmonics in this photo energy range. In addition, the dispersion for input pulses of the order of 1 fs is negligible. This simple-to-align optical component is useful for the many various applications in physics, chemistry and biology that use ultrafast monochromatic HH beams.
Collapse
|
10
|
Igarashi H, Makida A, Ito M, Sekikawa T. Pulse compression of phase-matched high harmonic pulses from a time-delay compensated monochromator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3725-3732. [PMID: 22418130 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Single 32.6 eV high harmonic pulses from a time-delay compensated monochromator were compressed down to 11 ± 3 fs by completely compensating for the pulse-front tilt. The photon flux was intensified up to 5.7×10(9) photons/s on target by implementing high harmonic generation under a phase matching condition in a hollow fiber used for increasing the interaction length. The output photon flux on target from the monochromator was comparable to that from a small synchrotron facility, while the pulse duration was more than three orders of magnitude shorter. This high harmonic beam line fulfills two requirements for time-resolved spectroscopy in extreme ultraviolet region, namely, ultrashort pulses and high photon flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Igarashi
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Poletto L, Villoresi P, Frassetto F, Calegari F, Ferrari F, Lucchini M, Sansone G, Nisoli M. Time-delay compensated monochromator for the spectral selection of extreme-ultraviolet high-order laser harmonics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:123109. [PMID: 20059133 DOI: 10.1063/1.3273964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The design and the characterization of a monochromator for the spectral selection of ultrashort high-order laser harmonics in the extreme ultraviolet are presented. The instrument adopts the double-grating configuration to preserve the length of the optical paths of different diffracted rays, without altering the extremely short duration of the pulse. The gratings are used in the off-plane mount to have high efficiency. The performances of the monochromator have been characterized in terms of spectral response, efficiency, photon flux, imaging properties, and temporal response. In particular, the temporal characterization of the harmonic pulses has been obtained using a cross-correlation method: Pulses as short as 8 fs have been measured at the output of the monochromators, confirming the effectiveness of the time-delay compensated configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Poletto
- Laboratory for UV and X-Ray Optical Research, CNR-INFM and Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|