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Durán Gómez JSS, Ramírez Alarcón R, Gómez Robles M, Tavares Ramírez PMC, Rodríguez Becerra GJ, Ortíz-Ricardo E, Salas-Montiel R. Integrated photon pair source based on a silicon nitride micro-ring resonator for quantum memories. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1860-1863. [PMID: 38560883 DOI: 10.1364/ol.519784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We report the design of an integrated photon pair source based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM), implemented in an integrated micro-ring resonator in the silicon nitride platform (Si3N4). The signal photon is generated with emission at 606 nm and bandwidth of 3.98 MHz, matching the spectral properties of praseodymium ions (Pr), while the idler photon is generated at 1430.5 nm matching the wavelength of a CWDM channel in the E-band. This novel, to the best of our knowledge, device is designed to interact with a quantum memory based on a Y2SiO5 crystal doped with Pr3+ ions, in which we used cavity-enhanced SFWM along with dispersion engineering to reach the required wavelength and the few megahertz signal photon spectral bandwidth.
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Jiang ZK, Ren RJ, Chang YJ, Zhou WH, Lu YH, Wang XW, Wang L, Wang CS, Solntsev AS, Jin XM. Direct Observation of Dynamically Localized Quantum Optical States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173602. [PMID: 36332261 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-correlated biphoton states play an important role in quantum communication and processing, especially considering the recent advances in integrated photonics. However, it remains a challenge to flexibly transport quantum states on a chip, when dealing with large-scale sophisticated photonic designs. The equivalence between certain aspects of quantum optics and solid-state physics makes it possible to utilize a range of powerful approaches in photonics, including topologically protected boundary states, graphene edge states, and dynamic localization. Optical dynamic localization allows efficient protection of classical signals in photonic systems by implementing an analogue of an external alternating electric field. Here, we report on the observation of dynamic localization for quantum-correlated biphotons, including both the generation and the propagation aspects. As a platform, we use sinusoidal waveguide arrays with cubic nonlinearity. We record biphoton coincidence count rates as evidence of robust generation of biphotons and demonstrate the dynamic localization features in both spatial and temporal space by analyzing the quantum correlation of biphotons at the output of the waveguide array. Experimental results demonstrate that various dynamic modulation parameters are effective in protecting quantum states without introducing complex topologies. Our Letter opens new avenues for studying complex physical processes using photonic chips and provides an alternative mechanism of protecting communication channels and nonclassical quantum sources in large-scale integrated quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Kun Jiang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruo-Jing Ren
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Jun Chang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yong-Heng Lu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chang-Shun Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Alexander S Solntsev
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- TuringQ Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Samudrala SC, Das S, Lee KJ, Abdallah MG, Wenner BR, Allen JW, Allen MS, Magnusson R, Vasilyev M. Silicon-nitride microring resonators for nonlinear optical and biosensing applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:G132-G138. [PMID: 34613202 DOI: 10.1364/ao.427731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon-nitride microring resonators for nonlinear-photonic and biosensing device applications. The first part presents new theoretical and experimental results that overcome highly normal dispersion of silicon-nitride microresonators by adding a dispersive coupler. The latter parts review our work on highly efficient second-order nonlinear interaction in a hybrid silicon-nitride slot waveguide with nonlinear polymer cladding and silicon-nitride microring application as a biosensor for human stress indicator neuropeptide Y at the nanomolar level.
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Lopez-Huidobro S, Lippl M, Joly NY, Chekhova MV. Fiber-based biphoton source with ultrabroad frequency tunability. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4033-4036. [PMID: 34388804 DOI: 10.1364/ol.434434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tunable biphotons are highly important for a wide range of quantum applications. For some applications, especially interesting are cases where two photons of a pair are far apart in frequency. Here, we report a tunable biphoton source based on a xenon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Tunability is achieved by adjusting the pressure of the gas inside the fiber. This allows us to tailor the dispersion landscape of the fiber, overcoming the principal limitations of solid-core fiber-based biphoton sources. We report a maximum tunability of 120 THz for a pressure range of 4 bar with a continuous shift of 30 THz/bar. At 21 bar, the photons of a pair are separated by more than one octave. Despite the large separation, both photons have large bandwidths. At 17 bar, they form a very broad (110 THz) band around the frequency of the pump.
