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Yang L, Guo R, Gao F, Guan Y, Zhang M, Wang P. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding Performance and Photoelectric Characteristics of ZnS Infrared Window. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 18:1067. [PMID: 40077297 PMCID: PMC11901063 DOI: 10.3390/ma18051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
ZnS material shows great application prospects in fields such as infrared windows, fairings, and lenses. In this study, a crack template method was developed to prepare gold meshes with random structures on ZnS optical window. The crack template and gold meshes structures were designed from a completely new perspective focusing on the period and line width ratio. Then, four different structural parameters of the gold mesh were fabricated using the crack template method, their ratios of the aperture to line width were 16.1, 17.4, 18.0, and 19.0. The templates' morphology and structural traits were examined via optical and laser confocal microscopy. The sample with a ratio of aperture to line width of 16.0 had the best connectivity and the highest coverage, at 15.33%, while the sample with a ratio of aperture to line width of 19.0 had the lowest coverage, at 11.64%. Gold meshes were deposited using these templates, where an increase in the aperture-to-line width ratio resulted in average transmittances of 57.1% and 63.2% over the 2-10 μm range. The electromagnetic shielding efficiency surpassed 22.5 dB within the 1-18 GHz range, while the 1#-mesh, with an aperture-to-line width ratio of 16.0, achieved 33.2 dB at 1 GHz. This research endeavor contributes significantly to advancing the understanding of the ZnS glass' optoelectric performance and enhances their potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Optical Science and Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, China; (L.Y.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Rongxing Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Fei Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Optical Science and Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, China; (L.Y.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yongmao Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Optical Science and Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, China; (L.Y.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Pengfei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Optical Science and Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, China; (L.Y.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
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Guan Y, Yang L, Chen C, Wan R, Guo C, Wang P. Regulable crack patterns for the fabrication of high-performance transparent EMI shielding windows. iScience 2025; 28:111543. [PMID: 39807168 PMCID: PMC11729037 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Crack pattern-based metal grid film is an ideal candidate material for transparent electromagnetic interference shielding optical windows. However, achieving crack patterns with narrow grid spacing, small wire width, and high connectivity remains challenging. Herein, an aqueous acrylic colloidal dispersion was developed as a crack precursor for preparing crack patterns. The ratio of hard monomers in the precursor, the coating thickness, and the drying mediation strategy were systematically varied to control the spacing and width of the crack patterns. The resulting dense and narrow crack patterns served as sacrificial templates for the fabrication of patterning metal grid films on transparent substrates, intended for optoelectronic applications. These films demonstrated excellent optoelectronic properties (82.7% transmission at 550 nm visible light, sheet resistance 4.1 Ω/sq) and strong EMI shielding effectiveness (average shielding effectiveness 33.6 dB at 1-18 GHz), showcasing their potential as a scalable and effective transparent EMI shielding solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Rui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zarei M, Li M, Medvedeva EE, Sharma S, Kim J, Shao Z, Walker SB, LeMieux M, Liu Q, Leu PW. Flexible Embedded Metal Meshes by Sputter-Free Crack Lithography for Transparent Electrodes and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6382-6393. [PMID: 38279914 PMCID: PMC10859897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
A facile and novel fabrication method is demonstrated for creating flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-embedded silver meshes using crack lithography, reactive ion etching (RIE), and reactive silver ink. The crack width and spacing in a waterborne acrylic emulsion polymer are controlled by the thickness of the polymer and the applied stress due to heating and evaporation. Our innovative fabrication technique eliminates the need for sputtering and ensures stronger adhesion of the metal meshes to the PET substrate. Crack trench depths over 5 μm and line widths under 5 μm have been achieved. As a transparent electrode, our flexible embedded Ag meshes exhibit a visible transmission of 91.3% and sheet resistance of 0.54 Ω/sq as well as 93.7% and 1.4 Ω/sq. This performance corresponds to figures of merit (σDC/σOP) of 7500 and 4070, respectively. For transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, the metal meshes achieve a shielding efficiency (SE) of 42 dB with 91.3% visible transmission and an EMI SE of 37.4 dB with 93.7% visible transmission. We demonstrate the highest transparent electrode performance of crack lithography approaches in the literature and the highest flexible transparent EMI shielding performance of all fabrication approaches in the literature. These metal meshes may have applications in transparent electrodes, EMI shielding, solar cells, and organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zarei
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Elizabeth E. Medvedeva
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Sooraj Sharma
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jungtaek Kim
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zefan Shao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - S. Brett Walker
- Electroninks
Incorporated, Austin, Texas 78744, United States
| | - Melbs LeMieux
- Electroninks
Incorporated, Austin, Texas 78744, United States
| | - Qihan Liu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Paul W. Leu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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