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Alghannam FS. Quasi-phase matching using frozen waves without periodic poling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37740-37748. [PMID: 38017897 DOI: 10.1364/oe.502902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we show that quasi-phase matching can be accomplished by manipulating one of the pump beams without any periodic poling. We analyze a simple case wherein one of the interacting beams has a periodic pattern, and the others are assumed to be planewaves. We present comparisons of the efficiency of some nonlinear processes with quasi-phase matching achieved through our method and the conventional method. We demonstrate that some patterns of the pump beam can be more efficient than conventional periodic poling.
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Wöstmann M, Splitthoff L, Zacharias H. Control of quasi-phase-matching of high-harmonics in a spatially structured plasma. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:14524-14537. [PMID: 29877488 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.014524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation is widely used for providing extreme ultraviolet radiation in attosecond science. Such experiments include photoelectron spectroscopy, diffractive imaging, or the investigation of spin dynamics. Many applications are restricted by a low photon flux which originates from the low efficiency of the generation process. In this article an effective method based on the quasi-phase-matched generation of high harmonics in spatially structured, laser ablated plasma is demonstrated. Through a proper dimensioning of the plasma structure, the harmonic yield is optimized for a controllable range of harmonic orders. By using four coherent zones, the intensity of a single harmonic is increased to a maximal possible value of 16 compared to using a single zone. The Gouy phase shift of the fundamental field is identified as the primary effect responsible for constructive interference of the harmonic fields generated in the individual plasma jets of the plasma structure.
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Orieux A, Versteegh MAM, Jöns KD, Ducci S. Semiconductor devices for entangled photon pair generation: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:076001. [PMID: 28346219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is one of the most fascinating properties of quantum mechanical systems; when two particles are entangled the measurement of the properties of one of the two allows the properties of the other to be instantaneously known, whatever the distance separating them. In parallel with fundamental research on the foundations of quantum mechanics performed on complex experimental set-ups, we assist today with bourgeoning of quantum information technologies bound to exploit entanglement for a large variety of applications such as secure communications, metrology and computation. Among the different physical systems under investigation, those involving photonic components are likely to play a central role and in this context semiconductor materials exhibit a huge potential in terms of integration of several quantum components in miniature chips. In this article we review the recent progress in the development of semiconductor devices emitting entangled photons. We will present the physical processes allowing the generation of entanglement and the tools to characterize it; we will give an overview of major recent results of the last few years and highlight perspectives for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Orieux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. IRIF UMR 8243, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
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Guillemé P, Vallet M, Stodolna J, Ponchet A, Cornet C, Létoublon A, Féron P, Durand O, Léger Y, Dumeige Y. Antiphase domain tailoring for combination of modal and 4¯ -quasi-phase matching in gallium phosphide microdisks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:14608-14617. [PMID: 27410613 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.014608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel phase-matching scheme in GaP whispering-gallery-mode microdisks grown on Si substrate combining modal and 4¯ -quasi-phase-matching for second-harmonic-generation. The technique consists in unlocking parity-forbidden processes by tailoring the antiphase domain distribution in the GaP layer. Our proposal can be used to overcome the limitations of form birefringence phase-matching and 4¯ -quasi-phase-matching using high order whispering-gallery-modes. The high frequency conversion efficiency of this new scheme demonstrates the competitiveness of nonlinear photonic devices monolithically integrated on silicon.
