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Ouyang Y, Zhang J, Sun W, Li M, Chen T, Zhang H, Tang W, Xia W. Picosecond dissipative soliton generation from an ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on a BP/SnSe 2-PVA mixture saturable absorber. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:19. [PMID: 37466763 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Stable picosecond dissipative soliton pulses were observed in an ytterbium-doped fiber laser employing a high-quality mixture of BP/SnSe2-PVA saturable absorber (SA). The modulation depth, saturation intensity, and non-saturable loss of the mixture of BP/SnSe2-PVA SA were measured with values of 5.98%, 18.37 MW/cm2, and 33%, respectively. Within the pump power range of 150-270 mW, stable dissipative soliton pulses were obtained with an output power of 1.68-4 mW. When the minimum pulse duration is 1.28 ps, a repetition rate of 0.903 MHz, center wavelength of 1064.38 nm and 3 dB bandwidth of 2 nm were obtained. The maximum pulse energy of 4.43 nJ and the signal-to-noise ratio up to 72 dB were achieved at pump power of 270 mW. The results suggest that the BP/SnSe2-PVA mixture SA has outstanding nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics and broad ultrafast laser applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ouyang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Wanggen Sun
- Shandong Huaguang Optoelectronics Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Mengxiao Li
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Haikun Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Wenjing Tang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Leng X, Jing Q, Wen Q. CrPS 4 Nanoflakes as Stable Direct-Band-Gap 2D Materials for Ultrafast Pulse Laser Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1128. [PMID: 36986023 PMCID: PMC10052116 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted considerable attention due to their potential for generating ultrafast pulsed lasers. Unfortunately, the poor stability of most layered 2D materials under air exposure leads to increased fabrication costs; this has limited their development for practical applications. In this paper, we describe the successful preparation of a novel, air-stable, and broadband saturable absorber (SA), the metal thiophosphate CrPS4, using a simple and cost-effective liquid exfoliation method. The van der Waals crystal structure of CrPS4 consists of chains of CrS6 units interconnected by phosphorus. In this study, we calculated the electronic band structures of CrPS4, revealing a direct band gap. The nonlinear saturable absorption properties, which were investigated using the P-scan technique at 1550 nm, revealed that CrPS4-SA had a modulation depth of 12.2% and a saturation intensity of 463 MW/cm2. Integration of the CrPS4-SA into Yb-doped fiber and Er-doped fiber laser cavities led to mode-locking for the first time, resulting in the shortest pulse durations of 298 ps and 500 fs at 1 and 1.5 µm, respectively. These results indicate that CrPS4 has great potential for broadband ultrafast photonic applications and could be developed into an excellent candidate for SA devices, providing new directions in the search for stable SA materials and for their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xudong Leng
- Xinjiang Key for Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Qun Jing
- Xinjiang Key for Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Qiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Zhou W, Pang X, Zhang H, Yu Q, Liu F, Wang W, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Yang Z. Frontier and Hot Topics of Pulsed Fiber Lasers via CiteSpace Scientometric Analysis: Passively Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers with Real Saturable Absorbers Based on Two-Dimensional Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6761. [PMID: 36234100 PMCID: PMC9572618 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed fiber lasers, with high peak power and narrow pulse widths, have been proven to be an important tool for a variety of fields of application. In this work, frontier and hot topics in pulsed fiber lasers were analyzed with 11,064 articles. Benefitting from the scientometric analysis capabilities of CiteSpace, the analysis found that passively mode-locked fiber lasers with saturable absorbers (SAs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have become a hot research topic in the field of pulsed fiber lasers due to the advantages of self-starting operation, high stability, and good compatibility. The excellent nonlinear optical properties exhibited by 2D materials at nanometer-scale thicknesses have become a particularly popular research topic; the research has paved the way for exploring its wider applications. We summarize the performance of several typical 2D materials in ultrafast fiber lasers, such as graphene, topological insulators (TIs), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and black phosphorus (BP). Meanwhile, we review and analyze the direction of the development of 2D SAs for ultrafast fiber lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiuyang Pang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Hanke Zhang
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Fangqi Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy, College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Wenyue Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yikun Zhao
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Transportation Engineering, Jiangsu Shipping College, Nantong 226010, China
| | - Zixin Yang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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Mode-Locked YDFL Using Topological Insulator Bismuth Selenide Nanosheets as the Saturable Absorber. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fiber lasers have long remained relevant for various applications worldwide in many industries. This paper presents a mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) using our home-made topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanosheets (TI Bi2Se3) as the saturable absorber. The fabricated TI Bi2Se3 is transported to the end of the fiber ferrule using an optical deposition process, which is a key ingredient for initiating a pulsed fiber laser. With a pump power of 211.1 mW, the captured repetition rate and pulse width are 8.3 MHz and 6.2 ns, respectively. The length of the setup configuration is approximately 20 m, which corresponds to an output power measurement of 12.4 mW with a calculated pulse energy of 1.5 nJ. There are no significant Kelly sidebands, but the strong stability of the pulsed laser is defined by a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of around 60.35 dB.
