1
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Lukas M, Backus EHG, Bonn M, Grechko M. Passively Stabilized Phase-Resolved Collinear SFG Spectroscopy Using a Displaced Sagnac Interferometer. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:951-956. [PMID: 35113564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study interfaces at the molecular level. Phase-resolved SFG (PR-SFG) spectroscopy provides direct information on interfacial molecules' orientation. However, its implementation is technologically demanding: it requires the generation of a local oscillator wave and control of its time delay with sub-fs accuracy. Commonly used noncollinear PR-SFG provides this control naturally but requires very accurate sample height control. Collinear PR-SFG spectroscopy is less demanding regarding sample positioning, but tuning the local oscillator time delay with this beam geometry is challenging. Here, we develop a collinear PR-SFG setup using a displaced Sagnac interferometer. This scheme allows full, independent control of the time delay and intensity of the local oscillator and provides long-time phase stabilization (better than 5° over 12 h) for the measured signal. This approach substantially reduces the complexity of an experimental setup and combines the advantages of collinear and noncollinear PR-SFG techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Lukas
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maksim Grechko
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Lai KF, Salumbides EJ, Beyer M, Ubachs W. Precision measurement of quasi-bound resonances in H2 and the H + H scattering length. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.2018063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.-F. Lai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Beyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Lai KF, Beyer M, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W. Photolysis Production and Spectroscopic Investigation of the Highest Vibrational States in H 2 (X 1Σ g+ v = 13, 14). J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1221-1228. [PMID: 33502853 PMCID: PMC7883349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rovibrational quantum states in the X1Σg+ electronic ground state of H2 are prepared in the v = 13 vibrational level up to its highest bound rotational level J = 7, and in the highest bound vibrational level v = 14 (for J = 1) by two-photon photolysis of H2S. These states are laser-excited in a subsequent two-photon scheme into F1Σg+ outer well states, where the assignment of the highest (v,J) states is derived from a comparison of experimentally known levels in F1Σg+, combined with ab initio calculations of X1Σg+ levels. The assignments are further verified by excitation of F1Σg+ population into autoionizing continuum resonances, which are compared with multichannel quantum defect calculations. Precision spectroscopic measurements of the F-X intervals form a test for the ab initio calculations of ground state levels at high vibrational quantum numbers and large internuclear separations, for which agreement is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.-F. Lai
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Beyer
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Jansen P, Merkt F. Manipulating beams of paramagnetic atoms and molecules using inhomogeneous magnetic fields. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 120-121:118-148. [PMID: 33198967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We review methods to manipulate the motion of pulsed supersonic atomic and molecular beams using time-independent and -dependent inhomogeneous magnetic fields. In addition, we discuss current and possible future applications and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jansen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Trivikram TM, Salumbides EJ, Jungen C, Ubachs W. Excitation of H 2 at large internuclear separation: outer well states and continuum resonances. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1599457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Trivikram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ch. Jungen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Trivikram TM, Niu ML, Wcisło P, Ubachs W, Salumbides EJ. Precision measurements and test of molecular theory in highly excited vibrational states of H 2 ( v = 11). APPLIED PHYSICS. B, LASERS AND OPTICS 2016; 122:294. [PMID: 32336882 PMCID: PMC7154793 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-016-6570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate E F 1 Σ g + - X 1 Σ g + transition energies in molecular hydrogen were determined for transitions originating from levels with highly excited vibrational quantum number, v = 11, in the ground electronic state. Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy was applied on vibrationally excited H 2 ∗ , produced via the photodissociation of H2S, yielding transition frequencies with accuracies of 45 MHz or 0.0015 cm-1. An important improvement is the enhanced detection efficiency by resonant excitation to autoionizing 7 p π electronic Rydberg states, resulting in narrow transitions due to reduced ac-Stark effects. Using known EF level energies, the level energies of X(v = 11, J = 1, 3-5) states are derived with accuracies of typically 0.002 cm-1. These experimental values are in excellent agreement with and are more accurate than the results obtained from the most advanced ab initio molecular theory calculations including relativistic and QED contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Madhu Trivikram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. L. Niu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Wcisło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of San Carlos, 6000 Cebu City, Philippines
