1
|
Xu C, He Y, Chen Y, Zhang K, Lv X, Ning J, Zhao G, Zhu S. Stable Q-switched and femtosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on a CuSe nanosheets saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:11509-11521. [PMID: 38570996 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Stable Q-switched and femtosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) have been achieved using CuSe nanosheets as novel saturable absorber (SA), where the CuSe nanosheets were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The nonlinear optical properties of CuSe nanosheets were measured using an Z-scan setup, revealing nonlinear absorption coefficients of -3.67 ± 0.22 cm GW-1 at 1560 nm. The prepared CuSe nanosheets were mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to obtain a CuSe-PVA SA with a modulation depth of 3.8 ± 0.13%, and it was utilized to realize a Q-switched EDFL, obtaining the narrowest pulse duration of 1.29 µs and the maximum output power of 5.96 mW, which corresponds to a pulse energy of up to 103.7 nJ. In addition, CuSe nanosheets were deposited on a D-shaped fiber (DSF) to fabricate a CuSe-DSF SA with a modulation depth of 5.6 ± 0.17%, and it was utilized to realize a mode-locked EDFL. The mode-locked EDFL demonstrated a low threshold of only 42 mW, a pulse duration of 740 fs, and a maximum output power of 9.7 mW. Meanwhile, it exhibited a high signal-to-noise ratio of 72 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time of CuSe nanosheets as SA in EDFL. The results demonstrate that CuSe nanosheets are a highly promising nonlinear optical material with great potential for applications in ultrafast photonics.
Collapse
|
2
|
Han Y, Fan W, Zhao X, Wang L, He Y, Tang Y, Zhang H, Wang G, Zhang W, Bai C, Lu C, Fu S. Germanene saturable absorber for mode-locked operation in an all-fiber laser with multiple dispersion environments. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:865-873. [PMID: 38294403 DOI: 10.1364/ao.513713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a high-quality germanene-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) with a modulation depth of 3.05% and a saturation intensity of 17.95M W/c m 2 was prepared. Stable conventional mode-locking and harmonic mode-locking (HML) were achieved in germanene-based Er-doped fiber lasers (EDFL) using dispersion management techniques. In a cavity with a net dispersion value of -0.22p s 2, the conventional soliton had a center wavelength of 1558.2 nm, a repetition frequency of 19.09 MHz, and a maximum 3 dB spectrum bandwidth of 3.5 nm. The highest repetition frequencies achieved in cavities with net dispersion values of -2.81p s 2, -1.73p s 2, and -1.09p s 2 were 9.48 MHz, 12.75 MHz, and 12.10 MHz for HML, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of dispersion, power, and the polarization state on HML were systematically investigated. Our research results fully demonstrate the capability of germanene as an optical modulator in generating conventional mode-locked and harmonic mode-locked solitons. This provides meaningful references for promoting its application in ultrafast fiber lasers.
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng H, Zhang Y, Yang X, Yu Q, Wang P, Yang Z, Dai Y, Pang X, Wang X, Wu J, Zhou P. Magnetic Topological Insulator MnBi 2Te 4 Nanosheets for Femtosecond Pulse Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47250-47259. [PMID: 37751475 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The van der Waals layered material MnBi2Te4, as a magnetic topological insulator, has attracted tremendous interest for novel physics research in the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science. However, the nonlinear optical properties of MnBi2Te4 and its applications in ultrafast optics have rarely been explored. In this study, high-quality MnBi2Te4 nanosheets have been successfully synthesized by the self-flux method. The morphology, chemical composition, magnetic properties, and nonlinear optical characteristics were systematically investigated. The magnetic transition of MnBi2Te4 was confirmed by a low-temperature spatially resolved spectroscopic technique. The saturable absorption property of MnBi2Te4 was measured by a balanced twin-detector system with a modulation depth of 4.5% and a saturation optical intensity of 2.35 GW/cm2. Furthermore, by inserting the MnBi2Te4-based saturable absorber, a soliton mode-locking laser operating at 1558.8 nm was obtained with a pulse duration of 331 fs. This research will pave the way for applications of the magnetic TI MnBi2Te4 in nonlinear optics and photonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Deng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Pengdong Wang
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixin Yang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yongping Dai
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiuyang Pang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Pu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zuikafly SNF, Ahmad H, Ismail MF, Abdul Rahman MA, Yahya WJ, Abu Husain N, Abu Kassim KA, Yahaya H, Ahmad F. Dual Regime Mode-Locked and Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser by Employing Graphene Filament-Chitin Film-Based Passive Saturable Absorber. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051048. [PMID: 37241671 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of high energy dual regime unidirectional Erbium-doped fiber laser in ring cavity, which is passively Q-switched and mode-locked through the use of an environmentally friendly graphene filament-chitin film-based saturable absorber. The graphene-chitin passive saturable absorber allows the option for different operating regimes of the laser by simple adjustment of the input pump power, yielding, simultaneously, highly stable and high energy Q-switched pulses at 82.08 nJ and 1.08 ps mode-locked pulses. The finding can have applications in a multitude of fields due to its versatility and the regime of operation that is on demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Fatin Zuikafly