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Zhang YN, Song ZY, Qiao D, Li XH, Guang Z, Li SP, Zhou LB, Chen XH. 2D van der Waals materials for ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers: review and prospect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:082003. [PMID: 34731847 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D van der Waals materials are crystals composed of atomic layers, which have atomic thickness scale layers and rich distinct properties, including ultrafast optical response, surface effects, light-mater interaction, small size effects, quantum effects and macro quantum tunnel effects. With the exploration of saturable absorption characteristic of 2D van der Waals materials, a series of potential applications of 2D van der Waals materials as high threshold, broadband and fast response saturable absorbers (SAs) in ultrafast photonics have been proposed and confirmed. Herein, the photoelectric characteristics, nonlinear characteristic measurement technique of 2D van der Waals materials and the preparation technology of SAs are systematically described. Furthermore, the ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers based on classical 2D van der Waals materials including graphene, transition metal chalcogenides, topological insulators and black phosphorus have been fully summarized and analyzed. On this basis, opportunities and directions in this field, as well as the research results of ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers based on the latest 2D van der Waals materials (such as PbO, FePSe3, graphdiyne, bismuthene, Ag2S and MXene etc), are reviewed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ni Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Song
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dun Qiao
- University of South Wales, Wireless and Optoelectronics Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Physics and Information Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Guang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
- School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, 266 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Bin Zhou
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Department of Physics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- Shandong University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Hua K, Wang DN. Coupling scheme for graphene saturable absorber in a linear cavity mode-locked fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4362-4365. [PMID: 34470015 DOI: 10.1364/ol.436367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A saturable absorber based on a graphene layer covered single-mode fiber with inner short waveguides is proposed and demonstrated for a linear cavity Er-doped mode-locked fiber laser. A pair of short waveguides is written in the fiber by using femtosecond micromachining technology, and the propagating light is guided by one short waveguide to the cladding-air interface and interacts with the graphene layer in the form of evanescent waves before being collected back to the core by another short waveguide, and, as a result, the saturable absorption is excited. The designed saturable absorber is used in the passively mode-locked fiber laser to generate traditional soliton mode-locked pulse output with the center wavelength of 1564.9 nm and pulse width of 758 fs at the fundamental frequency of 22.58 MHz. The fabricated saturable absorber device is stable in operation, compact in structure, safe for thermal damage, and can effectively overcome the shortcomings of poor robustness of the saturable absorbers based on a tapered fiber and D-shaped fiber. This provides a new optical coupling scheme for saturable absorbers based on 2D materials such as graphene and has great potential application in the field of ultrashort pulse lasers.
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Zhang A, Wang Z, Ouyang H, Lyu W, Sun J, Cheng Y, Fu B. Recent Progress of Two-Dimensional Materials for Ultrafast Photonics. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071778. [PMID: 34361163 PMCID: PMC8308201 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials have aroused extensive attention and have been widely used in photonic and optoelectronic devices, catalytic reactions, and biomedicine. In particular, 2D materials possess a unique bandgap structure and nonlinear optical properties, which can be used as saturable absorbers in ultrafast lasers. Here, we mainly review the top-down and bottom-up methods for preparing 2D materials, such as graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes. Then, we focus on the ultrafast applications of 2D materials at the typical operating wavelengths of 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 μm. The key parameters and output performance of ultrafast pulsed lasers based on 2D materials are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook regarding the fabrication methods and the development of 2D materials in ultrafast photonics is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aojie Zhang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenhao Lyu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Fu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Ma C, Yin P, Khan K, Tareen AK, Huang R, Du J, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Cao R, Wei S, Wang X, Ge Y, Song Y, Gao L. Broadband Nonlinear Photonics in Few-Layer Borophene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006891. [PMID: 33502109 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, 2D borophene is synthesized through a liquid-phase exfoliation. The morphology and structure of as-prepared borophene are systemically analyzed, and the Z-scan is used to measure the nonlinear optical properties. It is found that the saturable absorber (SA) properties of borophene make it serve as an excellent broadband optical switch, which is strongly used for mode-locking in near- and mid-infrared laser systems. Ultrastable pulses with durations as short as 792 and 693 fs are successfully delivered at the central wavelengths of 1063 and 1560 nm, respectively. Furthermore, stable pulses at a wavelength of 1878 nm are demonstrated from a thulium mode-locked fiber laser based on the same borophene SA. This research reveals a significant potential for borophene used in lasers helping extending the frontiers of photonic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Ma
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yin
