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Yang L, Hu J, Niu H, Wu S, Qiao Z, Feng G, Yang C, Zhang G, Qin C, Chen R, Xiao L, Jia S. Three-dimensional quantum imaging of dynamic targets using quantum compressed sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6025-6036. [PMID: 38439315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Quantum imaging based on entangled light sources exhibits enhanced background resistance compared to conventional imaging techniques in low-light conditions. However, direct imaging of dynamic targets remains challenging due to the limited count rate of entangled photons. In this paper, we propose a quantum imaging method based on quantum compressed sensing that leverages the strong correlation characteristics of entangled photons and the randomness inherent in photon pair generation and detection. This approach enables the construction of a compressed sensing system capable of directly imaging high-speed dynamic targets. The results demonstrate that our system successfully achieves imaging of a target rotating at a frequency of 10 kHz, while maintaining an impressive data compression rate of 10-6. This proposed method introduces a pioneering approach for the practical implementation of quantum imaging in real-world scenarios.
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Wu M, Zhao X, Chen R, Zhang L, He W, Chen Q. Enhancing LiDAR performance using threshold photon-number-resolving detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:2574-2589. [PMID: 38297783 DOI: 10.1364/oe.509252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is widely used to reconstruct 3D scenes. Nevertheless, depth and reflectivity maps obtained by single-photon detection usually suffer from noise problems. Threshold LiDAR techniques using photon-number-resolving detectors were proposed to suppress noise by filtering low photon numbers, but these techniques renounce multiple levels of information and could not be compatible when it comes to high-noise low-signal regime. In this manuscript, we propose a detection scheme which combines the noise suppression of threshold detection with the signal amplification of photon-number-resolving detectors to further enhance LiDAR performance. The enhancement attained is compared to single-photon and threshold detection schemes under a wide range of signal and noise conditions, in terms of signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), detection rate and false alarm rate, which are key metrics for LiDAR. Extensive simulations and real-world experiments show that the proposed scheme can reconstruct better depth and reflectivity maps. These results enable the development of high-efficient and low-noise LiDAR systems.
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Shafi KM, Padhye A, Chandrashekar CM. Quantum illumination using polarization-path entangled single photons for low reflectivity object detection in a noisy background. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32093-32104. [PMID: 37859019 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Detecting object with low reflectivity embedded within a noisy background is a challenging task. Quantum correlations between pairs of quantum states of light, though are highly sensitive to background noise and losses, offer advantages over traditional illumination methods. Instead of using correlated photon pairs which are sensitive, we experimentally demonstrate the advantage of using heralded single-photons entangled in polarization and path degree of freedom for quantum illumination. In the study, the object of different reflectivity is placed along the path of the signal in a variable thermal background before taking the joint measurements and calculating the quantum correlations. We show the significant advantage of using non-interferometric measurements along the multiple paths for single photon to isolate the signal from the background noise and outperform in detecting and ranging the low reflectivity objects even when the signal-to-noise ratio is as low as 0.03. Decrease in visibility of polarization along the signal path also results in similar observations. This will have direct relevance to the development of single-photon based quantum LiDAR and quantum imaging.
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Fuenzalida J, Gilaberte Basset M, Töpfer S, Torres JP, Gräfe M. Experimental quantum imaging distillation with undetected light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg9573. [PMID: 37647398 PMCID: PMC10468131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Imaging based on the induced coherence effect makes use of photon pairs to obtain information of an object without detecting the light that probes it. While one photon illuminates the object, only its partner is detected, so no measurement of coincidence events is needed. The sought-after object's information is revealed, observing a certain interference pattern on the detected photon. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that this imaging technique can be made resilient to noise. We introduce an imaging distillation approach based on the interferometric modulation of the signal of interest. We show that our scheme can generate a high-quality image of an object even against noise levels up to 250 times the actual signal of interest. We also include a detailed theoretical explanation of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Fuenzalida
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marta Gilaberte Basset
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Töpfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Juan P. Torres
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Gräfe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Qian G, Xu X, Zhu SA, Xu C, Gao F, Yakovlev VV, Liu X, Zhu SY, Wang DW. Quantum Induced Coherence Light Detection and Ranging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:033603. [PMID: 37540869 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.033603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum illumination has been proposed and demonstrated to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in light detection and ranging (LiDAR). When relying on coincidence detection alone, such a quantum LiDAR is limited by the timing jitter of the detector and suffers from jamming noise. Inspired by the Zou-Wang-Mandel experiment, we design, construct, and validate a quantum induced coherence (QuIC) LiDAR which is inherently immune to ambient and jamming noises. In traditional LiDAR the direct detection of the reflected probe photons suffers from deteriorating SNR for increasing background noise. In QuIC LiDAR we circumvent this obstacle by only detecting the entangled reference photons, whose single-photon interference fringes are used to obtain the distance of the object, while the reflected probe photons are used to erase path information of the reference photons. In consequence, the noise accompanying the reflected probe light has no effect on the detected signal. We demonstrate such noise resilience with both LED and laser light to mimic the background and jamming noise. The proposed method paves a new way of battling noise in precise quantum electromagnetic sensing and ranging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gewei Qian
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xingqi Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shun-An Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenran Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei Gao
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - V V Yakovlev
- Texas A&M University, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Gili VF, Dupish D, Vega A, Gandola M, Manuzzato E, Perenzoni M, Gasparini L, Pertsch T, Setzpfandt F. Quantum ghost imaging based on a "looking back" 2D SPAD array. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:3093-3099. [PMID: 37133155 DOI: 10.1364/ao.487084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum ghost imaging (QGI) is an intriguing imaging protocol that exploits photon-pair correlations stemming from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). QGI retrieves images from two-path joint measurements, where single-path detection does not allow us to reconstruct the target image. Here we report on a QGI implementation exploiting a two-dimensional (2D) single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector for the spatially resolving path. Moreover, the employment of non-degenerate SPDC allows us to investigate samples at infrared wavelengths without the need for short-wave infrared (SWIR) cameras, while the spatial detection can be still performed in the visible region, where the more advanced silicon-based technology can be exploited. Our findings advance QGI schemes towards practical applications.
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Zhang Y, England D, Sussman B. Snapshot hyperspectral imaging with quantum correlated photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:2282-2291. [PMID: 36785245 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has a wide range of applications from environmental monitoring to biotechnology. Conventional snapshot HSI techniques generally require a trade-off between spatial and spectral resolution and are thus limited in their ability to achieve high resolutions in both simultaneously. Most techniques are also resource inefficient with most of the photons lost through spectral filtering. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle snapshot HSI technique utilizing the strong spectro-temporal correlations inherent in entangled photons using a modified quantum ghost spectroscopy system, where the target is directly imaged with one photon and the spectral information gained through ghost spectroscopy from the partner photon. As only a few rows of pixels near the edge of the camera are used for the spectrometer, effectively no spatial resolution is sacrificed for spectral. Also since no spectral filtering is required, all photons contribute to the HSI process making the technique much more resource efficient.
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