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Zhang H, Ma Y, Liao K, Yang W, Liu Z, Ding D, Yan H, Li W, Zhang L. Rydberg atom electric field sensing for metrology, communication and hybrid quantum systems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1515-1535. [PMID: 38614855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Rydberg atoms-based electric field sensing has developed rapidly over the past decade. A variety of theoretical proposals and experiment configurations are suggested and realized to improve the measurement metrics, such as intensity sensitivity, bandwidth, phase, and accuracy. The Stark effect and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) are fundamental physics principles behind the stage. Furthermore, various techniques such as amplitude- or frequency-modulation, optical homodyne read-out, microwave superheterodyne and frequency conversion based on multi-wave mixing in atoms are utilized to push the metrics into higher levels. In this review, different technologies and the corresponding metrics they had achieved were presented, hoping to inspire more possibilities in the improvement of metrics of Rydberg atom-based electric field sensing and broadness of application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kaiyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongkai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dongsheng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Wenhui Li
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Linjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
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Xiong B, Chao S, Shan C, Liu J. Optomechanical squeezing with pulse modulation. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5545-5548. [PMID: 37219265 DOI: 10.1364/ol.471230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantum control technology provides an increasingly useful toolbox for quantum information tasks. In this Letter, by introducing a pulsed coupling to a standard optomechanical system, we show that stronger squeezing can be obtained with pulse modulation due to the reduction of the heating coefficient. Also, the general squeezed states, such as the squeezed vacuum, squeezed coherent, and squeezed cat states, can be obtained with their squeezing level exceeding 3 dB. Moreover, our scheme is robust to cavity decay, thermal temperature, and classical noise, which is friendly to experiments. The present work can extend the application of quantum engineering technology in optomechanical systems.
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Li T, Li F, Liu X, Yakovlev VV, Agarwal GS. Quantum-enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering spectroscopy and imaging. OPTICA 2022; 9:959-964. [PMID: 37398895 PMCID: PMC10312138 DOI: 10.1364/optica.467635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy is an emerging label-free imaging technique used to assess local viscoelastic properties. Quantum-enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering is demonstrated using low power continuous-wave lasers at 795 nm. A signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of 3.4 dB is reported by using two-mode intensity-difference squeezed light generated with the four-wave mixing process in atomic rubidium vapor. The low optical power and the excitation wavelengths in the water transparency window have the potential to provide a powerful bio-imaging technique for probing mechanical properties of biological samples prone to phototoxicity and thermal effects. The performance enhancement affordable through the use of quantum light may pave the way for significantly improved sensitivity that cannot be achieved classically. The proposed method for utilizing squeezed light for enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering can be easily adapted for both spectroscopic and imaging applications in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, USA
| | - Fu Li
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Girish S. Agarwal
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Li J, Zhu C, Yang Y. Squeezed light generated with hyperradiance without nonlinearity. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3439-3442. [PMID: 35838698 DOI: 10.1364/ol.464060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose that the squeezed light accompanied by hyperradiance is induced by quantum interference in a linear system consisting of a high-quality optical cavity and two coherently driven two-level qubits. When two qubits are placed in the cavity with a distance of integer multiple and one-half of wavelengths (i.e., they have the opposite coupling coefficient to the cavity), we show that squeezed light is generated in the hyperradiance regime under the conditions of strong coupling and weak driving. Simultaneously, Klyshko's criterion alternates up and down at unity when the photon number is even or odd. Moreover, the orthogonal angles of the squeezed light can be controlled by adjusting the frequency detuning between the driving field and the qubits. It can be implemented in a variety of quantum systems, including but not limited to two-level systems such as atoms, ions, quantum dots in single-mode cavities.
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Xu Z, Oguchi K, Taguchi Y, Sano Y, Miyawaki Y, Cheon D, Katoh K, Ozeki Y. Stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy with quantum-enhanced balanced detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:18589-18598. [PMID: 36221657 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering (QE-SRS) is a promising technique for highly sensitive molecular vibrational imaging and spectroscopy surpassing the shot noise limit. However, the previous demonstrations of QE-SRS utilized rather weak optical power which hinders from competing with the sensitivity of state-of-the-art SRS microscopy and spectroscopy using relatively high-power optical pulses. Here, we demonstrate SRS spectroscopy with quantum-enhanced balanced detection (QE-BD) scheme, which works even when using high-power optical pulses. We used 4-ps pulses to generate pulsed squeezed vacuum at a wavelength of 844 nm with a squeezing level of -3.28 ± 0.12 dB generated from a periodically-poled stoichiometric LiTaO3 waveguide. The squeezed vacuum was introduced to an SRS spectrometer employing a high-speed spectral scanner to acquire QE-SRS spectrum in the wavenumber range of 2000-2280 cm-1 within 50 ms. Using SRS pump pulses with an average power of 11.3 mW, we successfully obtained QE-SRS spectrum whose SNR was better than classical SRS with balanced-detection by 2.27 dB.
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Liu S, Lou Y, Jing J. Phase manipulated two-mode entangled state from a phase-sensitive amplifier. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:38971-38978. [PMID: 34809269 DOI: 10.1364/oe.439375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phase manipulation of the two-mode entangled state, which can flexibly control the combination of quadrature components on demand, is important for continuous variable (CV) quantum information and quantum metrology. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the phase manipulation of entangled state by using a phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) based on four-wave mixing (FWM) process. The entanglement with different phase space squeezing orientations can be generated by directly changing the phase of the PSA. Our scheme is concise and can be expanded to generate multi-parties entangled states on demand. Our results here pave the way to realize a phase-coded quantum key distribution protocol and squeezing-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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Michael Y, Jonas I, Bello L, Meller ME, Cohen E, Rosenbluh M, Pe'er A. Augmenting the Sensing Performance of Entangled Photon Pairs through Asymmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:173603. [PMID: 34739301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We analyze theoretically and experimentally cases of asymmetric detection, stimulation, and loss within a quantum nonlinear interferometer of entangled pairs. We show that the visibility of the SU(1,1) interference directly discerns between loss on the measured mode (signal) and the conjugated mode (idler). This asymmetry also affects the phase sensitivity of the interferometer, where coherent seeding is shown to mitigate losses that are suffered by the conjugated mode; therefore increasing the maximum threshold of loss that permits sub-shot-noise phase detection. Our findings can improve the performance of setups that rely on direct detection of entangled pairs, such as quantum interferometry and imaging with undetected photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoad Michael
- BINA Center for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Isaac Jonas
- BINA Center for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Leon Bello
- BINA Center for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | | | - Eliahu Cohen
- BINA Center for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Michael Rosenbluh
- BINA Center for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Avi Pe'er
- BINA Center for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
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