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Abolghasem P, Han J, Bijlani BJ, Arjmand A, Helmy AS. Continuous-wave second harmonic generation in Bragg reflection waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:9460-9467. [PMID: 19466199 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.009460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of continuous-wave second harmonic generation for a pump at 1559.9 nm in type-I phase-matched Bragg reflection waveguide using the GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1)1-(x)As material system. For an internal pump power of 94 mW, phase-matched second harmonic power of 23 nW was measured in a waveguide with a length of 1.96 mm and ridge width of 4 mum. The internal conversion efficiency of the process was estimated as 6.8 x 10-(3) %W-(1)cm-(2). The full-width at half-maximum bandwidth of the nonlinear process was found to be 0.91 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Abolghasem
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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Helmy AS, Bijlani B, Abolghasem P. Phase matching in monolithic Bragg reflection waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2007; 32:2399-401. [PMID: 17700798 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report what is believed to be the first observation of second-harmonic generation by type I phase matching the bulk chi(xyz)((2))(d(14)) nonlinear coefficient using Bragg reflection waveguides. Second-harmonic power of 0.7 microW was observed for a pump wavelength of 1587.8 nm with an average power of 25.2 mW and a pulse width of approximately 2 ps at a repetition rate of 75.6 MHz. An order of magnitude enhancement between the phase-matched and un-phase-matched second-harmonic conversion efficiency has been observed. Conversion efficiency at the phase-matched wavelengths was 0.001%. The bandwidth of the second harmonic was found to be equal to 0.43 nm, agreeing with the theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Helmy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Panoiu NC, Mihalache D, Mazilu D, Lederer F, Osgood RM. Two-dimensional solitons in quasi-phase-matched quadratic crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 68:016608. [PMID: 12935271 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.016608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2003] [Revised: 04/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study the existence and dynamics of two-dimensional spatial solitons in crystals that exhibit a periodic modulation of both the refractive index and the second-order susceptibility for achieving quasi-phase-matching. Far from resonances between the domain length of the periodic crystal and the diffraction length of the beams, it is demonstrated that the properties of the solitons in this quasi-phase-matched geometry are strongly influenced by the induced third-order nonlinearities. The stability properties of the two-dimensional solitons are analyzed as a function of the total power, the effective wave-vector mismatch between the first and second harmonics, and the relative strength between the induced third-order nonlinearity and the effective second-order nonlinearity. Finally, the formation of two-dimensional solitons from a Gaussian beam excitation is investigated numerically.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-C Panoiu
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Zeaiter K, Hutchings DC, Gwilliam RM, Moutzouris K, Venugopal Rao S, Ebrahimzadeh M. Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a GaAs/AlAs superlattice waveguide by ion-implantation-induced intermixing. OPTICS LETTERS 2003; 28:911-913. [PMID: 12816243 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report type I second-harmonic generation by use of first-order quasi-phase matching in a GaAs/AlAs symmetric superlattice structure with femtosecond fundamental pulses at 1.55 microm. Periodic spatial modulation of the bulklike second-order susceptibility chi(zxy)(2) was achieved with quantum-well intermixing for which the group III vacancies were created by As+-ion implantation. A narrow second-harmonic bandwidth of approximately 0.9 nm (FWHM) with an average power of approximately 1.5 microW was detected, corresponding to an internal conversion efficiency of approximately 0.06%, which was considerably limited by the spectral bandwidth of the fundamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zeaiter
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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Nakagawa W, Tyan RC, Fainman Y. Analysis of enhanced second-harmonic generation in periodic nanostructures using modified rigorous coupled-wave analysis in the undepleted-pump approximation. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2002; 19:1919-1928. [PMID: 12216886 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.19.001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present an extension of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis technique to analyze second-harmonic generation (SHG) in periodic optical nanostructures in the undepleted-pump approximation. We apply this method to analyze SHG in two example nanostructures for which we predict enhanced nonlinearity due to transverse near-field localization of the fundamental optical field in the nonlinear material. First, we examine a periodic nanostructure that yields up to twice the transmitted SHG intensity output compared with the bulk nonlinear material but only for small nanostructure depths because of mismatch of the fundamental and second-harmonic mode phase velocities. Second, we develop and analyze a modified nanostructure and find that this nanostructure concurrently achieves transverse localization and phase matching for SHG. In principle, this permits an arbitrary coherent interaction length, and for several specific nanostructure depths we predict a transmitted SHG intensity output more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of the bulk material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nakagawa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0407, USA.
