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Lung S, Wang K, Pedersen NRH, Setzpfandt F, Sukhorukov AA. Robust Classical and Quantum Polarimetry with a Single Nanostructured Metagrating. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1060-1067. [PMID: 38523750 PMCID: PMC10958599 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
We formulate a new conceptual approach for one-shot complete polarization state measurement with nanostructured metasurfaces applicable to classical light and multiphoton quantum states by drawing on the principles of generalized quantum measurements based on positive operator-valued measures. Accurate polarization reconstruction from a combination of photon counts or correlations from several diffraction orders is robust with respect to even strong fabrication inaccuracies, requiring only a single classical calibration of the metasurface transmission. Furthermore, this approach operates with a single metagrating without interleaving, allowing for a reduction in metasurface size while preserving high transmission efficiency and output beam quality. We theoretically obtained original metasurface designs, fabricated the metasurface from amorphous silicon nanostructures deposited on glass, and experimentally confirmed accurate polarization reconstruction of laser beams. We also anticipate robust operation under changes in environmental conditions, opening new possibilities for space-based imaging and satellite optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Lung
- Abbe
Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller
Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Jena 07745, Germany
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS),
Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of
Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Kai Wang
- Department
of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Nicolas R. H. Pedersen
- Abbe
Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller
Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Frank Setzpfandt
- Abbe
Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller
Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Jena 07745, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Sukhorukov
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS),
Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of
Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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Wang HJ, Hu ZL, Shao SY, Zhang FF, Tao L. Locating sources of Szegedy's quantum network. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014311. [PMID: 38366511 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Source location in quantum networks is a critical area of research with profound implications for cutting-edge fields such as quantum state tomography, quantum computing, and quantum communication. In this study, we present groundbreaking research on the technique and theory of source location in Szegedy's quantum networks. We develop a linear system evolution model for a Szegedy's quantum network system using matrix vectorization techniques. Subsequently, we propose a highly precise and robust source-location algorithm based on compressed sensing specifically tailored for Szegedy's quantum network. To validate the effectiveness and feasibility of our algorithm, we conduct numerical simulations on various model and real networks, yielding compelling results. These findings underscore the potential of our approach in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jue Wang
- School of Information Beijing Wuzi University, 101149 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Long Hu
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yu Shao
- Logistics School, Beijing Wuzi University, 101149 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Feng Zhang
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Beijing Wuzi University, 101149 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tao
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Beijing Wuzi University, 101149 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Banchi L, Kolthammer WS, Kim MS. Multiphoton Tomography with Linear Optics and Photon Counting. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:250402. [PMID: 30608836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.250402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Determining an unknown quantum state from an ensemble of identical systems is a fundamental, yet experimentally demanding, task in quantum science. Here we study the number of measurement bases needed to fully characterize an arbitrary multimode state containing a definite number of photons, or an arbitrary mixture of such states. We show this task can be achieved using only linear optics and photon counting, which yield a practical though nonuniversal set of projective measurements. We derive the minimum number of measurement settings required and numerically show that this lower bound is saturated with random linear optics configurations, such as when the corresponding unitary transformation is Haar random. Furthermore, we show that for N photons, any unitary 2N design can be used to derive an analytical, though nonoptimal, state reconstruction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Banchi
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Steven Kolthammer
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M S Kim
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Wang K, Titchener JG, Kruk SS, Xu L, Chung HP, Parry M, Kravchenko II, Chen YH, Solntsev AS, Kivshar YS, Neshev DN, Sukhorukov AA. Quantum metasurface for multiphoton interference and state reconstruction. Science 2018; 361:1104-1108. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metasurfaces based on resonant nanophotonic structures have enabled innovative types of flat-optics devices that often outperform the capabilities of bulk components, yet these advances remain largely unexplored for quantum applications. We show that nonclassical multiphoton interferences can be achieved at the subwavelength scale in all-dielectric metasurfaces. We simultaneously image multiple projections of quantum states with a single metasurface, enabling a robust reconstruction of amplitude, phase, coherence, and entanglement of multiphoton polarization-encoded states. One- and two-photon states are reconstructed through nonlocal photon correlation measurements with polarization-insensitive click detectors positioned after the metasurface, and the scalability to higher photon numbers is established theoretically. Our work illustrates the feasibility of ultrathin quantum metadevices for the manipulation and measurement of multiphoton quantum states, with applications in free-space quantum imaging and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - James G. Titchener
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Quantum Technology Enterprise Centre, Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Sergey S. Kruk
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lei Xu
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hung-Pin Chung
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Parry
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ivan I. Kravchenko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yen-Hung Chen
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
- Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Alexander S. Solntsev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yuri S. Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dragomir N. Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey A. Sukhorukov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Diener R, Tepper J, Labadie L, Pertsch T, Nolte S, Minardi S. Towards 3D-photonic, multi-telescope beam combiners for mid-infrared astrointerferometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:19262-19274. [PMID: 29041119 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.019262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades high precision optical astronomical interferometry has benefited from the use of photonic technologies. Today, near-infrared interferometric instruments deliver high-resolution, hyperspectral images of astronomical objects and combine up to 4 independent telescopes at a time thanks to integrated optics (IO). Following the success of IO interferometry, several initiatives aim at developing components which could combine simultaneously more telescopes and extend their operation beyond the near-infrared bands. Here we report on the development of multi-telescope IO beam combiners for mid-infrared interferometry exploiting the three-dimensional (3D) structuring capabilities of ultrafast laser inscription. We characterise the capability of a 2-telescope and a 4-telescope beam combiner to retrieve the visibility amplitude and phase of monochromatic light fields at a wavelength of 3.39 µm. The combiner prototypes exploit different 3D architectures and are written with a femtosecond laser on substrates of Gallium Lanthanum Sulfide. Supporting numerical simulations of the performance of the beam combiners show that there is still room for improvement and indicate a roadmap for the development of future prototypes.
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