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Vijayakumar S, Vyas K, Espinosa DHG, Reshef O, Song M, Awan KM, Choudhary S, Cardenas J, Boyd RW, Dolgaleva K. Phase-matched third-harmonic generation in silicon nitride waveguides. NANOPHOTONICS 2024; 13:3385-3393. [PMID: 39185486 PMCID: PMC11340998 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Third-harmonic generation (THG) in silicon nitride waveguides is an ideal source of coherent visible light, suited for ultrafast pulse characterization, telecom signal monitoring and self-referenced comb generation due to its relatively large nonlinear susceptibility and CMOS compatibility. We demonstrate third-harmonic generation in silicon nitride waveguides where a fundamental transverse mode at 1,596 nm is phase-matched to a TM02 mode at 532 nm, confirmed by the far-field image. We experimentally measure the waveguide width-dependent phase-matched wavelength with a peak-power-normalized conversion efficiency of 5.78 × 10-7 %/W2 over a 660-μm-long interaction length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Vijayakumar
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Dr, Rochester, NY14627, USA
| | - Kaustubh Vyas
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Daniel H. G. Espinosa
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Orad Reshef
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Meiting Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kashif Masud Awan
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO63130, USA
| | - Saumya Choudhary
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Dr, Rochester, NY14627, USA
| | - Jaime Cardenas
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Dr, Rochester, NY14627, USA
| | - Robert W. Boyd
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Dr, Rochester, NY14627, USA
| | - Ksenia Dolgaleva
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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Ding T, Tang Y, Li H, Liu S, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Chen X. Noncritical birefringence phase-matched second harmonic generation in a lithium-niobate-on-insulator micro-waveguide for green light emission. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1121-1124. [PMID: 38426953 DOI: 10.1364/ol.519484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) holds great potential for frequency conversion, where a variety of high-performance nonlinear devices based on different structures has been demonstrated. Here, we report on second harmonic generation (SHG) in MgO-doped LNOI ridge micro-waveguides for efficient green light emission, via an exact type-I noncritical birefringence phase matching (BPM). The LNOI micro-waveguide has a cross section of ∼3×4 μm2, featuring low coupling loss with lens fiber. The normalized conversion efficiency from a continuous-wave (cw) pump to its second harmonic is measured to be 37%/Wcm2 in a single-pass configuration. The device shows both relatively high efficiency and a void of periodic poling, offering a potential solution for efficient and scalable green light sources and frequency converters.
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