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Harith Ahmad
- Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Ismail
- Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Wira Jazair Yahya
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Nurulakmar Abu Husain
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | | | - Hafizal Yahaya
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Fauzan Ahmad
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang S, Sheng Q, Wang Y, Chen S, Ye F, Yang F, Sun S, Sui Z, Bai C, Lu C, Fu S, Zhang H, Zhang W, Wang G. Generation of bright-dark solitons in an Er-doped fiber laser employing InSb as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1921-1926. [PMID: 37133075 DOI: 10.1364/ao.478859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an indium antimonide (InSb) saturable absorber (SA) was successfully fabricated. The saturable absorption properties of the InSb SA were studied, and they show a modulation depth and a saturable intensity of 5.17% and 9.23M W/c m 2, respectively. By employing the InSb SA and building the ring cavity laser structure, the bright-dark soliton operations were successfully obtained by increasing the pump power to 100.4 mW and adjusting the polarization controller. As the pump power increased from 100.4 to 180.3 mW, the average output power increased from 4.69 to 9.42 mW, the corresponding fundamental repetition rate was 2.85 MHz, and the signal-to-noise ratio was 68 dB. The experimental results show that InSb with excellent saturable absorption characteristics can be used as a SA to obtain pulse lasers. Therefore, InSb has important potential in fiber laser generation, further applications in optoelectronics, laser distance ranging, and optical fiber communication, and it can be widely developed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Z, Wu D, Lin W, Li Z, Dai S. Simulation of the generation conditions and influence parameters of a self-mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:5882-5892. [PMID: 36823859 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The generation conditions and influence parameters of self-mode-locked pulses in fiber lasers are theoretically studied. By establishing the simulation model of a self-mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with a high-concentration erbium-doped fiber-based saturable absorber (SA), the effect of gain saturation energy, orientation angles of the polarizer and analyzer with respect to the fast axis of the fiber, laser coupling output ratio, dispersion value and condition on the self-mode-locked pulse generation and performances are quantitatively analyzed. The result shows that a low laser coupling output ratio can help the formation of a self-mode-locked pulse. The anomalous dispersion self-mode-locked EDFL has a relative high tolerance for dispersion value change but requires high gain energy for mode-locked pulse generation. The normal dispersion one possesses a low mode-locked pulse formation threshold but is relative polarization sensitive. This study is of important reference significance for the investigation of mode-locked fiber lasers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sheng Q, Tang S, Ye F, Wang Y, Chen S, Bai C, Lu C, Zhang H, Fu S, Wang G, Zhang W. Passively mode-locked fiber laser based on GeTe as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:9379-9385. [PMID: 36606884 DOI: 10.1364/ao.475019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we fabricate a saturable absorber based on GeTe with saturation intensity and modulation depth of 12.6M W/c m 2 and 7%, respectively. We obtain stable conventional soliton and stretched soliton mode-locking operation. For the conventional soliton state, the average output power increased from 0.93 to 8.70 mW with the increase of pump power, and the fundamental repetition rate was 7.8351 MHz. Its central wavelength and 3 dB bandwidth were 1564.72 and 4.78 nm, respectively. For the stretched soliton state, when the pump power was increased from 87.4 to 420.3 mW, the average output power increased from 2.05 to 10.46 mW. When the maximum average output power reached 10.46 mW, the maximum average single-pulse energy was 0.86 nJ. The experimental results show that GeTe nanosheets will have broad application potential in the field of ultrafast photonics.