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Karim Khan
- School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Ayesha Khan Tareen
- School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, 521041, P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Songrui Wei
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yanqi Ge
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Song
- Intelligent Internet of Things and Intelligent Manufacturing Center, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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9
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Li J, Wang C, Zhang B, Wang Z, Yu W, Chen Y, Liu X, Guo Z, Zhang H. Artificial Carbon Graphdiyne: Status and Challenges in Nonlinear Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49281-49296. [PMID: 33100013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The creative integration of sp-hybridized carbon atoms into artificial carbon graphdiyne has led to graphdiyne with superior properties in terms of uniformly distributed pores, ambipolar carrier transport, natural bandgap, and broadband absorption. Consequently, graphdiyne, regarded as a promising carbon material, has garnered particular attention in light-matter interactions. Light-matter interactions play an important role in optical information technology and meet the increasing demand for various energy sources. Herein, the status and challenges in nonlinear photonic and optoelectronic applications of graphdiyne, which are still in the infancy stage, are summarized. Furthermore, the bottleneck and perspective of graphdiyne in these aspects are discussed. It is therefore anticipated that this review could promote the development of graphdiyne in photonic and optoelectronic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaofu Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, CAS, 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xinke Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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10
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Zhou J, Qi W, Pan W, Feng Y. Dissipative soliton generation from a large anomalous dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5768-5771. [PMID: 33057280 DOI: 10.1364/ol.406104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissipative soliton (DS) is demonstrated in a large anomalous dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser. A chirped fiber Bragg grating is implemented into a figure-of-9 cavity to provide a large anomalous dispersion. A self-starting and stable DS operation is achieved with 3.5 nJ pulse energy and 12.9 ps pulse duration under a 26.4 MHz repetition rate. Numerical simulations reveal that the DSs presented here experience strong temporal, spectral, and chirp breathing in the cavity. Thanks to the characteristic chirp breathing, the output DS pulses can maintain a narrow spectral bandwidth of 0.17 nm. We believe that the laser design presented here has a lot of potential and could be an outstanding ultrafast seed laser solution for industrial applications including micromachining and hard-brittle material processing.
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11
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Song Y, You K, Zhao J, Huang D, Chen Y, Xing C, Zhang H. A nano-lateral heterojunction of selenium-coated tellurium for infrared-band soliton fiber lasers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15252-15260. [PMID: 32643712 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02548h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, ultrafast fiber lasers based on 2D selenium-coated tellurium nanosheets in the infrared band are reported. 2D selenium-coated tellurium as a mode locker is shown with broadband saturable absorption and is capable of supporting ultra-stable pulse trains with several hundred-femtosecond pulse widths in the laser cavity. In particular, the as-fabricated 2D selenium-coated tellurium based fiber laser source operating in the communication band (1.5 μm) exhibits the vector pulse property, which supports the study of the vector soliton in ultrafast fiber lasers. The pulse duration of vector solitons is as short as 800 fs. The 2D selenium-coated tellurium is also available for a mode locked fiber laser operating at 1 μm. The laser oscillator has a pulse duration of several picoseconds and the pulse train is ultra-stable after an amplification to 100 mW, which is a promising seed source in the chirped-pulse amplification system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Song
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Kaixi You
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jinlai Zhao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Dazhou Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yunxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Chenyang Xing
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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12
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Du W, Li H, Lan C, Li C, Li J, Wang Z, Liu Y. Graphene/WS 2 heterostructure saturable absorbers for ultrashort pulse generation in L-band passively mode-locked fiber lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:11514-11523. [PMID: 32403661 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene/WS2 (G/WS2) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are utilized as saturable absorbers (SAs) in compact mode-locked fiber lasers operating in the telecommunication L-band for the first time. The interlayer coupling is confirmed by Raman and photoluminescence spectra. In comparison with pure WS2, the heterostructure exhibits excellent nonlinear optical properties in terms of larger modulation depth and lower saturation intensity due to the strong interlayer coupling. By incorporating the G/WS2-based SA into an all-anomalous-dispersion fiber laser, stable conventional-soliton pulses with a pulse duration down to 660 fs can be realized at 1601.9 nm, manifesting better output performance compared to pure WS2. In addition, through shifting the cavity dispersion to the net-normal dispersion, the G/WS2 SA can also be applied for dissipative-soliton generation. Resultant output pulses feature the central wavelength of 1593.5 nm and the pulse duration of 55.6 ps. Our results indicate that the G/WS2 vdW heterostructure is a promising candidate as SA for pulsed laser applications, which pave the way for the development of novel ultrafast photonic devices with desirable performance.
