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Rasmussen TP, Echarri ÁR, Cox JD, de Abajo FJG. Generation of entangled waveguided photon pairs by free electrons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6312. [PMID: 38517969 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Entangled photons are a key resource in quantum technologies. While intense laser light propagating in nonlinear crystals is conventionally used to generate entangled photons, such schemes have low efficiency due to the weak nonlinear response of known materials and losses associated with in/out photon coupling. Here, we show how to generate entangled polariton pairs directly within optical waveguides using free electrons. The measured energy loss of undeflected electrons heralds the production of counter-propagating polariton pairs entangled in energy and emission direction. For illustration, we study the excitation of plasmon polaritons in metal strip waveguides that strongly enhance light-matter interactions, rendering two-plasmon generation dominant over single-plasmon excitation. We demonstrate that electron energy losses detected within optimal frequency ranges can reliably signal the generation of plasmon pairs entangled in energy and momentum. Our proposed scheme is directly applicable to other types of optical waveguides for in situ generation of entangled photon pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theis P Rasmussen
- POLIMA-Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez Echarri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Max-Born-Institut, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joel D Cox
- POLIMA-Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Mahani FF, Mokhtari A, Berini P. Plasmonic Biosensor on the End-Facet of a Dual-Core Single-Mode Optical Fiber. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050558. [PMID: 37232919 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors target widespread applications, such as drug discovery, medical diagnostics, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. Here, we propose a novel plasmonic biosensor on the end-facet of a dual-core single-mode optical fiber. The concept uses slanted metal gratings on each core, interconnected by a metal stripe biosensing waveguide to couple the cores via the propagation of surface plasmons along the end facet. The scheme enables operation in transmission (core-to-core), thereby eliminating the need to separate the reflected light from the incident light. Importantly, this simplifies and reduces the cost of the interrogation setup because a broadband polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler or circulator is not required. The proposed biosensor enables remote sensing because the interrogation optoelectronics can be located remotely. In vivo biosensing and brain studies are also enabled because the end-facet can be inserted into a living body, once properly packaged. It can also be dipped into a vial, precluding the need for microfluidic channels or pumps. Bulk sensitivities of 880 nm/RIU and surface sensitivities of 1 nm/nm are predicted under spectral interrogation using cross-correlation analysis. The configuration is embodied by robust and experimentally realizable designs that can be fabricated, e.g., using metal evaporation and focused ion beam milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fouladi Mahani
- Optical and RF Communication Systems (ORCS) Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616913439, Iran
| | - Arash Mokhtari
- Optical and RF Communication Systems (ORCS) Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616913439, Iran
| | - Pierre Berini
- Department of Physics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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3
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Plasmonic phenomena in molecular junctions: principles and applications. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:681-704. [PMID: 37117494 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecular junctions are building blocks for constructing future nanoelectronic devices that enable the investigation of a broad range of electronic transport properties within nanoscale regions. Crossing both the nanoscopic and mesoscopic length scales, plasmonics lies at the intersection of the macroscopic photonics and nanoelectronics, owing to their capability of confining light to dimensions far below the diffraction limit. Research activities on plasmonic phenomena in molecular electronics started around 2010, and feedback between plasmons and molecular junctions has increased over the past years. These efforts can provide new insights into the near-field interaction and the corresponding tunability in properties, as well as resultant plasmon-based molecular devices. This Review presents the latest advancements of plasmonic resonances in molecular junctions and details the progress in plasmon excitation and plasmon coupling. We also highlight emerging experimental approaches to unravel the mechanisms behind the various types of light-matter interactions at molecular length scales, where quantum effects come into play. Finally, we discuss the potential of these plasmonic-electronic hybrid systems across various future applications, including sensing, photocatalysis, molecular trapping and active control of molecular switches.
