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Hojo M, Tanaka K. Single-pass generation of widely-tunable frequency-domain entangled photon pairs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:1902-1913. [PMID: 38297732 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a technique that generates frequency-entangled photon pairs with strong polarization correlation by using a single-period nonlinear crystal and single pass configuration. The technique is based on the simultaneous occurrence of two spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes satisfying independent type-II collinear quasi-phase matching conditions in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate. The generated photon pairs exhibit non-degenerate Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, indicating the presence of quantum entanglement in the frequency domain. This method provides a light source capable of wide-range quantum sensing and quantum imaging or high-dimensional quantum processing.
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Lu HH, Alshowkan M, Myilswamy KV, Weiner AM, Lukens JM, Peters NA. Generation and characterization of ultrabroadband polarization-frequency hyperentangled photons. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:6031-6034. [PMID: 37966781 DOI: 10.1364/ol.503127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We generate ultrabroadband photon pairs entangled in both polarization and frequency bins through an all-waveguided Sagnac source covering the entire optical C- and L-bands (1530-1625 nm). We perform comprehensive characterization of high-fidelity states in multiple dense wavelength-division multiplexed channels, achieving full tomography of effective four-qubit systems. Additionally, leveraging the inherent high dimensionality of frequency encoding and our electro-optic measurement approach, we demonstrate the scalability of our system to higher dimensions, reconstructing states in a 36-dimensional Hilbert space consisting of two polarization qubits and two frequency-bin qutrits. Our findings hold potential significance for quantum networking, particularly dense coding and entanglement distillation in wavelength-multiplexed quantum networks.
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Chiriano F, Ho J, Morrison CL, Webb JW, Pickston A, Graffitti F, Fedrizzi A. Hyper-entanglement between pulse modes and frequency bins. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:35131-35142. [PMID: 37859251 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-entanglement between two or more photonic degrees of freedom (DOF) can enhance and enable new quantum protocols by allowing each DOF to perform the task it is optimally suited for. Here we demonstrate the generation of photon pairs hyper-entangled between pulse modes and frequency bins. The pulse modes are generated via parametric downconversion in a domain-engineered crystal and subsequently entangled to two frequency bins via a spectral mapping technique. The resulting hyper-entangled state is characterized and verified via measurement of its joint spectral intensity and non-classical two-photon interference patterns from which we infer its spectral phase. The protocol combines the robustness to loss, intrinsic high dimensionality and compatibility with standard fiber-optic networks of the energy-time DOF with the ability of hyper-entanglement to increase the capacity and efficiency of the quantum channel, already exploited in recent experimental applications in both quantum information and quantum computation.
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Guo Y, Yang ZX, Zeng ZQ, Ding C, Shimizu R, Jin RB. Comparison of multi-mode Hong-Ou-Mandel interference and multi-slit interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32849-32864. [PMID: 37859078 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference of multi-mode frequency entangled states plays a crucial role in quantum metrology. However, as the number of modes increases, the HOM interference pattern becomes increasingly complex, making it challenging to comprehend intuitively. To overcome this problem, we present the theory and simulation of multi-mode-HOM interference (MM-HOMI) and compare it to multi-slit interference (MSI). We find that these two interferences have a strong mapping relationship and are determined by two factors: the envelope factor and the details factor. The envelope factor is contributed by the single-mode HOM interference (single-slit diffraction) for MM-HOMI (MSI). The details factor is given by sin (Nx)/sin (x) ([sin (Nv)/sin (v)]2) for MM-HOMI (MSI), where N is the mode (slit) number and x (v) is the phase spacing of two adjacent spectral modes (slits). As a potential application, we demonstrate that the square root of the maximal Fisher information in MM-HOMI increases linearly with the number of modes, indicating that MM-HOMI is a powerful tool for enhancing precision in time estimation. We also discuss multi-mode Mach-Zehnder interference, multi-mode NOON-state interference, and the extended Wiener-Khinchin theorem. This work may provide an intuitive understanding of MM-HOMI patterns and promote the application of MM-HOMI in quantum metrology.
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Yang ZX, Zeng ZQ, Tian Y, Wang S, Shimizu R, Wu HY, Liu S, Jin RB. Spatial-spectral mapping to prepare frequency entangled qudits. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2361-2364. [PMID: 37126274 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Entangled qudits, the high-dimensional entangled states, play an important role in the study of quantum information. How to prepare entangled qudits in an efficient and easy-to-operate manner is still a challenge in quantum technology. Here, we demonstrate a method to engineer frequency entangled qudits in a spontaneous parametric downconversion process. The proposal employs an angle-dependent phase-matching condition in a nonlinear crystal, which forms a classical-quantum mapping between the spatial (pump) and spectral (biphotons) degrees of freedom. In particular, the pump profile is separated into several bins in the spatial domain, and thus shapes the down-converted biphotons into discrete frequency modes in the joint spectral space. Our approach provides a feasible and efficient method to prepare a high-dimensional frequency entangled state. As an experimental demonstration, we generate a three-dimensional entangled state by using a homemade variable slit mask.
