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Lin SP, Lee WJ, Sun MC, Yang YH, Vinzons LU, Lin YM, Wei YT. Nano-Brush Structure for Rapid Label-Free Differentiation of Alzheimer's Disease Stages and Direct Capture of Neuron-Derived Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56478-56489. [PMID: 37994569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of the neurofilament light chain (NFL) in human blood plasma/serum is a promising liquid biopsy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, offering advantages over conventional neuroimaging techniques recommended in clinical guidelines. Here, a controllable nano-brush structure comprising upstanding silicon nanowires coated with indium tin oxide was employed as the sensing substrate. This nano-brush structure was modified with an NFL antibody (NFLAb) via silane coupling and then further connected as the extended gate in a field-effect transistor (EGFET). Notable signal differences emerged within a 2 min timeframe, enabling the label-free differentiation in human blood plasmas among four distinct cohorts: healthy controls, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia due to AD. Our study indicates that achieving a surface roughness exceeding 400 nm on the modified nano-brush structure enables the effective electrical sensing in our EGFETs. These distinct electrical responses measured via the NFLAb-modified nano-brush EGFETs can be attributed to the combined effects of the captured NFLs and NFL-specific neuron-derived exosomes (NDEs) found in dementia patients, as confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the potential of quantitatively detecting NDEs on the NFLAb-modified nano-brush structure was demonstrated using spiked solutions containing NFL-specific NDEs from IMR-32 neuroblast cells, wherein concentration-dependent changes were observed in the EGFETs output signal. Our findings show that the NFLAb-modified nano-brush EGFET enables rapid, label-free differentiation between healthy individuals and patients at varying stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 40705, Republic of China
- Dementia Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 40705, Republic of China
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
- Faculty of Medicine and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan 112304, Republic of China
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 40705, Republic of China
| | - Man-Cheng Sun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsiu Yang
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 40705, Republic of China
- Dementia Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 40705, Republic of China
| | - Lester Uy Vinzons
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Mei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
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Heffner H, Soldera M, Lasagni AF. Optoelectronic performance of indium tin oxide thin films structured by sub-picosecond direct laser interference patterning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9798. [PMID: 37328683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A route to increase the efficiency of thin film solar cells is improving the light-trapping capacity by texturing the top Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) so that the sunlight reaching the solar absorber scatters into multiple directions. In this study, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films are treated by infrared sub-picosecond Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) to modify the surface topography. Surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy reveals the presence of periodic microchannels with a spatial period of 5 µm and an average height between 15 and 450 nm decorated with Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) in the direction parallel to the microchannels. A relative increase in the average total and diffuse optical transmittances up to 10.7% and 1900%, respectively, was obtained in the 400-1000 nm spectral range as an outcome of the interaction of white light with the generated micro- and nanostructures. The estimation of Haacke's figure of merit suggests that the surface modification of ITO with fluence levels near the ablation threshold might enhance the performance of solar cells that employ ITO as a front electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Heffner
- Institut Für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Str. 3c, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR, UNS-CONICET), Av. Alem 1253, B8000CPB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Marcos Soldera
- Institut Für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Str. 3c, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrés Fabián Lasagni
- Institut Für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Str. 3c, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institut Für Werkstoff Und Strahltechnik (IWS), Winterbergstr 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany
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Hu J, Li ZZ, Zhao YY, Xu YS, Wang L, Han M, Hyde L, Ng SH, Wang L, Juodkazis S. Nanoscale Printing of Indium-Tin-Oxide by Femtosecond Laser Pulses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4092. [PMID: 36432377 PMCID: PMC9694177 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For constructing optical and electrical micro-devices, the deposition/printing of materials with sub-1 μm precision and size (cross-section) is required. Crystalline c-ITO (indium tin oxide) nanostructures were patterned on glass with sufficient precision to form 20-50 nm gaps between individual disks or lines of ∼250 nm diameter or width. The absorbed energy density [J/cm3] followed a second-order dependence on pulse energy. This facilitated high-resolution and precise nanoscale laser-writing at a laser wavelength of 515 nm. Patterns for optical elements such as circular gratings and micro-disks were laser-printed using ITO as a resist. Unexposed amorphous a-ITO was chemically removed in aqueous 1% vol. HF solution. This use of a-ITO as a solid resist holds promise for metamaterial and micro-optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Hu
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Zhen-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yi-Shi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Molong Han
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN-ANFF), 151 Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lachlan Hyde
- Space Technology and Industry Institute, Graphene Certification Labs, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Soon Hock Ng
