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Pan Y, Zhao J, Lu P, Sima C, Zhang W, Fu L, Liu D, Zhang J, Wu H, Dong L. All-optical light-induced thermoacoustic spectroscopy for remote and non-contact gas sensing. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 27:100389. [PMID: 36068797 PMCID: PMC9441261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
All-optical light-induced thermoacoustic spectroscopy (AO-LITS) is reported for the first time for highly sensitive and selective gas sensing, in which a commercial standard quartz tuning fork (QTF) is employed as a photothermal detector. The vibration of the QTF was measured by the highly sensitive fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot (FP) interferometry (FPI) technique, instead of the piezoelectric detection in the conventional LITS. To improve the stability of the sensor system, a compact QTF-based fiber-optic FPI module is fabricated by 3D printing technique and a dual-wavelength demodulation method with the ellipse-fitting differential-cross-multiplication algorithm (DW-EF-DCM) is exploited for the FPI measurement. The all-optical detection scheme has the advantages of remote detection and immunity to electromagnetic interference. A minimum detection limit (MDL) of 422 ppb was achieved for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which was ~ 3 times lower than a conventional electrical LITS sensor system. The AO-LITS can provide a promising approach for remote and non-contact gas sensing in the whole infrared spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Pan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access-system, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access-system, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access-system, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Wuhan OV Optical Networking Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430074, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Chaotan Sima
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access-system, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Wuhan OV Optical Networking Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wanjin Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access-system, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lujun Fu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access-system, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Deming Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center of Next Generation Internet Access-system, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiangshan Zhang
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Corresponding author.
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Lou C, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yao J, Chang C, Ma Y, Liu X. Ultra-broadband optical detection from the visible to the terahertz range using a miniature quartz tuning fork. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1875-1878. [PMID: 35363758 DOI: 10.1364/ol.452984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, sensitive and wideband optical detection strategy based on the light-induced thermoelastic effect in a miniature quartz tuning fork (mQTF) with low stiffness prongs. Compared with a traditional QTF, the soft prongs of the mQTF result in improved sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrate that the mQTF exhibits ∼54-fold superior sensitivity compared to a QTF, and the mQTF sensor has an ultra-broadband optical response, ranging from visible light to terahertz wavelengths. Its response time reaches 11.7 ms, and the minimum noise equivalent power (NEP) is measured to be 2.2 × 10-9 W Hz-1/2 at room temperature. The mQTF exhibits advantages in its cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, and ultra-broadband response, and provides a promising approach for the detection of low-dose optical and terahertz-wave radiation.
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Lou C, Li X, Chen H, Yang X, Zhang Y, Yao J, Liu X. Polymer-coated quartz tuning fork for enhancing the sensitivity of laser-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:12195-12205. [PMID: 33984984 DOI: 10.1364/oe.421356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel laser-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) sensor based on a polymer-coated quartz tuning fork (QTF) is reported. Two types of polymer films with different thicknesses are deposited on commercially available QTF to improve the conversion efficiency of laser energy deposition into vibration. CO2 was selected as the target analyte for validation measurements. The experimental results indicate that by introducing a polymer coating, a maximum gain factor of 3.46 and 3.21 is attained for the signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), respectively, when compared to traditional LITES that using only a bare QTF. A minimum detectable concentration of 0.181% can be obtained, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) of 1.74×10-11 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2, and the measurement precision is approximately 0.06% with an averaging time of 200 s. Here, we show what we believe is the first demonstration of polymer coated QTF for LITES sensing, compared with custom QTF, the design has the virtues of lower cost, simple and easy-to-operate, is a promising new strategy for sensitive trace gas analysis.
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Russo SD, Zifarelli A, Patimisco P, Sampaolo A, Wei T, Wu H, Dong L, Spagnolo V. Light-induced thermo-elastic effect in quartz tuning forks exploited as a photodetector in gas absorption spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:19074-19084. [PMID: 32672192 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a study of light-induced thermo-elastic effects occurring in quartz tuning forks (QTFs) when exploited as near-infrared light detectors in a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy sensor setup. Our analysis showed that when the residual laser beam transmitted by the absorption cell is focused on the QTF surface area where the maximum strain field occurs, the QTF signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is proportional to the strain itself and to the QTF accumulation time. The SNR was also evaluated when the pressure surrounding the QTF was lowered from 700 Torr to 5 Torr, resulting in an enhancement factor of ∽4 at the lowest pressure. At 5 torr, the QTF employed as light detector showed an SNR ∽6.5 times higher than that obtained by using a commercially available amplified photodetector.
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He Y, Ma Y, Tong Y, Yu X, Tittel FK. Ultra-high sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy sensor with a high Q-factor quartz tuning fork and a multipass cell. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1904-1907. [PMID: 30985771 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An ultra-high sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) sensor based on a resonant high Q-factor quartz turning fork (QTF) and a Herriot multipass cell was demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The performance of LITES and widely used tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) were experimentally investigated and compared at the same conditions. Carbon monoxide (CO) was chosen as the analyte to verify the reported sensors' performance. With a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 470 ppb for 60 ms integration time and a noise equivalent absorption (NEA) coefficient of 2.0×10-7 cm-1 Hz-1/2, and a MDL of 17 ppb with an optimum integration time of 800 s, the reported LITES sensor showed a superior sensing capability compared with a TDLAS sensor and a conventional quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor.
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Pradere C, Caumes JP, Toutain J, Abraham E, Chassagne B, Batsale JC. Absolute self-calibrated room-temperature terahertz powermeter. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:2320-2324. [PMID: 23670761 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.002320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coupling optical and thermal properties of a terahertz (THz) thermal converter based on the Seebeck effect provides an unsupplied room-temperature measuring device dedicated to THz power metrology. Performance characteristics such as broadband response (0-30 THz), high sensitivity (<25 μW·Hz(-0.5)), and the possibility to develop an internal absolute self-calibration estimated at 9.93 W·V(-1) are reported. Advantages and drawbacks of this THz powermeter are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pradere
- I2M TREFLE department, UMR CNRS 5295, Esplanade des Arts et Métiers, Talence 33405, France.
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Rao GN, Karpf A. External cavity tunable quantum cascade lasers and their applications to trace gas monitoring. APPLIED OPTICS 2011; 50:A100-A115. [PMID: 21283214 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.00a100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Since the first quantum cascade laser (QCL) was demonstrated approximately 16 years ago, we have witnessed an explosion of interesting developments in QCL technology and QCL-based trace gas sensors. QCLs operate in the mid-IR region (3-24 μm) and can directly access the rotational vibrational bands of most molecular species and, therefore, are ideally suited for trace gas detection with high specificity and sensitivity. These sensors have applications in a wide range of fields, including environmental monitoring, atmospheric chemistry, medical diagnostics, homeland security, detection of explosive compounds, and industrial process control, to name a few. Tunable external cavity (EC)-QCLs in particular offer narrow linewidths, wide ranges of tunability, and stable power outputs, which open up new possibilities for sensor development. These features allow for the simultaneous detection of multiple species and the study of large molecules, free radicals, ions, and reaction kinetics. In this article, we review the current status of EC-QCLs and sensor developments based on them and speculate on possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gottipaty N Rao
- Department of Physics, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York 11530, USA.
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