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7
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Altmann RK, Galtier S, Dreissen LS, Eikema KSE. High-Precision Ramsey-Comb Spectroscopy at Deep Ultraviolet Wavelengths. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:173201. [PMID: 27824468 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-precision spectroscopy in systems such as molecular hydrogen and helium ions is very interesting in view of tests of quantum electrodynamics and the proton radius puzzle. However, the required deep ultraviolet and shorter wavelengths pose serious experimental challenges. Here we show Ramsey-comb spectroscopy in the deep ultraviolet for the first time, thereby demonstrating its enabling capabilities for precision spectroscopy at short wavelengths. We excite ^{84}Kr in an atomic beam on the two-photon 4p^{6}→4p^{5}5p[1/2]_{0} transition at 212.55 nm. It is shown that the ac-Stark shift is effectively eliminated, and combined with a counterpropagating excitation geometry to suppress Doppler effects, a transition frequency of 2 820 833 101 679(103) kHz is found. The uncertainty of our measurement is 34 times smaller than the best previous measurement, and only limited by the 27 ns lifetime of the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Altmann
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Galtier
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L S Dreissen
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K S E Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Niu ML, Hakalla R, Trivikram TM, Heays AN, de Oliveira N, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W. Spectroscopy and perturbation analysis of the A 1π (v=0) state of 13 C 16 O. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1218078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Niu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Hakalla
- Department of Experimental Physics, Materials Spectroscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - T. Madhu Trivikram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. N. Heays
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. de Oliveira
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Orme de Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Beyer A, Maisenbacher L, Matveev A, Pohl R, Khabarova K, Chang Y, Grinin A, Lamour T, Shi T, Yost DC, Udem T, Hänsch TW, Kolachevsky N. Active fiber-based retroreflector providing phase-retracing anti-parallel laser beams for precision spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:17470-17485. [PMID: 27464193 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.017470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an active fiber-based retroreflector providing high quality phase-retracing anti-parallel Gaussian laser beams for precision spectroscopy of Doppler sensitive transitions. Our design is well-suited for a number of applications where implementing optical cavities is technically challenging and corner cubes fail to match the demanded requirements, most importantly retracing wavefronts and preservation of the laser polarization. To illustrate the performance of the system, we use it for spectroscopy of the 2S-4P transition in atomic hydrogen and demonstrate an average suppression of the first order Doppler shift to 4 parts in 106 of the full collinear shift. This high degree of cancellation combined with our cryogenic source of hydrogen atoms in the metastable 2S state is sufficient to enable determinations of the Rydberg constant and the proton charge radius with competitive uncertainties. Advantages over the usual Doppler cancellation based on corner cube type retroreflectors are discussed as well as an alternative method using a high finesse cavity.
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10
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Niu ML, Ramirez F, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W. High-precision laser spectroscopy of the CO A(1)Π - X(1)Σ(+) (2,0), (3,0), and (4,0) bands. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:044302. [PMID: 25637982 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-precision two-photon Doppler-free frequency measurements have been performed on the CO A(1)Π - X(1)Σ(+) fourth-positive system (2,0), (3,0), and (4,0) bands. Absolute frequencies of forty-three transitions, for rotational quantum numbers up to J = 5, have been determined at an accuracy of 1.6 × 10(-3) cm(-1), using advanced techniques of two-color 2 + 1' resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization, Sagnac interferometry, frequency-chirp analysis on the laser pulses, and correction for AC-Stark shifts. The accurate transition frequencies of the CO A(1)Π - X(1)Σ(+) system are of relevance for comparison with astronomical data in the search for possible drifts of fundamental constants in the early universe. The present accuracies in laboratory wavelengths of Δλ/λ = 2 × 10(-8) may be considered exact for the purpose of such comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Niu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Ramirez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Dickenson GD, Niu ML, Salumbides EJ, Komasa J, Eikema KSE, Pachucki K, Ubachs W. Fundamental vibration of molecular hydrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:193601. [PMID: 23705705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental ground tone vibration of H(2), HD, and D(2) is determined to an accuracy of 2×10(-4) cm(-1) from Doppler-free laser spectroscopy in the collisionless environment of a molecular beam. This rotationless vibrational splitting is derived from the combination difference between electronic excitation from the X(1)Σ(g)(+), v=0, and v=1 levels to a common EF(1)Σ(g)(+), v=0 level. Agreement within 1σ between the experimental result and a full ab initio calculation provides a stringent test of quantum electrodynamics in a chemically bound system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Dickenson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, VU University, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Niu ML, Salumbides EJ, Zhao D, de Oliveira N, Joyeux D, Nahon L, Field RW, Ubachs W. High resolution spectroscopy and perturbation analysis of the CO A1Π −X1Σ+ (0,0) and (1,0) bands. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.793889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Niu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081 , HV Amsterdam, 1081, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081 , HV Amsterdam, 1081, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of San Carlos , Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