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13
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Shi F, Yao H, Huang Y, Li W, Wang T, Zeng X. Wavelength-switchable all-fiber laser-emitting radially polarized beams. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:1206-1211. [PMID: 32225262 DOI: 10.1364/ao.382496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present two kinds of mode-selective-coupler-based ultrafast radially polarized lasers delivering switchable wavelengths and pulsewidths. One is a linear-cavity fiber laser mode locked in the 1.5 µm region, which produces not only wavelength-agile radially polarized pulses in the spatial domain, but also switchable femtosecond and picosecond pulses in the temporal domain. The other one is a nonlinear-polarization-rotation-technique-assisted passively mode-locked fiber ring laser in the 1.0 µm region, presenting an ideal broadband spectral switching with picosecond radially polarized pulses output. The presented fiber lasers offer a type of compact laser source, enabling a flexible option for radially polarized beams in spectral and temporal domains.
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14
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Jafry AAA, Kasim N, Muhammad AR, Rosol AHA, Yusoff RAM, Mahyuddin MBH, Zulkipli NF, Samsamnun FSM, Harun SW. Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on evanescent field interaction with lutetium oxide. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:9670-9676. [PMID: 31873567 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.009670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated lutetium oxide (${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3) deposited onto D-shaped fiber producing Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) with an operating wavelength of 1037 nm. D-shaped fiber ${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3 as a saturable absorber (SA) was prepared using a polishing-wheel technique by polishing 2 times to establish an excellent evanescent field interaction between material and light on the surface of the polished region. The SA was deployed into a YDFL to generate Q-switching. The proposed D-shaped fiber ${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3 initiated pulses as short as 3.6 µs, with the highest repetition rate of 65.8 kHz. Stability of the SA is proven, as it produced stable pulses within the pump power of 99 to 133 mW with an SNR of 62.13 dB. Q-switched YDFL generates pulses with an output power of 0.93 to 1.99 mW and pulse energy of 17 to 30 nJ. We obtained a laser cavity with the optical-to-optical efficiency of 3.33%, which was the highest among D-shaped fiber-deposited SA materials in YDFL. Therefore, ${\textrm{Lu}_2}{\textrm{O}_3}$Lu2O3 deposited onto D-shaped fiber can be deployed as an SA in YDFL for a portable Q-switched laser source.
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15
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Wang T, Wang J, Wu J, Ma P, Su R, Ma Y, Zhou P. Near-Infrared Optical Modulation for Ultrashort Pulse Generation Employing Indium Monosulfide (InS) Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E865. [PMID: 31181606 PMCID: PMC6630692 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, metal chalcogenide nanomaterials have received much attention in the field of ultrafast lasers due to their unique band-gap characteristic and excellent optical properties. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) indium monosulfide (InS) nanosheets were synthesized through a modified liquid-phase exfoliation method. In addition, a film-type InS-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) was prepared as an optical modulator to generate ultrashort pulses. The nonlinear properties of the InS-PVA SA were systematically investigated. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the InS-SA were 5.7% and 6.79 MW/cm2, respectively. By employing this InS-PVA SA, a stable, passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser was demonstrated. At the fundamental frequency, the laser operated at 1.02 MHz, with a pulse width of 486.7 ps, and the maximum output power was 1.91 mW. By adjusting the polarization states in the cavity, harmonic mode-locked phenomena were also observed. To our knowledge, this is the first time an ultrashort pulse output based on InS has been achieved. The experimental findings indicate that InS is a viable candidate in the field of ultrafast lasers due to its excellent saturable absorption characteristics, which thereby promotes the ultrafast optical applications of InX (X = S, Se, and Te) and expands the category of new SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Pengfei Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Rongtao Su
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Yanxing Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Pu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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He J, Tao L, Zhang H, Zhou B, Li J. Emerging 2D materials beyond graphene for ultrashort pulse generation in fiber lasers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2577-2593. [PMID: 30693933 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09368g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast fiber lasers have significant applications in ultra-precision manufacturing, medical diagnostics, medical treatment, precision measurement and astronomical detection, owing to their ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak-power. Since graphene was first explored as an optical saturable absorber for passively mode-locked lasers in 2009, many other 2D materials beyond graphene, including phosphorene, antimonene, bismuthene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), topological insulators (TIs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes, have been successively explored, resulting in rapid development of novel 2D materials-based saturable absorbers. Herein, we review the latest progress of the emerging 2D materials beyond graphene for passively mode-locked fiber laser application. These 2D materials are classified into mono-elemental, dual-elemental and multi-elemental 2D materials. The atomic structure, band structure, nonlinear optical properties, and preparation methods of 2D materials are summarized. Diverse integration strategies for applying 2D materials into fiber laser systems are introduced, and the mode-locking performance of the 2D materials-based fiber lasers working at 1-3 μm are discussed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges facing 2D materials-based mode-locked fiber lasers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan He
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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17
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Li G, Chen Y, Yan X, Zhao L. Passive mode locking resulting from weak polarization dependence based on evanescent field interaction with a monolayer graphene absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:3507-3510. [PMID: 29726520 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Weak polarization dependence based on evanescent field interaction with a monolayer graphene absorber is demonstrated. By covering single-layer graphene on the top of a fiber taper, the symmetry of the light field propagation was destroyed. Polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of 2 dB was obtained, and no saturable absorption was observed. Passive mode locking was achieved by using the graphene-covered fiber taper in a fiber laser. It is found that the weak PDL down to 2 dB is capable for achieving mode locking in a fiber laser. Therefore, the claim of saturable absorption of any graphene or two-dimensional materials in a fiber laser needs to be made with care.