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Natarajan A, Demésy G, Renversez G. Complete design of a fully integrated graphene-based compact plasmon coupler for the mid-infrared. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2004-2007. [PMID: 35427322 DOI: 10.1364/ol.441681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A fully integrated waveguide-based, efficient surface plasmon coupler composed of a realistic non-tapered dielectric waveguide with graphene patches and sheet is designed and optimized for the infrared. The coupling efficiency can reach nearly 80% for a coupler as short as 700 nm for an operating wavelength of 12 μm. This work is carried out using rigorous numerical models based on the finite element method taking into account 2D materials as surface conductivities. The key numerical results are supported by physical arguments based on modal approach or resonance condition.
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5
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Faramarzi V, Ahmadi V, Hwang MT, Snapp P. Highly sensitive crumpled 2D material-based plasmonic biosensors. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4544-4559. [PMID: 34457431 PMCID: PMC8367231 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose surface plasmon resonance biosensors based on crumpled graphene and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) flakes supported on stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or silicon substrates. Accumulation of specific biomarkers resulting in measurable shifts in the resonance wavelength of the plasmon modes of two-dimensional (2D) material structures, with crumpled structures demonstrating large refractive index shifts. Using theoretical calculations based on the semiclassical Drude model, combined with the finite element method, we demonstrate that the interaction between the surface plasmons of crumpled graphene/MoS2 layers and the surrounding analyte results in high sensitivity to biomarker driven refractive index shifts, up to 7499 nm/RIU for structures supported on silicon substrates. We can achieve a high figure of merit (FOM), defined as the ratio of the refractive index sensitivity to the full width at half maximum of the resonant peak, of approximately 62.5 RIU-1. Furthermore, the sensing properties of the device can be tuned by varying crumple period and aspect ratio through simple stretching and integrating material interlayers. By stacking multiple 2D materials in heterostructures supported on the PDMS layer, we produced hybrid plasmon resonances detuned from the PDMS absorbance region allowing higher sensitivity and FOM compared to pure crumpled graphene structures on the PDMS substrates. The high sensitivity and broad mechanical tunability of these crumpled 2D material biosensors considerable advantages over traditional refractive index sensors, providing a new platform for ultrasensitive biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Faramarzi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-194, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-194, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael T. Hwang
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Snapp
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Broadband Plasmonic Polarization Filter Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber with Dual-Ring Gold Layer. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050470. [PMID: 32365684 PMCID: PMC7281327 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polarization filter is a very important optical device with extinction characteristics. Due to the design flexibility of photonic crystal fibers and the high excitation losses of the gold layer, the polarization filter based on the photonic crystal fiber and surface plasmonic resonance effect is widely studied. Considering these, we present a simple and high-performance polarization filter using the finite element method. Numerical simulations show that there is a large difference in energy between the two polarization directions by reasonable adjustment of the structural parameters, the confinement loss in the x-pol direction is less than that in the y-pol direction, which is suitable to realize a broadband polarization filter. When the fiber length is 2 mm, the extinction ratio peak can reach −478 dB, and the bandwidth with the extinction ratio better than −20 dB is 750 nm, which covers communication wavelengths of 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm (1.05–1.8 μm). It also has a low insertion loss of 0.11 dB at 1.31 μm and 0.04 dB at 1.55 μm. In addition, our design has high feasibility in fabrication and better tolerance. The proposed filter with compactness, high extinction ratio, broad bandwidth, and low insertion loss would play an important role in the sensing detection, bio-medical, and telecommunication field.
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Cao S, Achlan M, Bryche JF, Gogol P, Dujardin G, Raşeev G, Le Moal E, Boer-Duchemin E. An electrically induced probe of the modes of a plasmonic multilayer stack. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:33011-33026. [PMID: 31878376 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.033011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new single-image acquisition technique for the determination of the dispersion relation of the propagating modes of a plasmonic multilayer stack is introduced. This technique is based on an electrically-driven, spectrally broad excitation source which is nanoscale in size: the inelastic electron tunnel current between the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the sample. The resulting light from the excited modes of the system is collected in transmission using a microscope objective. The energy-momentum dispersion relation of the excited optical modes is then determined from the angle-resolved optical spectrum of the collected light. Experimental and theoretical results are obtained for metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stacks consisting of a silicon oxide layer (70, 190 or 310 nm thick) between two gold films (each with a thickness of 30 nm). The broadband characterization of hybrid plasmonic-photonic transverse magnetic (TM) modes involved in an avoided crossing is demonstrated and the advantages of this new technique over optical reflectivity measurements are evaluated.
