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Li JC, Dong YX, Lei BJ, Xiao JL, Yang YD, Huang YZ. Optical time domain reflectometry based on a self-chaotic circular-sided microcavity laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:154-158. [PMID: 38175016 DOI: 10.1364/ao.511255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A self-chaotic circular-sided square microcavity laser, with a chaos bandwidth of 12.9 GHz and a flatness of ±3d B, was applied in optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). Using the broadband chaos laser, we demonstrated a range resolution of 4.5 mm and a 25-km detection distance experimentally. The solitary wide-bandwidth microcavity chaos laser, without the extra correlation peaks in optical feedback chaotic lasers, has shown potential advantages for correlation OTDR in practical application.
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Romanet M, Giraldo LM, Zerbib M, Rochat E, Phan Huy K, Beugnot JC. Towards single-photon Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21542-21552. [PMID: 37381250 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a novel distributed Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) using standard telecommunication fibers based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in gated mode, ν -BOTDR, with a range of 120 km and 10 m spatial resolution. We experimentally demonstrate the ability to perform a distributed temperature measurement, by detecting a hot spot at 100 km. Instead of using a frequency scan like conventional BOTDR, we use a frequency discriminator based on the slope of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to convert the count rate of the SPAD into a frequency shift. A procedure to take into account the FBG drift during the acquisition and perform sensitive and reliable distributed measurements is described. We also present the possibility to differentiate strain and temperature.
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Li B, Zhang R, Wang Y, Li H, You L, Ou Z, Zhou H, Ling Y, Wang Y, Deng G, Wang Y, Song H, Qiu K, Zhou Q. Dispersion independent long-haul photon-counting optical time-domain reflectometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2640-2643. [PMID: 32356836 DOI: 10.1364/ol.391394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photon-counting optical time-domain reflectometry (PC-OTDR) based on single photon detection is an effective scheme to attain the high spatial resolution for optical fiber fault monitoring. Currently, due to the spatial resolution of PC-OTDR being proportional to the pulse width of a laser beam, short laser pulses are essential for a high spatial resolution. However, short laser pulses have a large bandwidth, which would be widened by the dispersion of fiber, causing inevitable deterioration in the spatial resolution, especially for long-haul fiber links. In this Letter, we propose a scheme of dispersion independent PC-OTDR based on an infinite backscatter technique. Our experimental results-with more than 45 km long fiber-show that the spatial resolution of the PC-OTDR system is independent with the total dispersion of the fiber under test. Our method provides an avenue for developing long-haul PC-OTDR with high performance.
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Bai P, Zhang YH, Shen WZ. Infrared single photon detector based on optical up-converter at 1550 nm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15341. [PMID: 29127396 PMCID: PMC5681574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High performance single photon detector at the wavelength of 1550 nm has drawn wide attention and achieved vast improvement due to its significant application in quantum information, quantum key distribution, as well as cosmology. A novel infrared up-conversion single photon detector (USPD) at 1550 nm was proposed to work in free-running regime based on the InGaAs/ InP photodetector (PD)- GaAs/AlGaAs LED up-converter and Si single photon avalanche diode (SPAD). In contrast to conventional In0.53Ga0.47As SPAD, the USPD can suppress dark count rate and afterpulsing efficiently without sacrificing the photon detection efficiency (PDE). A high PDE of ~45% can be achieved by optical adhesive coupling between up-converter and Si SPAD. Using a developed analytical model we gave a noise equivalent power of 1.39 × 10−18 WHz1/2 at 200 K for the USPD, which is better than that of InGaAs SPAD. This work provides a new single photon detection scheme for telecom band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - W Z Shen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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Amaral GC, Herrera LEY, Resende MM, Temporão GP, Urban PJ, Pierre von der Weid J. Time-polarization multiplexing for increased output power of semiconductor optical amplifiers in the pulsed regime. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:7878-7884. [PMID: 27828024 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.007878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a setup capable of overcoming the saturation output power of semiconductor optical amplifiers operating in the pulsed regime. The concept is to couple different time delays to orthogonal polarization modes, amplify the pulses multiplexed in time, and use the polarization information to recombine them into a single high-power optical pulse. Making use of a single amplifier and two polarizing beam splitters, we were able to amplify pulses with as much as 1.9 dB above the saturation output power of the device. We also show that the method is scalable if any number of polarizing beam splitters is available, where each extra device contributes roughly 1.9 dB to the overall above-saturation amplification factor.