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18
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Hou L, Guo H, Wang Y, Sun J, Lin Q, Bai Y, Bai J. Sub-200 femtosecond dispersion-managed soliton ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:9063-9070. [PMID: 29715864 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.009063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast fiber laser light sources attract enormous interest due to the booming applications they are enabling, including long-distance communication, optical metrology, detecting technology of infra-biophotons, and novel material processing. In this paper, we demonstrate 175 fs dispersion-managed soliton (DMS) mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) laser based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) saturable absorber (SA). The output DMSs have been achieved with repetition rate of 21.2 MHz, center wavelength of 1025.5 nm, and a spectral width of 32.7 nm. The operation directly pulse duration of 300 fs for generated pulse is the reported shortest pulse width for broadband SA based YDF lasers. By using an external grating-based compressor, the pulse duration could be compressed down to 175 fs. To the best of our knowledge, it is the shortest pulse duration obtained directly from YDF laser based on broadband SAs. In this paper, SWCNTs-SA has been utilized as the key optical component (mode locker) and the grating pair providing negative dispersion acts as the dispersion controller.
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19
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Bismuth Telluride nanocrystal: broadband nonlinear response and its application in ultrafast photonics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2355. [PMID: 29403019 PMCID: PMC5799367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We come up with a hybrid liquid exfoliation method to prepare bismuth telluride nanocrystals efficiently and cost-effectively. The nonlinear transmittance of the nanocrystals has been characterized with Z-scan technique, which can manifest its broadband saturable absorption behavior experimentally. The as-fabricated nanocrystals were integrated onto fiber end facet to form a fiber compatible nonlinear absorption device with optical deposition method, which was then used to modulate the fiber laser with different cavity configurations to deliver pulsed laser successfully. The noise-like pulse and dissipative soliton have been obtained with wavelength centered at 1562 nm and 1068 nm, respectively. These results confirm the effectiveness of the hybrid liquid exfoliation method to prepare bismuth telluride into nanocrystals, and the broadband nonlinear optical response and ultrafast photonics application potential of the nanocrystals.
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20
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Li X, Zhang S, Yang Z. Optimal design of similariton fiber lasers without gain-bandwidth limitation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:18410-18420. [PMID: 28789326 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.018410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have numerically investigated broadband high-energy similariton fiber lasers, demonstrated that the self-similar evolution of pulses can locate in a segment of photonic crystal fiber without gain-bandwidth limitation. The effects of various parameters, including the cavity length, the spectral filter bandwidth, the pump power, the length of the photonic crystal fiber and the output coupling ratio have also been studied in detail. Using the optimal parameters, a single pulse with spectral width of 186.6 nm, pulse energy of 23.8 nJ, dechirped pulse duration of 22.5 fs and dechirped pulse peak power of 1.26 MW was obtained. We believe that this detailed analysis of the behaviour of pulses in the similariton regime may have major implications in the development of broadband high-energy fiber lasers.
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21
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Sotor J, Bogusławski J, Martynkien T, Mergo P, Krajewska A, Przewłoka A, StrupiŃski W, SoboŃ G. All-polarization-maintaining, stretched-pulse Tm-doped fiber laser, mode-locked by a graphene saturable absorber. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1592-1595. [PMID: 28409806 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we demonstrate an all-polarization-maintaining, stretched-pulse Tm-doped fiber laser generating ∼200 fs pulses centered at 1945 nm. As a saturable absorber, a graphene/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite was used. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of stretched-pulse operation of a graphene-based fiber laser at 2 μm.