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8
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Zhong C, Flanigan P, Abadía N, Bello F, Jennings BD, Atcheson G, Li J, Zheng JY, Wang JJ, Hobbs R, McCloskey D, Donegan JF. Effective heat dissipation in an adiabatic near-field transducer for HAMR. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:18842-18854. [PMID: 30114145 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To achieve a feasible heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) system, a near-field transducer (NFT) is necessary to strongly focus the optical field to a lateral region measuring tens of nanometres in size. An NFT must deliver sufficient power to the recording medium as well as maintain its structural integrity. The self-heating problem in the NFT causes materials failure that leads to the degradation of the hard disk drive performance. The literature reports NFT structures with physical sizes well below 1 micron which were found to be thermo-mechanically unstable at an elevated temperature. In this paper, we demonstrate an adiabatic NFT to address the central challenge of thermal engineering for a HAMR system. The NFT is formed by an isosceles triangular gold taper plasmonic waveguide with a length of 6 µm and a height of 50 nm. Our study shows that in the full optically and thermally optimized system, the NFT efficiently extracts the incident light from the waveguide core and can improve the shape of the heating source profile for data recording. The most important insight of the thermal performance is that the recording medium can be heated up to 866 K with an input power of 8.5 mW which is above the Curie temperature of the FePt film while maintaining the temperature in the NFT at 390 K without a heat spreader. A very good thermal efficiency of 5.91 is achieved also. The proposed structure is easily fabricated and can potentially reduce the NFT deformation at a high recording temperature making it suitable for practical HAMR application.
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Abadía N, Bello F, Zhong C, Flanigan P, McCloskey DM, Wolf C, Krichevsky A, Wolf D, Zong F, Samani A, Plant DV, Donegan JF. Optical and thermal analysis of the light-heat conversion process employing an antenna-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide for HAMR. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:1752-1765. [PMID: 29402045 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.001752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a tapered, hybrid plasmonic waveguide which has previously been proposed as an optically efficient near-field transducer (NFT), or component thereof, in several devices which aim to exploit nanofocused light. We numerically analyze how light is transported through the waveguide and ultimately focused via effective-mode coupling and taper optimization. Crucial dimensional parameters in this optimization process are identified that are not only necessary to achieve maximum optical throughput, but also optimum thermal performance with specific application towards heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). It is shown that existing devices constructed on similar waveguides may benefit from a heat spreader to avoid deformation of the plasmonic element which we achieve with no cost to the optical efficiency. For HAMR, our design is able to surpass many industry requirements in regard to both optical and thermal efficiency using pertinent figure of merits like 8.5% optical efficiency.
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10
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An G, Li S, Yan X, Yuan Z, Zhang X. High-birefringence photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:1262-1266. [PMID: 26906577 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.001262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we designed a C2v-symmetry-structured photonic crystal fiber with triangular lattice and Au-filled air holes. The finite element method is used to analyze the dispersion and confinement loss characteristics of the core mode and the surface plasmon mode of the metal wire. In this work, we found that the positions of resonance peaks and the resonance strength of core mode and surface plasmon mode can be well adjusted by changing the pitch between the cladding air holes and the diameters of the air holes or metal wires around the core. By optimizing the parameters of the fiber structure, a polarization filter at the communication band is designed. At the wavelength of 1.31 μm, which is located in the communication band, the fundamental mode in X pol can be filtered with the diameter of the metal wire d(m)=1.2 μm. When d(m)=1.4 μm, the fundamental mode in Y pol can be filtered at the wavelength of 1.55 μm, which is also located in the communication band. Compared with the ordinary single-polarization and single-mode photonic crystal fiber, the fiber we proposed in this paper can selectively filter out the polarized light in one direction by adjusting the wire diameter. It is meaningful for the development of the polarization filter in the communication band.