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Moutzouris K, Rao SV, Ebrahimzadeh M, De Rossi A, Berger V, Calligaro M, Ortiz V. Efficient second-harmonic generation in birefringently phase-matched GaAs/Al(2)O(3) waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2001; 26:1785-1787. [PMID: 18059698 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.001785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report efficient second-harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses in birefringently phase-matched GaAs/Al(2)O(3) waveguides pumped at 2.01mum. By use of pump pulses of ~200-fs duration and type I interaction, practical second-harmonic average powers of up to ~650muW were obtained, with an average input power of ~50muW. Waveguides of four different widths and two different lengths were investigated, and a normalized conversion efficiency of greater than 1000%W(-1)cm(-2) was obtained for a 1-mm waveguide. Measurements of pump and second-harmonic spectra provided clear evidence of phase matching and depletion of the pump spectrum. The measured bandwidth of the second harmonic was ~1.3nm. From the measurements of transmitted pump power at the phase-matching wavelength, pump depletions of more than 80% were recorded.
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Corney JF, Bang O. Solitons in quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:047601. [PMID: 11690183 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.047601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study solitons in one-dimensional quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals with modulation of both the linear and nonlinear susceptibilities. We derive averaged equations that include induced cubic nonlinearities, which can be defocusing, and we numerically find previously unknown soliton families. Because of these induced cubic terms, solitons still exist even when the effective quadratic nonlinearity vanishes and conventional theory predicts that there can be no soliton. We demonstrate that both bright and dark forms of these solitons can propagate stably.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Corney
- Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, Building 321, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Corney JF, Bang O. Modulational instability in periodic quadratic nonlinear materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:133901. [PMID: 11580589 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.133901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the modulational instability of plane waves in quadratic nonlinear materials with linear and nonlinear quasi-phase-matching gratings. Exact Floquet calculations, confirmed by numerical simulations, show that the periodicity can drastically alter the gain spectrum but never completely removes the instability. The low-frequency part of the gain spectrum is accurately predicted by an averaged theory and disappears for certain gratings. The high-frequency part is related to the inherent gain of the homogeneous non-phase-matched material and is a consistent spectral feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Corney
- Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Sukhorukov AA, Kivshar YS. Nonlinear localized waves in a periodic medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:083901. [PMID: 11497941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.083901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the existence and stability of nonlinear localized waves in a periodic medium described by the Kronig-Penney model with a nonlinear defect. We demonstrate the existence of a novel type of stable nonlinear band-gap localized state, and also reveal a generic physical mechanism of the oscillatory wave instabilities associated with the band-gap resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Sukhorukov
- Nonlinear Physics Group, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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Bang O, Graversen TW, Corney JF. Accurate switching intensities and length scales in quasi-phase-matched materials. OPTICS LETTERS 2001; 26:1007-1009. [PMID: 18040516 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We consider unseeded type I second-harmonic generation in quasi-phase-matched quadratic nonlinear materials and derive an accurate analytical expression for the evolution of the average intensity. The intensity-dependent nonlinear phase mismatch that is due to the cubic nonlinearity induced by quasi phase matching is found. The equivalent formula for the intensity of maximum conversion, the crossing of which changes the one-period nonlinear phase shift of the fundamental abruptly by pi , corrects earlier estimates [Opt. Lett. 23, 506 (1998)] by a factor of 5.3. We find the crystal lengths that are necessary to obtain an optimal flat phase versus intensity response on either side of this separatrix intensity.
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Mingaleev SF, Kivshar YS. Self-trapping and stable localized modes in nonlinear photonic crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:5474-5477. [PMID: 11415279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We predict the existence of stable nonlinear localized modes near the band edge of a two-dimensional reduced-symmetry photonic crystal with a Kerr nonlinearity. Employing the technique based on the Green function, we reveal a physical mechanism of the mode stabilization associated with the effective nonlinear dispersion and long-range interaction in the photonic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Mingaleev
- Nonlinear Physics Group, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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