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22
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Li J, Luo H, Zhai B, Lu R, Guo Z, Zhang H, Liu Y. Black phosphorus: a two-dimension saturable absorption material for mid-infrared Q-switched and mode-locked fiber lasers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30361. [PMID: 27457338 PMCID: PMC4960592 DOI: 10.1038/srep30361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) as a novel class of two-dimension (2D) materials has recently attracted enormous attention as a result of its unique physical and chemical features. The remarkably strong light-matter interaction and tunable direct band-gap at a wide range make it an ideal candidate especially in the mid-infrared wavelength region as the saturable absorber (SA). In this paper, the simple and effective liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) method was used to fabricate BP. By introducing the same BP SA into two specifically designed rare earth ions doped fluoride fiber lasers at mid-infrared wavebands, Q-switching with the pulse energy of 4.93 μJ and mode-locking with the pulse duration of 8.6 ps were obtained, respectively. The operation wavelength of ~2970 nm for generated pulse is the reported longest wavelength for BP SA based fiber lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Bo Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Rongguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhinan Guo
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Han Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
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23
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Kou Y, Förstner J. Discrete plasmonic solitons in graphene-coated nanowire arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:4714-4721. [PMID: 29092300 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.004714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the discrete soliton formation in one- and two-dimensional arrays of nanowires coated with graphene monolayers. Highly confined solitons, including the fundamental and the higher-order modes, are found to be supported by the proposed structure with a low level of power flow. Numerical analysis reveals that, by tuning the input intensity and Fermi energy, the beam diffraction, soliton dimension and propagation loss can be fully controlled in a broad range, indicating potential values of the graphene-based solitons in nonlinear/active nanophotonic systems.
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Wang FZ, Liu H, Huang YQ, Liu M, Luo AP, Luo ZC, Xu WC. Flexible generation of coherent rectangular pulse from an ultrafast fiber laser based on dispersive Fourier transformation technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:27315-27321. [PMID: 26480392 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.027315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new solution to flexibly generate the coherent rectangular pulse from an ultrafast fiber laser based on the dispersive Fourier transformation (DFT) technique. The rectangular dissipative soliton (DS) spectra emitted from a net-normal dispersion mode-locked fiber laser is mapped into a time-domain coherent rectangular waveform through the DFT technique. The rectangular pulse can be broadened flexibly with the adjustments of the pump power. The coherence and shot-to-shot fluctuations of the achieved rectangular pulses are further verified by the Mach-Zehnder interference experiment and the recorded single-shot pulse train, respectively. The results demonstrate that the combination of DS mode-locked laser and DFT technique might be indeed an effective and flexible way to achieve highly coherent rectangular pulses.
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25
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Liu W, Pang L, Han H, Tian W, Chen H, Lei M, Yan P, Wei Z. Generation of dark solitons in erbium-doped fiber lasers based Sb(2)Te(3) saturable absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:26023-26031. [PMID: 26480117 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.026023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dark solitons, which have better stability in the presence of noise, have potential applications in optical communication and ultrafast optics. In this paper, the dark soliton formation in erbium-doped fiber lasers based Sb(2)Te(3) saturable absorber (SA) is first experimentally demonstrated. The Sb(2)Te(3) SA is fabricated by using the pulsed laser deposition method. The generated dark solitons are centered at the wavelength of 1530 nm and repetition rate of 94 MHz. Analytic solutions for dark solitons are also obtained theoretically.
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26
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Park NH, Jeong H, Choi SY, Kim MH, Rotermund F, Yeom DI. Monolayer graphene saturable absorbers with strongly enhanced evanescent-field interaction for ultrafast fiber laser mode-locking. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:19806-19812. [PMID: 26367639 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.019806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient all-fiber saturable absorber (SA) that evanescently interacts with a graphene monolayer. Strong nonlinear interaction between the graphene sheet and evanescent wave was realized in both experiments and numerical calculations by employing an over-cladding structure on high-quality monolayer graphene that uniformly covered the side-polished fiber. A passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser was built, including our in-line graphene SA, which stably generated ultrashort pulses with pulse duration of 377 fs at a repetition rate of 37.7 MHz. The corresponding 3-dB spectral bandwidth of the laser was measured to be 8.6 nm at the central wavelength of 1607.7 nm. We also experimentally observed that the spectral bandwidth and pulse duration of the laser output could be controlled by proper selection of the refractive index of the over-cladding material on the monolayer-graphene SA.
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27
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Li X, Zhang S, Han H, Han M, Zhang H, Zhao L, Wen F, Yang Z. Different polarization dynamic states in a vector Yb-doped fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:10747-10755. [PMID: 25969112 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.010747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Different polarization dynamic states in an unidirectional, vector, Yb-doped fiber ring laser have been observed. A rich variety of dynamic states, including group velocity locked polarization domains and their splitting into regularly distributed multiple domains, polarization locked square pulses and their harmonic mode locking counterparts, and dissipative soliton resonances have all been observed with different operating parameters. We have also shown experimentally details of the conditions under which polarization-domain-wall dark pulses and bright square pulses form.