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Zheng MY, Shentu GL, Ma F, Zhou F, Zhang HT, Dai YQ, Xie X, Zhang Q, Pan JW. Integrated four-channel all-fiber up-conversion single-photon-detector with adjustable efficiency and dark count. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:093115. [PMID: 27782601 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Up-conversion single photon detector (UCSPD) has been widely used in many research fields including quantum key distribution, lidar, optical time domain reflectrometry, and deep space communication. For the first time in laboratory, we have developed an integrated four-channel all-fiber UCSPD which can work in both free-running and gate modes. This compact module can satisfy different experimental demands with adjustable detection efficiency and dark count. We have characterized the key parameters of the UCSPD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Zheng
- Shandong Institute of Quantum Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Guo-Liang Shentu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | | | - Yun-Qi Dai
- QuantumCTek Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Xiuping Xie
- Shandong Institute of Quantum Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Wada K, Matsukura S, Tanaka A, Matsuyama T, Horinaka H. Precise measurement of single-mode fiber lengths using a gain-switched distributed feedback laser with delayed optical feedback. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:23013-20. [PMID: 26368406 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.023013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple method to measure single-mode optical fiber lengths is proposed and demonstrated using a gain-switched 1.55-μm distributed feedback laser without a fast photodetector or an optical interferometer. From the variation in the amplified spontaneous emission noise intensity with respect to the modulation frequency of the gain switching, the optical length of a 1-km single-mode fiber immersed in water is found to be 1471.043915 m ± 33 μm, corresponding to a relative standard deviation of 2.2 × 10(-8). This optical length is an average value over a measurement time of one minute under ordinary laboratory conditions.
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Wang ZN, Fan MQ, Zhang L, Wu H, Churkin DV, Li Y, Qian XY, Rao YJ. Long-range and high-precision correlation optical time-domain reflectometry utilizing an all-fiber chaotic source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:15514-15520. [PMID: 26193531 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.015514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a long range, high precision optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) based on an all-fiber supercontinuum source. The source simply consists of a CW pump laser with moderate power and a section of fiber, which has a zero dispersion wavelength near the laser's central wavelength. Spectrum and time domain properties of the source are investigated, showing that the source has great capability in nonlinear optics, such as correlation OTDR due to its ultra-wide-band chaotic behavior, and mm-scale spatial resolution is demonstrated. Then we analyze the key factors limiting the operational range of such an OTDR, e. g., integral Rayleigh backscattering and the fiber loss, which degrades the optical signal to noise ratio at the receiver side, and then the guideline for counter-act such signal fading is discussed. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate a correlation OTDR with 100km sensing range and 8.2cm spatial resolution (1.2 million resolved points), as a verification of theoretical analysis.
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Long-haul and high-resolution optical time domain reflectometry using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10441. [PMID: 26020163 PMCID: PMC4447072 DOI: 10.1038/srep10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In classical optical time domain reflectometries (OTDRs), for sensing an 200-km-long fiber, the optical pulses launched are as wide as tens of microseconds to get enough signal-to-noise ratio, while it results in a two-point resolution of kilometers. To both reach long sensing distance and sub-kilometer resolution, we demonstrated a long-haul photon-counting OTDR using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. In a 40-minute-long measurement, we obtained a dynamic range of 46.9 dB, corresponding to a maximum sensing distance of 246.8 km, at a two-point resolution of 0.1 km. The time for measuring fiber after 100 km was reduced to one minute, while the fiber end at 217 km was still distinguished well from noise. After reducing the pulse width to 100 ns, the experimental two-point resolution was improved to 20 m while the maximum sensing distance was 209.47 km.
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