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5
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Kiyohara T, Okamoto R, Takeuchi S. Unified integration scheme using an N × N active switch for efficient generation of a multi-photon parallel state. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17490-17501. [PMID: 32679956 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A source to efficiently generate multiple indistinguishable single photons in different spatial modes in parallel (multi-photon parallel state) is indispensable for realizing large-scale photonic quantum circuits. "A naive scheme" may be to use a heralding single photon source with an on-off detector set at each of parallel modes and to select the cases where each mode contains one photon at the same time. However, it is also necessary to suppress the probability of generating more than two photons from a single-photon source. For this requirement, serial-parallel conversion and a multiplexed heralded single photon source (HSPS) have been proposed and demonstrated. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel method to produce a multi-photon parallel state efficiently using multiple HSPSs and an N × N active optical switch. As an advantage over the simple combination of a spatial multiplexed HSPS and a serial-parallel converter, our method, called the "unified integration scheme," can generate a multi-photon parallel state with minimized optical losses in the switch. Using a 2 × 2 active optical switch and a fixed delay, we achieve an enhancement factor of 1.59 ± 0.14, compared with a naive scheme using two HSPSs, and better than the factor of 1.46 using the simple combination scheme. Furthermore, we confirm the reduction of multi-photon events to 62 % of that of the naive scheme.
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Cordier M, Delaye P, Gérôme F, Benabid F, Zaquine I. Raman-free fibered photon-pair source. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1650. [PMID: 32015403 PMCID: PMC6997395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman-scattering noise in silica has been the key obstacle toward the realisation of high quality fiber-based photon-pair sources. Here, we experimentally demonstrate how to get past this limitation by dispersion tailoring a xenon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The source operates at room temperature, and is designed to generate Raman-free photon-pairs at useful wavelength ranges, with idler in the telecom, and signal in the visible range. We achieve a coincidence-to-accidentals ratio as high as 2740 combined with an ultra low heralded second order coherence [Formula: see text], indicating a very high signal to noise ratio and a negligible multi-photon emission probability. Moreover, by gas-pressure tuning, we demonstrate the control of photon frequencies over a range as large as 13 THz, covering S-C and L telecom band for the idler photon. This work demonstrates that hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is an excellent platform to design high quality photon-pair sources, and could play a driving role in the emerging quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cordier
- LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Delaye
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Frédéric Gérôme
- GPPMM Group, XLIM Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Fetah Benabid
- GPPMM Group, XLIM Research Institute, CNRS UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Isabelle Zaquine
- LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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7
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Zhang Y, Spiniolas R, Shinbrough K, Fang B, Cohen O, Lorenz VO. Dual-pump approach to photon-pair generation: demonstration of enhanced characterization and engineering capabilities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19050-19061. [PMID: 31252837 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the generation of photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing with two distinct laser pulses. We find that the dual-pump technique enables new capabilities: 1) a new characterization methodology to measure noise contributions, source brightness and photon-collection efficiencies directly from raw photon-count measurements; 2) an enhanced ability to generate heralded single photons in a pure quantum state; and 3) the ability to derive upper and lower bounds on heralded-photon quantum state purity from measurements of photon-number statistics even in the presence of noise. Such features are highly valuable in photon-pair sources for quantum applications.
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8
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Saleh MF. Modelling spontaneous four-wave mixing in periodically tapered waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:11979-11990. [PMID: 31052744 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A periodically tapered waveguides technique is an emerging potential route to establish quasi-phase-matching schemes in third-order nonlinear materials for efficient on-demand parametric interactions. In this paper, I investigate this method in enhancing spontaneous photon-pair emission in microstructured fibres and planar waveguides with sinusoidally varying cross sections. To study this process for continuous and pulsed-pump excitations, I have developed a general robust quantum model that takes into account self- and cross-phase modulations. The model shows a great enhancement in photon-pair generation in waveguides with a small number of tapering periods that are feasible via the current fabrication technologies. I envisage that this work will open a new area of research to investigate how the tapering patterns can be fully optimised to tailor the spectral properties of the output photons in nonlinear guided structures.