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28
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Sobon G, Sotor J, Pasternak I, Krajewska A, Strupinski W, Abramski KM. All-polarization maintaining, graphene-based femtosecond Tm-doped all-fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:9339-9346. [PMID: 25968764 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.009339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an all-fiber, all-polarization maintaining (PM) ultrafast Tm-doped fiber laser mode-locked by a multilayer graphene-based saturable absorber (SA). The laser emits 603 fs-short pulses centered at 1876 nm wavelength with 6.6 nm of bandwidth and 41 MHz repetition rate. Graphene used as saturable absorber was obtained via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on copper substrate and immersed in a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) support, forming a stable, free-standing foil containing 12 graphene layers, suitable for the use in a fiber laser. The generated 603 fs pulses are the shortest reported pulses achieved from a Tm-doped laser mode-locked by graphene saturable absorber so far. Additionally, this is the first demonstration of an all-PM Tm-doped fiber laser incorporating a graphene-based SA. Such cost-effective, compact and stable fiber lasers might be considered as sources usable in nonlinear frequency conversion, mid-infrared spectroscopy and remote sensing.
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Huang Y, Luo Z, Xiong F, Li Y, Zhong M, Cai Z, Xu H, Fu H. Direct generation of 2 W average-power and 232 nJ picosecond pulses from an ultra-simple Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1097-1100. [PMID: 25768191 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of 2.06 W average-power and 232 nJ picosecond mode-locked pulses directly from an ultra-simple Yb-doped fiber laser. A section of Yb-doped double-clad fiber pumped by a 976 nm laser diode provides the large gain, and the linear cavity is simply formed by a 1064 nm highly reflective fiber Bragg grating and a fiber loop mirror (FLM) using a 5/95 optical coupler. The asymmetric FLM not only acts as the output mirror for providing ∼20% optical feedback, but also equivalently behaves as a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) to initiate the mode-locking operation in this cavity. Stable mode-locking is therefore achieved over a pump power of 3.76 W. The mode-locked pulses show the dissipative soliton resonance (DSR), which has the pulse duration of 695 ps to ∼1 ns, and the almost unchanged peak power of ∼200 W as increasing the pump power. In particular, this laser can emit 232 nJ high-energy DSR pulses with an average output power of >2 W. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of such an ultra-simple, mode-locked fiber laser that enables watt-level, high energy, picosecond DSR pulses.
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30
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Chen H, Chen SP, Jiang ZF, Hou J. Flexible rectangular wave-breaking-free pulse generation in actively mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:26449-26456. [PMID: 25401796 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.026449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate nanosecond scale rectangular wave-breaking-free pulse generation in an actively mode locked Yb-doped fiber laser based on a combined action of active periodic cavity loss modulation and nonlinear polarization rotation effect. The pulse width of the laser can be controlled in the range of 890 ps to above 124 ns instantaneously by adjusting the electrical signal applied on the modulator. As high as 19.8 nJ wave-breaking-free pulse is achieved with maximum available pump power. The output pulse temporal dynamics exhibit various distinct characteristics under different modulation and polarization control. The laser presents unusually flexible tunabilities in pulse width, pulse energy and pulse shape.
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31
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Xia H, Li H, Lan C, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang S, Liu Y. Ultrafast erbium-doped fiber laser mode-locked by a CVD-grown molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:17341-17348. [PMID: 25090547 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.017341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an erbium-doped fiber laser passively mode-locked by a multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) saturable absorber (SA). The multilayer MoS(2) is prepared by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and transferred onto the end-face of a fiber connector. Taking advantage of the excellent saturable absorption of the fabricated MoS(2)-based SA, stable mode locking is obtained at a pump threshold of 31 mW. Resultant output soliton pulses have central wavelength, spectral width, pulse duration, and repetition rate of 1568.9 nm, 2.6 nm, 1.28 ps, and 8.288 MHz, respectively. The experimental results show that multilayer MoS(2) is a promising material for ultrafast laser systems.
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Zhao N, Liu M, Liu H, Zheng XW, Ning QY, Luo AP, Luo ZC, Xu WC. Dual-wavelength rectangular pulse Yb-doped fiber laser using a microfiber-based graphene saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:10906-10913. [PMID: 24921789 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.010906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We reported on the generation of dual-wavelength rectangular pulses in a Yb-doped fiber laser (YDFL) by using a microfiber-based graphene saturable absorber (GSA). The duration of dual-wavelength rectangular pulse could be varied from 1.41 ns to 4.23 ns with the increasing pump power. With a tunable bandpass filter, it was found that the characteristics of the rectangular pulses centered at 1061.8 nm and 1068.8 nm are similar to each other. Moreover, the dual-wavelength switchable operation was also realized by properly rotating the polarization controllers (PCs). The demonstration of the dual-wavelength rectangular pulses from a YDFL would open some applications for fields such as spectroscopy, biomedicine and sensing research.