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Otupiri R, Akowuah EK, Haxha S. Multi-channel SPR biosensor based on PCF for multi-analyte sensing applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:15716-15727. [PMID: 26193550 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.015716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical investigation of a novel holey fiber (Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF)) multi-channel biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The large gold coated micro fluidic channels and elliptical air hole design of our proposed biosensor aided by a high refractive index over layer in two channels enables operation in two modes; multi analyte sensing and self-referencing mode. Loss spectra, dispersion and detection capability of our proposed biosensor for the two fundamental modes (HE(11)(x) and HE(11)(y)) have been elucidated using a Finite Element Method (FEM) and Perfectly Matching Layers (PML).
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12
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Li Y, Zhang H, Mei T, Zhu N, Zhang DH, Teng J. Effect of dielectric cladding on active plasmonic device based on InGaAsP multiple quantum wells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:25599-25607. [PMID: 25401593 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.025599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) planar waveguide with amorphous silicon (α-Si) cladding is studied, for empowering the device modulation response. The device is fabricated with multiple quantum wells (MQWs) as the gain media electrically pumped for compensating SPP propagation loss on Au film waveguide. The SPP propagation greatly benefits from the modal gain for the long-range hybrid mode, which is optimized by adopting an α-Si cladding layer accompanied with minimal degradation of mode confinement. The proposed structure presented more sensitive response to electrical manipulation than the one without cladding in experiment.
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13
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Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P, Hillenbrand R. Efficient coupling of light to graphene plasmons by compressing surface polaritons with tapered bulk materials. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2896-2901. [PMID: 24773123 DOI: 10.1021/nl500943r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene plasmons promise exciting nanophotonic and optoelectronic applications. Owing to their extremely short wavelengths, however, the efficient coupling of photons to propagating graphene plasmons-critical for the development of future devices-can be challenging. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate coupling between infrared photons and graphene plasmons by the compression of surface polaritons on tapered bulk slabs of both polar and doped semiconductor materials. Propagation of surface phonon polaritons (in SiC) and surface plasmon polaritons (in n-GaAs) along the tapered slabs compresses the polariton wavelengths from several micrometers to around 200 nm, which perfectly matches the wavelengths of graphene plasmons. The proposed coupling device allows for a 25% conversion of the incident energy into graphene plasmons and, therefore, could become an efficient route toward graphene plasmon circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Nikitin
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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14
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Word RC, Fitzgerald JPS, Könenkamp R. Direct coupling of photonic modes and surface plasmon polaritons observed in 2-photon PEEM. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:30507-30520. [PMID: 24514628 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct microscopic observation of optical energy transfer from guided photonic modes in an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film to surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) at the surfaces of a single crystalline gold platelet. The photonic and SPP modes appear as an interference pattern in the photoelectron emission yield across the surface of the specimen. We explore the momentum match between the photonic and SPP modes in terms of simple waveguide theory and the three-layer slab model for bound SPP modes of thin metal films. We show that because the gold is thin (30-40 nm), two SPP modes exist and that momentum of the spatially confined asymmetric field mode coincides with the dominant mode of the ITO waveguide. The results demonstrate that photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) can be an important tool for the observation of photonic to SPP interactions in the study of integrated photonic circuits.