| | - D. Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081 , HV Amsterdam, 1081, The Netherlands
| | - N. de Oliveira
- Synchrotron Soleil, Orme des Merisiers, , St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 GIF sur Yvette cedex, France
| | - D. Joyeux
- Synchrotron Soleil, Orme des Merisiers, , St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 GIF sur Yvette cedex, France
| | - L. Nahon
- Synchrotron Soleil, Orme des Merisiers, , St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 GIF sur Yvette cedex, France
| | - R. W. Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081 , HV Amsterdam, 1081, The Netherlands
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13
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Salumbides EJ, Dickenson GD, Ivanov TI, Ubachs W. QED effects in molecules: test on rotational quantum states of H2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:043005. [PMID: 21867001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.043005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantum electrodynamic effects have been systematically tested in the progression of rotational quantum states in the X 1Σ(g)(+), v=0 vibronic ground state of molecular hydrogen. High-precision Doppler-free spectroscopy of the EF 1Σ(g)(+)-X 1Σ(g)(+) (0,0) band was performed with 0.005 cm(-1) accuracy on rotationally hot H2 (with rotational quantum states J up to 16). QED and relativistic contributions to rotational level energies as high as 0.13 cm(-1) are extracted, and are in perfect agreement with recent calculations of QED and high-order relativistic effects for the H2 ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Salumbides
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Bailly D, Salumbides E, Vervloet M, Ubachs W. Accurate level energies in the EF1, GK1, H1, B1, , B′1, , , J1Δgstates of H2. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970903413350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Salumbides EJ, Khramov A, Ubachs W. High-Resolution 2 + 1 REMPI Study of the a′′1Σg+ State in N2. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2383-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808698u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Salumbides
- Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Khramov
- Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Salumbides EJ, Bailly D, Khramov A, Wolf AL, Eikema KSE, Vervloet M, Ubachs W. Improved laboratory values of the H2 Lyman and Werner lines for constraining time variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:223001. [PMID: 19113480 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct high-accuracy laboratory spectroscopic investigations of the H2 molecule are reported. Anchor lines in the EF1Sigmag+-X1Sigmag+ system are calibrated by two-photon deep-UV Doppler-free spectroscopy, while independent Fourier-transform spectroscopic measurements are performed that yield accurate spacings in the B1Sigmau+-EF1Sigmag+ and I1Pig-C1Piu systems. From combination differences accurate transition wavelengths for the B-X Lyman and the C-X Werner lines can be determined with accuracies better than approximately 5 x 10(-9), representing a major improvement over existing values. This metrology provides a practically exact database to extract a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio based on H2 lines in high-redshift objects. Moreover, it forms a rationale for equipping a future class of telescopes, carrying 30-40 m dishes, with novel spectrometers of higher resolving powers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Salumbides
- Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Hannemann S, van Duijn EJ, Ubachs W. A narrow-band injection-seeded pulsed titanium:sapphire oscillator-amplifier system with on-line chirp analysis for high-resolution spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:103102. [PMID: 17979401 DOI: 10.1063/1.2789690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A narrow-band tunable injection-seeded pulsed titanium:sapphire laser system has been developed for application in high-resolution spectroscopic studies at the fundamental wavelengths in the near infrared as well as in the ultraviolet, deep ultraviolet, and extreme ultraviolet after upconversion. Special focus is on the quantitative assessment of the frequency characteristics of the oscillator-amplifier system on a pulse-to-pulse basis. Frequency offsets between continuous-wave seed light and the pulsed output are measured as well as linear chirps attributed mainly to mode pulling effects in the oscillator cavity. Operational conditions of the laser are found in which these offset and chirp effects are minimal. Absolute frequency calibration at the megahertz level of accuracy is demonstrated on various atomic and molecular resonance lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hannemann
- Laser Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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