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9
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Posner MT, Hiemstra T, Mennea PL, Bannerman RHS, Hoff UB, Eckstein A, Steven Kolthammer W, Walmsley IA, Smith DH, Gates JC, Smith PGR. High-birefringence direct UV-written waveguides for use as heralded single-photon sources at telecommunication wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:24678-24686. [PMID: 30469580 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.024678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct UV-written waveguides are fabricated in silica-on-silicon with birefringence of (4.9 ± 0.2) × 10-4, much greater than previously reported in this platform. We show that these waveguides are suitable for the generation of heralded single photons at telecommunication wavelengths by spontaneous four-wave mixing. A pulsed pump field at 1060 nm generates pairs of photons in highly detuned, spectrally uncorrelated modes near 1550 nm and 800 nm. Waveguide-to-fiber coupling efficiencies of 78-91 % are achieved for all fields. Waveguide birefringence is controlled through dopant concentration of GeCl4 and BCl3 using the flame hydrolysis deposition process. The technology provides a route towards the scalability of silica-on-silicon integrated components for photonic quantum experiments.
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10
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What Hong-Ou-Mandel interference says on two-photon frequency entanglement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7247. [PMID: 28775259 PMCID: PMC5543181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Not much, in the end. Here we put forward some considerations on how Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry provides signatures of frequency entanglement in the two-photon state produced by parametric down-conversion. We find that some quantitative information can be inferred in the limit of long-pulse pumping, while the short-pulse limit remains elusive.
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11
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Guo X, Zou CL, Schuck C, Jung H, Cheng R, Tang HX. Parametric down-conversion photon-pair source on a nanophotonic chip. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16249. [PMID: 30167250 PMCID: PMC6062195 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-photonic chips, which integrate quantum light sources alongside active and passive optical elements, as well as single-photon detectors, show great potential for photonic quantum information processing and quantum technology. Mature semiconductor nanofabrication processes allow for scaling such photonic integrated circuits to on-chip networks of increasing complexity. Second-order nonlinear materials are the method of choice for generating photonic quantum states in the overwhelming majority of linear optic experiments using bulk components, but integration with waveguide circuitry on a nanophotonic chip proved to be challenging. Here, we demonstrate such an on-chip parametric down-conversion source of photon pairs based on second-order nonlinearity in an aluminum-nitride microring resonator. We show the potential of our source for quantum information processing by measuring the high visibility anti-bunching of heralded single photons with nearly ideal state purity. Our down-conversion source yields measured coincidence rates of 80 Hz, which implies MHz generation rates of correlated photon pairs. Low noise performance is demonstrated by measuring high coincidence-to-accidental ratios. The generated photon pairs are spectrally far separated from the pump field, providing great potential for realizing sufficient on-chip filtering and monolithic integration of quantum light sources, waveguide circuits and single-photon detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Chang-ling Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Carsten Schuck
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hojoong Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Risheng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hong X Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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12
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Helt LG, Brańczyk AM, Liscidini M, Steel MJ. Parasitic Photon-Pair Suppression via Photonic Stop-Band Engineering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:073603. [PMID: 28256861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.073603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We calculate that an appropriate modification of the field associated with only one of the photons of a photon pair can suppress generation of the pair entirely. From this general result, we develop a method for suppressing the generation of undesired photon pairs utilizing photonic stop bands. For a third-order nonlinear optical source of frequency-degenerate photons, we calculate the modified frequency spectrum (joint spectral intensity) and show a significant increase in a standard metric, the coincidence to accidental ratio. These results open a new avenue for photon-pair frequency correlation engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Helt
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Agata M Brańczyk
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Marco Liscidini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università delgi Studi di Pavia, via Bassi 6, Pavia, Italy
| | - M J Steel
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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13
