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Chamoli SK, Singh S, Guo C, Li W. Enhanced Photon Harvesting in Wedge Tandem Solar Cell. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Chamoli
- GPL Photonics Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130033 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100039 China
| | - Subhash Singh
- GPL Photonics Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130033 China
- The Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Chunlei Guo
- The Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Wei Li
- GPL Photonics Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130033 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100039 China
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Fu F, Li J, Yang TCJ, Liang H, Faes A, Jeangros Q, Ballif C, Hou Y. Monolithic Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: From the Lab to Fab? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106540. [PMID: 35060205 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on monolithic 2-terminal perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells and discusses key scientific and technological challenges to address in view of an industrial implementation of this technology. The authors start by examining the different crystalline silicon (c-Si) technologies suitable for pairing with perovskites, followed by reviewing recent developments in the field of monolithic 2-terminal perovskite-silicon tandems. Factors limiting the power conversion efficiency of these tandem devices are then evaluated, before discussing pathways to achieve an efficiency of >32%, a value that small-scale devices will likely need to achieve to make tandems competitive. Aspects related to the upscaling of these device active areas to industry-relevant ones are reviewed, followed by a short discussion on module integration aspects. The review then focuses on stability issues, likely the most challenging task that will eventually determine the economic viability of this technology. The final part of this review discusses alternative monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem designs. Finally, key areas of research that should be addressed to bring this technology from the lab to the fab are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fu
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jia Li
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Terry Chien-Jen Yang
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- CSIRO Energy Centre, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield West, New South Wales, 2304, Australia
| | - Haoming Liang
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Antonin Faes
- PV-Center, CSEM, Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Jeangros
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- PV-Center, CSEM, Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Ballif
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- PV-Center, CSEM, Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Yi Hou
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Spence M, Hammond R, Pockett A, Wei Z, Johnson A, Watson T, Carnie MJ. A Comparison of Different Textured and Non-Textured Anti-Reflective Coatings for Planar Monolithic Silicon-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:5974-5982. [PMID: 35647496 PMCID: PMC9131309 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multijunction solar cells offer a route to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit for single-junction devices. In a few short years, silicon-perovskite tandems have significantly passed the efficiency of the best silicon single-junction cells. For scalable solution processing of silicon-perovskite tandem devices, with the avoidance of vacuum processing steps, a flat silicon sub-cell is normally required. This results in a flat top surface that can lead to higher optical reflection losses than conformal deposition on textured silicon bottom cells. To overcome this, textured anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) can be used on top of the finished cell, with textured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a promising candidate. In this work, we vary the texture geometry and film thickness of PDMS anti-reflective foils to understand the effect of these parameters on reflectance of the foil. The best film is selected, and anti-reflective performance is compared with two common planar ARCs-lithium fluoride (LiF) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) showing considerable reduction in reflectance for a non-textured silicon-perovskite tandem cell. The application of a PDMS film is shown to give a 3-5% increase in integrated J SC in each sub-cell of a silicon-perovskite tandem structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Spence
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Richard Hammond
- IQE
Silicon Compounds, Beech
House, Pascal Close, St. Mellons, Cardiff CF3 0LW, UK
| | - Adam Pockett
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Zhengfei Wei
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Andrew Johnson
- IQE
Europe Ltd., Pascal Close,
St. Mellons, Cardiff CF3
0LW, UK
| | - Trystan Watson
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Matthew J. Carnie
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and SPECIFIC-IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
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Recent Issues and Configuration Factors in Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells towards Large Scaling Production. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123186. [PMID: 34947535 PMCID: PMC8708322 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented development of perovskite-silicon (PSC-Si) tandem solar cells in the last five years has been hindered by several challenges towards industrialization, which require further research. The combination of the low cost of perovskite and legacy silicon solar cells serve as primary drivers for PSC-Si tandem solar cell improvement. For the perovskite top-cell, the utmost concern reported in the literature is perovskite instability. Hence, proposed physical loss mechanisms for intrinsic and extrinsic instability as triggering mechanisms for hysteresis, ion segregation, and trap states, along with the latest proposed mitigation strategies in terms of stability engineering, are discussed. The silicon bottom cell, being a mature technology, is currently facing bottleneck challenges to achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCE) greater than 26.7%, which requires more understanding in the context of light management and passivation technologies. Finally, for large-scale industrialization of the PSC-Si tandem solar cell, the promising silicon wafer thinning, and large-scale film deposition technologies could cause a shift and align with a more affordable and flexible roll-to-roll PSC-Si technology. Therefore, this review aims to provide deliberate guidance on critical fundamental issues and configuration factors in current PSC-Si tandem technologies towards large-scale industrialization. to meet the 2031 PSC-Si Tandem road maps market target.