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Zhang Y, England D, Nomerotski A, Sussman B. High speed imaging of spectral-temporal correlations in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:28217-28227. [PMID: 34614958 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate spectral-temporal correlation measurements of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference effect with the use of a spectrometer based on a photon-counting camera. This setup allows us to take, within seconds, spectral temporal correlation measurements on entangled photon sources with sub-nanometer spectral resolution and nanosecond timing resolution. Through post processing, we can observe the HOM behaviour for any number of spectral filters of any shape and width at any wavelength over the observable spectral range. Our setup also offers great versatility in that it is capable of operating at a wide spectral range from the visible to the near infrared and does not require a pulsed pump laser for timing purposes. This work offers the ability to gain large amounts of spectral and temporal information from a HOM interferometer quickly and efficiently and will be a very useful tool for many quantum technology applications and fundamental quantum optics research.
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Chen C, Shapiro JH, Wong FNC. Experimental Demonstration of Conjugate-Franson Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:093603. [PMID: 34506171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Franson interferometry is a well-known quantum measurement technique for probing photon-pair frequency correlations that is often used to certify time-energy entanglement. We demonstrate, for the first time, the complementary technique in the time basis called conjugate-Franson interferometry. It measures photon-pair arrival-time correlations, thus providing a valuable addition to the quantum toolbox. We obtain a conjugate-Franson interference visibility of 96±1% without background subtraction for entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Our measured result surpasses the quantum-classical threshold by 25 standard deviations and validates the conjugate-Franson interferometer (CFI) as an alternative method for certifying time-energy entanglement. Moreover, the CFI visibility is a function of the biphoton's joint temporal intensity, and is therefore sensitive to that state's spectral phase variation: something that is not the case for Franson interferometry or Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry. We highlight the CFI's utility by measuring its visibilities for two different biphoton states: one without and the other with spectral phase variation, observing a 21% reduction in the CFI visibility for the latter. The CFI is potentially useful for applications in areas of photonic entanglement, quantum communications, and quantum networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchen Chen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Shapiro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Franco N C Wong
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Abstract
Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is known to be one of the main phenomena in quantum optics. It is believed that the effect occurs when two identical single-photon waves enter a 1:1 beam splitter, one in each input port. When the photons are identical, they will extinguish each other. In this work, it is shown that these fundamental provisions of the HOM interference may not always be fulfilled. One of the main elements of the HOM interferometer is the beam splitter, which has its own coefficients of reflection \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R = 1/2$$\end{document}R=1/2 and transmission \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ T = 1/2 $$\end{document}T=1/2. Here we consider the general mechanism of the interaction of two photons in a beam splitter, which shows that in the HOM theory of the effect it is necessary to know (including when planning the experiment) not only \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ R = 1/2 $$\end{document}R=1/2 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ T = 1/2 $$\end{document}T=1/2, but also their root-mean-square fluctuations \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \Delta R ^ 2, \Delta T ^ 2 $$\end{document}ΔR2,ΔT2, which arise due to the dependence of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R = R(\omega _1, \omega _2) $$\end{document}R=R(ω1,ω2) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ T = T (\omega _1, \omega _2) $$\end{document}T=T(ω1,ω2) on the frequencies where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\omega _1, \omega _2$$\end{document}ω1,ω2 are the frequencies of the first and second photons, respectively. Under certain conditions, specifically when the dependence of the fluctuations \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \Delta R^2 $$\end{document}ΔR2 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \Delta T^2 $$\end{document}ΔT2 can be neglected and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ R=T=1/2 $$\end{document}R=T=1/2 is chosen, the developed theory coincides with previously known results.
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Imany P, Lingaraju NB, Alshaykh MS, Leaird DE, Weiner AM. Probing quantum walks through coherent control of high-dimensionally entangled photons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba8066. [PMID: 32832628 PMCID: PMC7439509 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Control over the duration of a quantum walk is critical to unlocking its full potential for quantum search and the simulation of many-body physics. Here we report quantum walks of biphoton frequency combs where the duration of the walk, or circuit depth, is tunable over a continuous range without any change to the physical footprint of the system-a feature absent from previous photonic implementations. In our platform, entangled photon pairs hop between discrete frequency modes with the coupling between these modes mediated by electro-optic modulation of the waveguide refractive index. Through control of the phase across different modes, we demonstrate a rich variety of behavior: from walks exhibiting enhanced ballistic transport or strong energy confinement, to subspaces featuring scattering centers or local traps. We also explore the role of entanglement dimensionality in the creation of energy bound states, which illustrates the potential for these walks to quantify high-dimensional entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poolad Imany
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Navin B. Lingaraju
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohammed S. Alshaykh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel E. Leaird
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrew M. Weiner
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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