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Ewert F, Bergmann M, van Loock P. Ultrafast Long-Distance Quantum Communication with Static Linear Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:210501. [PMID: 27911560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a projection measurement onto encoded Bell states with a static network of linear optical elements. By increasing the size of the quantum error correction code, both Bell measurement efficiency and photon-loss tolerance can be made arbitrarily high at the same time. As a main application, we show that all-optical quantum communication over large distances with communication rates similar to those of classical communication is possible solely based on local state teleportations using optical sources of encoded Bell states, fixed arrays of beam splitters, and photon detectors. As another application, generalizing state teleportation to gate teleportation for quantum computation, we find that in order to achieve universality the intrinsic loss tolerance must be sacrificed and a minimal amount of feedforward has to be added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ewert
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Bergmann
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter van Loock
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Heshami K, England DG, Humphreys PC, Bustard PJ, Acosta VM, Nunn J, Sussman BJ. Quantum memories: emerging applications and recent advances. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:2005-2028. [PMID: 27695198 PMCID: PMC5020357 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum light-matter interfaces are at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Quantum memories for photons, where non-classical states of photons are mapped onto stationary matter states and preserved for subsequent retrieval, are technical realizations enabled by exquisite control over interactions between light and matter. The ability of quantum memories to synchronize probabilistic events makes them a key component in quantum repeaters and quantum computation based on linear optics. This critical feature has motivated many groups to dedicate theoretical and experimental research to develop quantum memory devices. In recent years, exciting new applications, and more advanced developments of quantum memories, have proliferated. In this review, we outline some of the emerging applications of quantum memories in optical signal processing, quantum computation and non-linear optics. We review recent experimental and theoretical developments, and their impacts on more advanced photonic quantum technologies based on quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor M. Acosta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Center for High Technology Materials, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joshua Nunn
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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15
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Jizan I, Bell B, Helt LG, Bedoya AC, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ. Phase-sensitive tomography of the joint spectral amplitude of photon pair sources. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4803-4806. [PMID: 28005897 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel measurement technique to perform full phase-sensitive tomography on the joint spectrum of photon pair sources, using stimulated four-wave mixing and phase-sensitive amplification. Applying this method to an integrated silicon nanowire source with a frequency chirped pump laser, we are able to observe a corresponding phase change in the spectral amplitude that would otherwise be hidden in standard intensity measurements. With a highly nonlinear fiber source, we show that phase-sensitive measurements have superior sensitivity to small spectral features when compared to intensity measurements. This technique enables more complete characterization of photon pair sources based on nonlinear photonics.
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16
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Poem E, Hiemstra T, Eckstein A, Jin XM, Walmsley IA. Free-space spectro-temporal and spatio-temporal conversion for pulsed light. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4328-4331. [PMID: 27628389 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a new apparatus for converting between spectral and temporal representation of optical information, designed for operating with pulsed light sources. Every input pulse is converted into a pulse train in which the pulse intensities represent the spatial or temporal frequency spectrum of the original pulse. This method enables spectral measurements to be performed by following the temporal response of a single detector and, thus, is useful for real-time spectroscopy and imaging, and for spectral correlation measurements. The apparatus is based on multiple round-trips inside a 2f-cavity-like mirror arrangement in which the spectrum is spread on the back focal plane, and a small section of it is allowed to escape after each round-trip. Unlike existing methods, it relies neither on fibers nor on interference effects. It offers easy wavelength range tunability, and a prototype built achieves over 10% average efficiency in the near infrared (NIR). We demonstrate the application of the prototype for an efficient measurement of the joint spectrum of a non-degenerate bi-photon source in which one of the photons is in the NIR.