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Aeberhard U, Zeder S, Ruhstaller B. Reconciliation of dipole emission with detailed balance rates for the simulation of luminescence and photon recycling in perovskite solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:14773-14788. [PMID: 33985192 DOI: 10.1364/oe.424091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical description of light emission, propagation and re-absorption in semiconductor multilayer stacks is derived based on the transverse Green's function of the electromagnetic field in the presence of a complex dielectric. The canonical dipole emission model is parametrized in terms of the local optical material constants and the local quasi-Fermi level splitting using the detailed balance relation between local absorption and emission rates. The framework obtained in this way is shown to reproduce the generalized Kirchhoff relations between the luminescent emission from metal halide perovskite slabs under uniform excitation and the slab absorptance of light with arbitrary angle of incidence. Use of the proper local density of transverse photon states in the local emission rate includes cavity effects in the generalized Planck law for internal spontaneous emission, which are neglected in the conventional Van Roosbroeck-Shockley formalism and avoids spurious divergencies due to non-radiative energy transfer via longitudinal modes. Finally, a consistent treatment of re-absorption provides the local rate of secondary photogeneration required for the consideration of photon recycling in an opto-electronic device simulator that includes the effects of charge transport.
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Lokar Z, Lipovsek B, Razzaq A, Depauw V, Gordon I, Poortmans J, Krc J, Topic M. Coupled modelling approach for optimization of bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells with multi-scale interface textures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A1554-A1568. [PMID: 31684506 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.0a1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For advanced optical analysis and optimization of solar cell structures with multi-scale interface textures, we applied a coupled modelling approach (CMA), where we couple the rigorous coupled wave analysis method with ray tracing and transfer matrix method. Coupling of the methods enables accurate optical analysis of solar cells made of thin coherent and thick incoherent layers and includes combinations of nano- and micro-scale textures at various positions in the structure. The approach is experimentally validated on standalone single- and both-side textured crystalline silicon wafers, as well as on complete silicon heterojunction (Si HJ) solar cell structures. Using CMA, fully encapsulated bifacial Si HJ solar cells are optically simulated first by applying single- and both-side illumination, and the effects of introducing nano inverted pyramids and random micro-pyramids at front and/or rear interfaces are analyzed. Secondly, an external light management foil with a three-sided pyramidal micro-texture is applied in simulations to the front and/or rear encapsulation glass, and the related improvements are quantified. For the optimal combination of internal textures in the analyzed structure (random micro-pyramids at the front and nano inverted pyramids at the back) and the use of the light management foil on both sides of the device, a 5.6% gain in the short-circuit current is predicted, compared to the reference case with no light management foil and with random micro-pyramids applied to the front and rear internal interfaces.
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Neukom MT, Schiller A, Züfle S, Knapp E, Ávila J, Pérez-Del-Rey D, Dreessen C, Zanoni KPS, Sessolo M, Bolink HJ, Ruhstaller B. Consistent Device Simulation Model Describing Perovskite Solar Cells in Steady-State, Transient, and Frequency Domain. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23320-23328. [PMID: 31180209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A variety of experiments on vacuum-deposited methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells are presented, including JV curves with different scan rates, light intensity-dependent open-circuit voltage, impedance spectra, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectra, transient photocurrents, and transient voltage step responses. All these experimental data sets are successfully reproduced by a charge drift-diffusion simulation model incorporating mobile ions and charge traps using a single set of parameters. While previous modeling studies focused on a single experimental technique, we combine steady-state, transient, and frequency-domain simulations and measurements. Our study is an important step toward quantitative simulation of perovskite solar cells, leading to a deeper understanding of the physical effects in these materials. The analysis of the transient current upon voltage turn-on in the dark reveals that the charge injection properties of the interfaces are triggered by the accumulation of mobile ionic defects. We show that the current rise of voltage step experiments allow for conclusions about the recombination at the interface. Whether one or two mobile ionic species are used in the model has only a minor influence on the observed effects. A delayed current rise observed upon reversing the bias from +3 to -3 V in the dark cannot be reproduced yet by our drift-diffusion model. We speculate that a reversible chemical reaction of mobile ions with the contact material may be the cause of this effect, thus requiring a future model extension. A parameter variation is performed in order to understand the performance-limiting factors of the device under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Neukom
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Fluxim AG , Loft 313, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 , 8400 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Institute of Physics , University of Augsburg , 86135 Augsburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Schiller
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Fluxim AG , Loft 313, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 , 8400 Winterthur , Switzerland
| | - Simon Züfle
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Fluxim AG , Loft 313, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 , 8400 Winterthur , Switzerland
| | - Evelyne Knapp
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
| | - Jorge Ávila
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Del-Rey
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Chris Dreessen
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Kassio P S Zanoni
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Beat Ruhstaller
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Fluxim AG , Loft 313, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 , 8400 Winterthur , Switzerland
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