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Li X, Zhang S, Hao Y, Yang Z. Pulse bursts with a controllable number of pulses from a mode-locked Yb-doped all fiber laser system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:6699-6706. [PMID: 24664019 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.006699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulse bursts with a controllable number of pulses per burst have been produced directly from a mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser for the first time. Each output burst contained numerous pulses with a high pulse repetition rate of 29.4 MHz. The duration of a single pulse was 680 ps. The pulse burst had a repetition rate of 251.6 kHz. The pulse burst could easily be further amplified to a total pulse burst energy of ~795 nJ, corresponding to a total average power of 200 mW.
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Song YF, Li L, Zhang H, Shen DY, Tang DY, Loh KP. Vector multi-soliton operation and interaction in a graphene mode-locked fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:10010-10018. [PMID: 23609706 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigated the vector multi-soliton operation and vector soliton interaction in an erbium doped fiber laser passively mode locked by atomic layer graphene. It is found that the vector multi-soliton operation exhibited several characteristic modes. These are the random static distribution of vector solitons, stable bunches of vector solitons, restless oscillations of vector solitons, rain of vector solitons, and emission of a so-called "giant vector soliton". The formation mechanisms of the operation modes were also experimentally investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng Song
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
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Mary R, Brown G, Beecher SJ, Torrisi F, Milana S, Popa D, Hasan T, Sun Z, Lidorikis E, Ohara S, Ferrari AC, Kar AK. 1.5 GHz picosecond pulse generation from a monolithic waveguide laser with a graphene-film saturable output coupler. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:7943-7950. [PMID: 23571886 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.007943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We fabricate a saturable absorber mirror by coating a graphene- film on an output coupler mirror. This is then used to obtain Q-switched mode-locking from a diode-pumped linear cavity channel waveguide laser inscribed in Ytterbium-doped Bismuthate Glass. The laser produces 1.06 ps pulses at ~1039 nm, with a 1.5 GHz repetition rate, 48% slope efficiency and 202 mW average output power. This performance is due to the combination of the graphene saturable absorber and the high quality optical waveguides in the laser glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, UK.
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Sotor J, Sobon G, Abramski KM. Scalar soliton generation in all-polarization-maintaining, graphene mode-locked fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:2166-2168. [PMID: 22660156 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
All-polarization-maintaining, self-starting Erbium-doped fiber laser based on graphene-saturable absorber is presented. Scalar soliton pulses with 570 fs duration and 114.1 MHz repetition rate were achieved at a 1557 nm center wavelength and with 6 nm bandwidth. The graphene-saturable absorber was formed by mechanical exfoliation of pure graphite. The laser was environmentally stable and could operate for long periods of time with linearly polarized output and degree of polarization at the level of 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Sotor
- Laser & Fiber Electronics Group, Institute of Telecommunications, Teleinformatics and Acoustics, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Bao Q, Loh KP. Graphene photonics, plasmonics, and broadband optoelectronic devices. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3677-94. [PMID: 22512399 DOI: 10.1021/nn300989g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has been hailed as a wonderful material in electronics, and recently, it is the rising star in photonics, as well. The wonderful optical properties of graphene afford multiple functions of signal emitting, transmitting, modulating, and detection to be realized in one material. In this paper, the latest progress in graphene photonics, plasmonics, and broadband optoelectronic devices is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the ability to integrate graphene photonics onto the silicon platform to afford broadband operation in light routing and amplification, which involves components like polarizer, modulator, and photodetector. Other functions like saturable absorber and optical limiter are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoliang Bao
- Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546
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Xu JL, Li XL, Wu YZ, Hao XP, He JL, Yang KJ. Graphene saturable absorber mirror for ultra-fast-pulse solid-state laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:1948-1950. [PMID: 21593945 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High-quality graphene sheets with lateral size over 20 μm have been obtained by bath sonicating after subjecting the wormlike graphite marginally to mixed oxidizer. To date, to our knowledge, they are the largest graphene sheets prepared by exfoliation in the liquid phase. A saturable absorber mirror was fabricated based on these sheets. We exploited it to realize mode-locking operation in a diode-pumped Nd:GdVO(4) laser. A pulse duration of 16 ps was produced with an average power of 360 mW and a highest pulse energy of 8.4 nJ for a graphene mode-locked laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji’nan 250100, China
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Li XL, Xu JL, Wu YZ, He JL, Hao XP. Large energy laser pulses with high repetition rate by graphene Q-switched solid-state laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:9950-9955. [PMID: 21643251 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.009950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that the graphene could be used as an effective saturable absorber for Q-switched solid-state lasers. A graphene saturable absorber mirror was fabricated with large and high-quality graphene sheets deprived from the liquid phase exfoliation. Using this mirror, 105-ns pulses and 2.3-W average output power are obtained from a passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO(4) laser. The maximum pulse energy is 3.2 μJ. The slope efficiency is as high as 37% approximating to 40% of the continue-wave laser, indicating a low intrinsic loss of the graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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