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN-ANFF), 151 Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Ma H, Zhao Y, Shao Y, Lin X, Li D, Cao Z, Leng Y, Shao J. Determining femtosecond laser fluence for surface engineering of transparent conductive thin films by single shot irradiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:38591-38605. [PMID: 34808909 DOI: 10.1364/oe.442882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in optoelectronic applications of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin-film-based materials and devices fabricated using patterning techniques. Meanwhile, femtosecond laser processing is a convenient method that further improves the performance of TCO-based functional devices and expands their application prospects. In this study, we proposed a simple and effective strategy to determine the fluences required for laser processing TCOs. We investigated the modification of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film induced by a femtosecond laser (45/150 fs, 800 nm) at different pulse fluences. The results reveal that the laser modification of ITO films is highly dependent on the irradiated pulse fluences. Several distinct types of final micro/nanostructures were observed and may be attributed to superficial amorphization, spallation ablation, stress-assisted delamination, boiling evaporation, and phase explosion. The final micro/nanostructures were studied in detail using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and a surface profiler. At a lower fluence above the melting but below the ablation threshold, a laterally parabolic amorphous layer profiled with maximum thicknesses of several tens of nanometers was quantitatively attained. At a higher fluence, stress-assisted delamination and superheated liquid-induced micro-honeycomb structures emerged. Furthermore, the electron and lattice temperature evolutions were also obtained using a two-temperature model to prove the ablation mechanism and ascertain the micro/nanostructure formation principle. The predicted surface temperatures confirmed film amorphization without ablation below 0.23 J/cm2. These results reveal the interaction mechanism between femtosecond laser pulse and ITO film including the competition between the free electron heating of intraband transition and the multiphoton absorption of the interband transition, which promotes the potential applications for femtosecond laser processing TCO films and other wide-band-gap semiconductors such as photodetectors, solar cells, UV-light-emitting diodes, and flat-panel displays.
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Min K, Choi KS, Jeon WJ, Lee DK, Oh S, Lee J, Choi JY, Yu HK. Hierarchical Ag nanostructures on Sn-doped indium oxide nano-branches: super-hydrophobic surface for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12927-12932. [PMID: 35541281 PMCID: PMC9079625 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01510d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we fabricated a super-hydrophobic SERS substrate using Sn-doped indium oxide (Indium-tin-oxide: ITO) nano-branches as a template. ITO nano-branches with tens of nanometer diameter are first fabricated through the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth to provide roughness of the substrate. 10 nm thickness of Ag thin film was deposited and then treated with the post-annealing process to create numerous air-pockets in the Ag film, forming a hierarchical Ag nanostructures. The resulting substrate obtained Cassie's wetting property with a water contact angle of 151°. Compared to the normal hydrophobic Ag nanoparticle substrate, increase of about 4.25-fold higher SERS signal was obtained for 7 μL of rhodamine 6G aqueous solutions. Herein, we fabricated a super-hydrophobic SERS substrate using Sn-doped indium oxide (Indium-tin-oxide: ITO) nano-branches as a template.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchan Min
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering & Dept. of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Kyoung Soon Choi
- The Advanced Nano Surface Research Group
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon 34144
- Korea
| | - Wook Jin Jeon
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering & Dept. of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lee
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering & Dept. of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Sein Oh
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering & Dept. of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Jouhahn Lee
- The Advanced Nano Surface Research Group
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon 34144
- Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering
- School of Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Korea
| | - Hak Ki Yu
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering & Dept. of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon
- Korea
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Chen MH, Tseng YH, Chao YP, Tseng SY, Lin ZR, Chu HH, Chang JK, Luo CW. Effects on Organic Photovoltaics Using Femtosecond-Laser-Treated Indium Tin Oxides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24989-24993. [PMID: 27618510 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of femtosecond-laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface applied to an organic photovoltaic (OPV) system were investigated. The modifications of ITO induced by LIPPS in OPV devices result in more than 14% increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and short-circuit current density relative to those of the standard device. The basic mechanisms for the enhanced short-circuit current density are attributed to better light harvesting, increased scattering effects, and more efficient charge collection between the ITO and photoactive layers. Results show that higher PCEs would be achieved by laser-pulse-treated electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University , Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University , Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Tseng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Zong-Rong Lin
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University , Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsin Chu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Jan-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
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Wang C, Wang HI, Luo CW, Leu J. Anisotropic optical transmission of femtosecond laser induced periodic surface nanostructures on indium-tin-oxide films. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2012; 101:101911. [PMID: 23066167 PMCID: PMC3448592 DOI: 10.1063/1.4751983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two types of periodic nanostructures, self-organized nanodots and nanolines, were fabricated on the surfaces of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films using femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. Multiple periodicities (approximately 800 nm and 400 nm) were clearly observed on the ITO films with nanodot and nanoline structures and were identified using two-dimensional Fourier transformation patterns. Both nanostructures show the anisotropic transmission characteristics in the visible range, which are strongly correlated with the geometry and the metallic content of the laser-induced nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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