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17
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Huang L, Salter PS, Payne F, Booth MJ. Aberration correction for direct laser written waveguides in a transverse geometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:10565-74. [PMID: 27409879 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.010565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The depth dependent spherical aberration is investigated for ultrafast laser written waveguides fabricated in a transverse writing geometry using the slit beam shaping technique in the low pulse repetition rate regime. The axial elongation of the focus caused by the aberration leads to a distortion of the refractive index change, and waveguides designed as single mode become multimode. We theoretically estimate a depth range over which the aberration effects can be compensated simply by adjusting the incident laser power. If deeper fabrication is required, it is demonstrated experimentally that the aberration can be successfully removed using adaptive optics to fabricate single mode optical waveguides over a depth range > 1 mm.
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18
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Energy correlations of photon pairs generated by a silicon microring resonator probed by Stimulated Four Wave Mixing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23564. [PMID: 27032688 PMCID: PMC4817032 DOI: 10.1038/srep23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Compact silicon integrated devices, such as micro-ring resonators, have recently been demonstrated as efficient sources of quantum correlated photon pairs. The mass production of integrated devices demands the implementation of fast and reliable techniques to monitor the device performances. In the case of time-energy correlations, this is particularly challenging, as it requires high spectral resolution that is not currently achievable in coincidence measurements. Here we reconstruct the joint spectral density of photons pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon ring resonator by studying the corresponding stimulated process, namely stimulated four wave mixing. We show that this approach, featuring high spectral resolution and short measurement times, allows one to discriminate between nearly-uncorrelated and highly-correlated photon pairs.
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19
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Reimer C, Kues M, Roztocki P, Wetzel B, Grazioso F, Little BE, Chu ST, Johnston T, Bromberg Y, Caspani L, Moss DJ, Morandotti R. Generation of multiphoton entangled quantum states by means of integrated frequency combs. Science 2016; 351:1176-80. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Barbieri M, Spagnolo N, Ferreyrol F, Blandino R, Smith BJ, Tualle-Brouri R. Qubit-Programmable Operations on Quantum Light Fields. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15125. [PMID: 26468614 PMCID: PMC4606785 DOI: 10.1038/srep15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering quantum operations is a crucial capability needed for developing quantum technologies and designing new fundamental physics tests. Here we propose a scheme for realising a controlled operation acting on a travelling continuous-variable quantum field, whose functioning is determined by a discrete input qubit. This opens a new avenue for exploiting advantages of both information encoding approaches. Furthermore, this approach allows for the program itself to be in a superposition of operations, and as a result it can be used within a quantum processor, where coherences must be maintained. Our study can find interest not only in general quantum state engineering and information protocols, but also details an interface between different physical platforms. Potential applications can be found in linking optical qubits to optical systems for which coupling is best described in terms of their continuous variables, such as optomechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Barbieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Spagnolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Franck Ferreyrol
- Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanostructures, Institut d'Optique, CNRS and Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Rémi Blandino
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Brian J Smith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Tualle-Brouri
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS and Université Paris-Sud, Palaiseau, France and Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Jiang WC, Lu X, Zhang J, Painter O, Lin Q. Silicon-chip source of bright photon pairs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:20884-20904. [PMID: 26367942 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.020884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrated quantum photonics relies critically on the purity, scalability, integrability, and flexibility of a photon source to support diverse quantum functionalities on a single chip. Here we report a chip-scale photon-pair source on the silicon-on-insulator platform that utilizes dramatic cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing in a high-Q silicon microdisk resonator. The device is able to produce high-quality photon pairs at different wavelengths with a high spectral brightness of 6.24×10(7) pairs/s/mW(2)/GHz and photon-pair correlation with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 1386 ± 278 while pumped with a continuous-wave laser. The superior performance, together with the structural compactness and CMOS compatibility, opens up a great avenue towards quantum silicon photonics with capability of multi-channel parallel information processing for both integrated quantum computing and long-haul quantum communication.