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15
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Davies PMZ, Hamm JM, Sonnefraud Y, Maier SA, Hess O. Plasmonic nanogap tilings: light-concentrating surfaces for low-loss photonic integration. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7093-7100. [PMID: 23826806 DOI: 10.1021/nn402432m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their ability to concentrate light on nanometer scales, plasmonic surface structures are ideally suited for on-chip functionalization with nonlinear or gain materials. However, achieving a high effective quantum yield across a surface requires not only strong light localization but also control over losses. Here, we report on a particular class of tunable low-loss metasurfaces featuring dense arrangements of nanometer-sized focal points on a photonic chip with an underlying waveguide channel. Guided within the plane, the photonic wave evanescently couples to the nanogaps, concentrating light in a lattice of hot-spots. In studying the energy transfer between photonic and plasmonic channels of single trimer molecules and triangular nanogap tilings in dependence on element size, we identify different regimes of operation. We show that the product of field enhancement, propagation length, and element size is close to constant in both the radiative and subwavelength regimes, opening pathways for device designs that combine high-field enhancements with large propagation lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Z Davies
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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16
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Costantini D, Greusard L, Bousseksou A, Rungsawang R, Zhang TP, Callard S, Decobert J, Lelarge F, Duan GH, De Wilde Y, Colombelli R. In situ generation of surface plasmon polaritons using a near-infrared laser diode. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:4693-4697. [PMID: 22924784 DOI: 10.1021/nl302040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a semiconductor laser-based approach which enables plasmonic active devices in the telecom wavelength range. We show that optimized laser structures based on tensile-strained InGaAlAs quantum wells-coupled to integrated metallic patternings-enable surface plasmon generation in an electrically driven compact device. Experimental evidence of surface plasmon generation is obtained with the slit-doublet experiment in the near-field, using near-field scanning optical microscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Costantini
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS UMR8622, 91405 Orsay, France
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Tetienne JP, Bousseksou A, Costantini D, De Wilde Y, Colombelli R. Design of an integrated coupler for the electrical generation of surface plasmon polaritons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:18155-18163. [PMID: 21935181 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.018155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) source based on an electrically operated semiconductor laser has been demonstrated. Here we present a numerical investigation of the light-SPP coupling process involved in the device. The problem consists in the coupling via a diffraction grating between a dielectric waveguide mode--the laser mode--and a SPP mode. The issue of the coupling efficiency is discussed, and the dependence on various geometrical parameters of both the grating and the dielectric waveguide is studied in detail. A maximum coupling efficiency of ≈24% is obtained at telecom wavelengths, which could lead to a high-power integrated SPP source when combined to a laser medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Tetienne
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris Sud and CNRS, UMR8622, Orsay, France
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18
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Takeuchi K, Yamamoto N. Visualization of surface plasmon polariton waves in two-dimensional plasmonic crystal by cathodoluminescence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:12365-12374. [PMID: 21716474 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.012365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A cathodoluminescence technique using a 200-keV transmission electron microscope revealed the dispersion patterns of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a two-dimensional plasmonic crystal with cylindrical hole arrays. The dispersion curves of the SPP modes involving the Γ point were derived from the angle-resolved spectrum patterns. The contrast along the dispersion curves changed with the polarization direction of the emitted light due to the property of the SPP modes. The SPP modes at the Γ point were identified from the photon maps, which mimicked standing SPP waves in a real space. The beam-scan spectral images across the plasmonic crystal edge clearly demonstrated the dependence of the SPP to light conversion efficiency on the emission angle and polarization of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takeuchi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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19
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Yu X, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ho HP, Shum P, Liu H, Liu D. An efficient approach for investigating surface plasmon resonance in asymmetric optical fibers based on birefringence analysis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:17950-17957. [PMID: 20721181 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have analytically investigated the polarization dependence of surface plasmon resonance in fiber structures having strong asymmetry. From our simulation experiments it is found that the resonance wavelength coincides with the zero-birefringence point of two degenerate modes, consequently demonstrating a new approach through which one can accurately locate the resonance peak of the system without having to analyze the loss spectrum. Results obtained using the new technique also reveal better performance in terms of accuracy and computation efficiency. Application of this approach in the analysis of refractive index and pressure sensors based on the single core D-shaped and symmetric multiple air-hole fibers respectively is presented as a demonstration. The proposed technique, which primarily involves the search of zero-birefringence point, may be generalized for the study of other plasmonic waveguide structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore.