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sui Z, Zhu M, Chen S, Yang F, Wang Y, Sun S, Hong Z, Fan W, Zhang W, Zhang H, Chen X, Wang G, Fu S. Generation of bright-dark soliton pairs based on a ferromagnetic insulator Cr 2Si 2Te 6 as a modulator in an Er-doped fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3254-3259. [PMID: 35471305 DOI: 10.1364/ao.453675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a saturable absorber (SA) based on Cr2Si2Te6 (CST), with a modulation depth of 14.90% and saturation intensity of 4.81MW/cm2, was prepared by a liquid phase stripping method. Its nonlinear optical properties and application in obtaining mode-locked pulse output of bright-dark solitons are studied. When the pump power was 1250 mW, the maximum output power was 26.60 mW; the energy of the single pulse was 15.02 nJ, and the repetition rate was 1.77 MHz. Our results provided evidence that CST can be used as an excellent SA for a mode-locked laser and demonstrated that ferromagnetic insulators can be used for the study of bright-dark soliton pairs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang F, Sun S, Chen S, Wang Y, Sui Z, Zhu M, Hong Z, Xu J, Tang S, Lu C, Wang G, Fu S, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhang W. Passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on a ferromagnetic insulator Cr 2Si 2Te 6 as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:898-903. [PMID: 35201058 DOI: 10.1364/ao.448502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In our work, a new-type, to the best of our knowledge, ferromagnetic insulator and its nonlinear optical absorption characteristics and related ultrafast modulation applications were investigated. Cr2Si2Te6 saturable absorbers (SAs) with a modulation depth and a saturable intensity of 9.7% and 3.5MW/cm2 were fabricated. By adjusting the pump power to 120 mW and optimizing the polarization state, traditional soliton operations were obtained successfully; the corresponding duration of pulse and the fundamental repetition rate were ∼1.33ps and 6.70 MHz, and the signal-to-noise ratio was 50 dB. The experimental results reveal that Cr2Si2Te6 with excellent saturable absorption characteristics can be used as a SA to obtain ultrafast pulse lasers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu Q, Chen L, Wu Z, Yao Y. Multistate transformations of a femtosecond fiber laser based on a pure fiber saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:7821-7827. [PMID: 34613257 DOI: 10.1364/ao.432369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The graded index multimode-fiber step-index multimode fiber-graded index multimode fiber (GIMF-SIMF-GIMF) structure was designed as a saturable absorber (SA). To obtain optical pulses that meet the requirements of different applications, the multistate transformations of a femtosecond fiber laser based on GIMF-SIMF-GIMF SA were numerically and experimentally researched. The fiber laser can self-start mode-locking; its fundamental repetition rate of fiber laser is 10.35 MHz. The fiber laser can deliver three different optical pulses, namely, the conventional soliton, second-order bound state, and noise-like pulse. The duration of soliton is 421.2 fs; the energy of noise-like pulse is 197.10 pJ. The experimental and simulated results show that the output states of the fiber laser can be switched by adjusting the pump power.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li L, Pang L, Wang Y, Liu W. W xNb (1-x)Se 2 nanosheets for ultrafast photonics. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2511-2518. [PMID: 33474558 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08580d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ternary transition metal chalcogenides (TTMDCs), a novel type of two-dimensional (2D) three-element materials, possess multiple physical and chemical properties and have promising potentials in basic physics and devices. Herein, the usage of WxNb(1-x)Se2 nanosheets as a rising ultrafast photonic device to generate high power mode-locked and Q-switched pulses in a fiber laser is demonstrated. The WxNb(1-x)Se2 nanosheets were successfully prepared by the liquid exfoliation method with thickness less than 3 nm. The nonlinear optical absorption of the WxNb(1-x)Se2-based device was investigated with the saturable intensity of 40.93 MW cm-2 and modulation depth of 5.43%. After integrating the WxNb(1-x)Se2-based device into an Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser cavity, mode-locking and Q-switching laser pulses were formed. In the mode-locked mechanism output, the pulse width is as narrow as 131 fs and the output power is 52.93 mW. In Q-switched operation, the shortest pulse duration is 1.47 μs with the largest pulse energy of 257 nJ. Compared to recent studies, our results showed some improvements. This study suggests that 2D TTMDC-based devices could be developed as efficient ultrafast photonics candidates and widely used in nonlinear optical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
| | - Lihui Pang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li L, Wang Y, Jin W, Zhao Q, Su Y. Indium selenide saturable absorber for high-energy nanosecond Q-switched pulse generation. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:427-432. [PMID: 33448968 DOI: 10.1364/ao.414750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of III/VI group compound 2D layered material, indium selenide (In2Se3) has attracted tremendous interest because of its favorable optoelectronic characteristics. Here, magnetron sputtering deposition (MSD) technology was employed to prepare an In2Se3-based saturable absorber (SA). The nonlinear optical properties of this SA, whose modulation depth (ΔT) is 6.18%, were studied. With the aid of its saturable absorption, a stable two-wavelength Q-switching Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser was established. When pump power was adjusted to 900 mW, the output power was increased to 63.84 mW. The shortest pulse duration and maximum pulse energy were estimated to be 556 ns and 376 nJ, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio of 70 dB proves this fiber laser has high stability. In comparison with previous works, the laser performance in this study is improved significantly. These results indicate that the In2Se3 holds promise as an outstanding candidate for high-energy pulse generation and will advance the development of In2Se3-based nonlinear photonics devices.
Collapse
|