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22
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Bi-photon spectral correlation measurements from a silicon nanowire in the quantum and classical regimes. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26218609 PMCID: PMC4649864 DOI: 10.1038/srep12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing requirement for photon pairs with specific spectral correlations in quantum optics experiments has created a demand for fast, high resolution and accurate source characterisation. A promising tool for such characterisation uses classical stimulated processes, in which an additional seed laser stimulates photon generation yielding much higher count rates, as recently demonstrated for a χ(2) integrated source in A. Eckstein et al. Laser Photon. Rev. 8, L76 (2014). In this work we extend these results to χ(3) integrated sources, directly measuring for the first time the relation between spectral correlation measurements via stimulated and spontaneous four wave mixing in an integrated optical waveguide, a silicon nanowire. We directly confirm the speed-up due to higher count rates and demonstrate that this allows additional resolution to be gained when compared to traditional coincidence measurements without any increase in measurement time. As the pump pulse duration can influence the degree of spectral correlation, all of our measurements are taken for two different pump pulse widths. This allows us to confirm that the classical stimulated process correctly captures the degree of spectral correlation regardless of pump pulse duration, and cements its place as an essential characterisation method for the development of future quantum integrated devices.
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23
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Flayac H, Gerace D, Savona V. An all-silicon single-photon source by unconventional photon blockade. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11223. [PMID: 26061665 PMCID: PMC4462143 DOI: 10.1038/srep11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of suitable quantum emitters in silicon and silicon-based materials has prevented the realization of room temperature, compact, stable, and integrated sources of single photons in a scalable on-chip architecture, so far. Current approaches rely on exploiting the enhanced optical nonlinearity of silicon through light confinement or slow-light propagation, and are based on parametric processes that typically require substantial input energy and spatial footprint to reach a reasonable output yield. Here we propose an alternative all-silicon device that employs a different paradigm, namely the interplay between quantum interference and the third-order intrinsic nonlinearity in a system of two coupled optical cavities. This unconventional photon blockade allows to produce antibunched radiation at extremely low input powers. We demonstrate a reliable protocol to operate this mechanism under pulsed optical excitation, as required for device applications, thus implementing a true single-photon source. We finally propose a state-of-art implementation in a standard silicon-based photonic crystal integrated circuit that outperforms existing parametric devices either in input power or footprint area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Flayac
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dario Gerace
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savona
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Lee HJ, Kim H, Cha M, Moon HS. Generation of bright visible photon pairs using a periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate crystal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:14203-14210. [PMID: 26072787 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.014203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a 711-nm-wavelength efficient photon-pair source under the condition of non-collinear type-0 quasi-phase-matching configuration in a periodically poled MgO-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PPSLT) crystal pumped by a 355.7-nm laser. Such degenerate visible photon-pairs in the wavelength region of 710 nm are practically useful for increasing the data collection rate in silicon-based single photon detectors. We confirm that the visible photon pairs in the PPSLT crystal form a bright, high-purity source of correlated photons. Our results show a coincidence counting rate per input pump power of 98,500 Hz/mW, conversion efficiency of 1.66 × 10-9, and second-order coherence function g(2)(0) of 0.087 ± 0.002/mW.
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25
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26
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Zielnicki K, Garay-Palmett K, Dirks R, U'Ren AB, Kwiat PG. Engineering of near-IR photon pairs to be factorable in space-time and entangled in polarization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7894-7907. [PMID: 25837127 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a source of near-infrared photon pairs based on the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC), for which the joint signal-idler quantum state is designed to be factorable in the frequency-time and in the transverse position-momentum degrees of freedom. Our technique is based on the use of a broadband pump and vector group velocity matching between the pump, signal, and idler waves. We show experimentally that a source based on this technique can be configured for the generation of: i) pure heralded single photons, and ii) polarization-entangled photon pairs which are free from spectral correlations, in both cases without resorting to spectral filtering. While critical for many applications in optical quantum information processing, such a source has not previously been demonstrated.