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20
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Zhou W, Gao H, Odom TW. Toward broadband plasmonics: tuning dispersion in rhombic plasmonic crystals. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1241-1247. [PMID: 20078118 DOI: 10.1021/nn901590p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The angle-dependent optical properties of rhombic plasmonic crystals are described. We show that by extending the capabilities of soft interference lithography, subwavelength periodic patterns with arbitrary 2D Bravais lattices can be generated. In addition, we demonstrate that by lowering the plasmonic crystal lattice symmetry, degenerate conditions can be lifted and more plasmon bands can be excited within a fixed wavelength range. Degeneracies were also removed by changing the polar and azimuthal angles of excitation and visualized in dispersion diagrams. Anticrossings between different plasmon bands were observed to depend significantly on the local refractive index and the excitation direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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Jiang YW, Wu YT, Tsai MW, Chang PE, Tzuang DC, Ye YH, Lee SC. Characteristics of a waveguide mode in a trilayer Ag/SiO(2)/Au plasmonic thermal emitter. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:3089-3091. [PMID: 19838235 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A suitably designed trilayer Ag/SiO(2)/Au thermal emitter can be used as the narrow bandwidth infrared light source. The thermal radiation generated in the SiO(2) layer resonates between the two metal films and results in not only the Ag/SiO(2) surface plasmon polaritons but also the waveguide mode (WM) in the Ag/SiO(2)/Au structure owing to the thick SiO(2) layer. This study investigated the influence of dielectric thickness on energy dispersion relations and derived the theoretical dispersion relation, which fit well with experimental results. This WM light source can be applied in the area of gas sensing and probing the response of the animal cells and plants to infrared radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University,Taipei, Taiwan, China
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Bousseksou A, Colombelli R, Babuty A, De Wilde Y, Chassagneux Y, Sirtori C, Patriarche G, Beaudoin G, Sagnes I. A semiconductor laser device for the generation of surface-plasmons upon electrical injection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:9391-9400. [PMID: 19466191 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.009391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves originating from electrons and light oscillations at metallic surfaces. Since freely propagating light cannot be coupled directly into surface-plasmon modes, a compact, semiconductor electrical device capable of generating SPs on the device top metallic surface would represent an advantage: not only SP manipulation would become easier, but Au-metalized surfaces can be easily functionalized for applications. Here, we report a demonstration of such a device. The direct proof of surface-plasmon generation is obtained with apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy, which detects the presence of an intense, evanescent electric field above the device metallic surface upon electrical injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bousseksou
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, UMR8622, 91405 Orsay, France
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Kang M, Park J, Lee IM, Lee B. Floating dielectric slab optical interconnection between metal-dielectric interface surface plasmon polariton waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:676-687. [PMID: 19158881 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple and effective optical interconnection which connects two distanced single metal-dielectric interface surface plasmon waveguides by a floating dielectric slab waveguide (slab bridge) is proposed. Transmission characteristics of the suggested structure are numerically studied using rigorous coupled wave analysis, and design rules based on the study are given. In the wave-guiding part, if the slab bridge can support more than the fundamental mode, then the transmission efficiency of the interconnection shows strong periodic dependency on the length of the bridge, due to the multi-mode interference (MMI) effect. Otherwise, only small fluctuation occurs due to the Fabry-Pérot effect. In addition, light beating happens when the slab bridge is relatively short. In the wave-coupling part, on the other hand, gap-assisted transmission occurs at each overlapping region as a consequence of mode hybridization. Periodic dependency on the length of the overlap region also appears due to the MMI effect. According to these results, we propose design principles for achieving both high transmission efficiency and stability with respect to the variation of the interconnection distance, and we show how to obtain the transmission efficiency of 68.3% for the 1mm-long interconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Active Plasmonics Application Systems Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical Engineering Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Sillim-Dong, Seoul, 151-744, Korea
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Nesterov ML, Kats AV, Turitsyn SK. Extremely short-length surface plasmon resonance devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:20227-20240. [PMID: 19065161 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the system design on the control of coupling between planar waveguide modes and surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) is analyzed. We examine how the efficiency of the coupling can be enhanced by an appropriate dimensioning of a multi-layer device structure without using additional gratings. We demonstrate that by proper design the length of the device can be dramatically reduced through fabrication a surface plasmon resonance sensor based on the SPP-photon transformation rather then on SPP dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim L Nesterov
- A. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics NAS of Ukraine, 12 Academician Proskura Street, 61085 Kharkov, Ukraine.
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