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27
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Kumar R, Ong JR, Savanier M, Mookherjea S. Controlling the spectrum of photons generated on a silicon nanophotonic chip. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5489. [PMID: 25410792 PMCID: PMC4263184 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Directly modulated semiconductor lasers are widely used, compact light sources in optical communications. Semiconductors can also be used to generate nonclassical light; in fact, CMOS-compatible silicon chips can be used to generate pairs of single photons at room temperature. Unlike the classical laser, the photon-pair source requires control over a two-dimensional joint spectral intensity (JSI) and it is not possible to process the photons separately, as this could destroy the entanglement. Here we design a photon-pair source, consisting of planar lightwave components fabricated using CMOS-compatible lithography in silicon, which has the capability to vary the JSI. By controlling either the optical pump wavelength, or the temperature of the chip, we demonstrate the ability to select different JSIs, with a large variation in the Schmidt number. Such control can benefit high-dimensional communications where detector-timing constraints can be relaxed by realizing a large Schmidt number in a small frequency range. The controlled creation of single and pair photon sources on a silicon chip is important for the realisation of quantum optical communications. Here, the authors control the spectrum of such photons generated on a silicon chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jun Rong Ong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Marc Savanier
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shayan Mookherjea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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28
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Humphreys PC, Metcalf BJ, Spring JB, Moore M, Salter PS, Booth MJ, Steven Kolthammer W, Walmsley IA. Strain-optic active control for quantum integrated photonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:21719-21726. [PMID: 25321548 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.021719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a practical method for active phase control on a photonic chip that has immediate applications in quantum photonics. Our approach uses strain-optic modification of the refractive index of individual waveguides, effected by a millimeter-scale mechanical actuator. The resulting phase change of propagating optical fields is rapid and polarization-dependent, enabling quantum applications that require active control and polarization encoding. We demonstrate strain-optic control of non-classical states of light in silica, showing the generation of 2-photon polarisation N00N states by manipulating Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. We also demonstrate switching times of a few microseconds, which are sufficient for silica-based feed-forward control of photonic quantum states.
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29
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Bruno N, Martin A, Guerreiro T, Sanguinetti B, Thew RT. Pulsed source of spectrally uncorrelated and indistinguishable photons at telecom wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:17246-17253. [PMID: 25090538 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.017246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of indistinguishable photon pairs at telecom wavelengths based on a type-II parametric down conversion process in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal. The phase matching, pump laser characteristics and coupling geometry are optimised to obtain spectrally uncorrelated photons with high coupling efficiencies. Four photons are generated by a counter-propagating pump in the same crystal and anlysed via two photon interference experiments between photons from each pair source as well as joint spectral and g((2)) measurements. We obtain a spectral purity of 0.91 and coupling efficiencies around 90% for all four photons without any filtering. These pure indistinguishable photon sources at telecom wavelengths are perfectly adapted for quantum network demonstrations and other multi-photon protocols.
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30
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Collins M, Xiong C, Rey I, Vo T, He J, Shahnia S, Reardon C, Krauss T, Steel M, Clark A, Eggleton B. Integrated spatial multiplexing of heralded single-photon sources. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2582. [PMID: 24107840 PMCID: PMC3826656 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-deterministic nature of photon sources is a key limitation for single-photon quantum processors. Spatial multiplexing overcomes this by enhancing the heralded single-photon yield without enhancing the output noise. Here the intrinsic statistical limit of an individual source is surpassed by spatially multiplexing two monolithic silicon-based correlated photon pair sources in the telecommunications band, demonstrating a 62.4% increase in the heralded single-photon output without an increase in unwanted multipair generation. We further demonstrate the scalability of this scheme by multiplexing photons generated in two waveguides pumped via an integrated coupler with a 63.1% increase in the heralded photon rate. This demonstration paves the way for a scalable architecture for multiplexing many photon sources in a compact integrated platform and achieving efficient two-photon interference, required at the core of optical quantum computing and quantum communication protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Collins
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - C. Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - I.H. Rey
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - T.D. Vo
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Maritime Division, Department of Defence, Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO), P.O. Box 44, Pyrmont, New South Wales 2009, Australia
| | - J. He
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - S. Shahnia
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - C. Reardon
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - T.F. Krauss
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M.J. Steel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, CUDOS, MQ Photonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2019, Australia
| | - A.S. Clark
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - B.J. Eggleton
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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