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Kudryashov S, Danilov P, Smirnov N, Krasin G, Khmelnitskii R, Kovalchuk O, Kriulina G, Martovitskiy V, Lednev V, Sdvizhenskii P, Gulina Y, Rimskaya E, Kuzmin E, Chen J, Kovalev M, Levchenko A. "Stealth Scripts": Ultrashort Pulse Laser Luminescent Microscale Encoding of Bulk Diamonds via Ultrafast Multi-Scale Atomistic Structural Transformations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:192. [PMID: 36616102 PMCID: PMC9824049 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ultrashort-laser photoexcitation and structural modification of buried atomistic optical impurity centers in crystalline diamonds are the key enabling processes in the fabrication of ultrasensitive robust spectroscopic probes of electrical, magnetic, stress, temperature fields, and single-photon nanophotonic devices, as well as in "stealth" luminescent nano/microscale encoding in natural diamonds for their commercial tracing. Despite recent remarkable advances in ultrashort-laser predetermined generation of primitive optical centers in diamonds even on the single-center level, the underlying multi-scale basic processes, rather similar to other semiconductors and dielectrics, are almost uncovered due to the multitude of the involved multi-scale ultrafast and spatially inhomogeneous optical, electronic, thermal, and structural elementary events. We enlighten non-linear wavelength-, polarization-, intensity-, pulsewidth-, and focusing-dependent photoexcitation and energy deposition mechanisms in diamonds, coupled to the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses and ultrafast off-focus energy transport by electron-hole plasma, transient plasma- and hot-phonon-induced stress generation and the resulting variety of diverse structural atomistic modifications in the diamond lattice. Our findings pave the way for new forthcoming groundbreaking experiments and comprehensive enlightening two-temperature and/or atomistic modeling both in diamonds and other semiconductor/dielectric materials, as well as innovative technological breakthroughs in the field of single-photon source fabrication and "stealth" luminescent nano/microencoding in bulk diamonds for their commercial tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oleg Kovalchuk
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Geo-Scientific Research Enterprise Public Joint Stock Company «ALROSA», 678175 Mirny, Russia
| | - Galina Kriulina
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Geology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vasily Lednev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yulia Gulina
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Jiajun Chen
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Yang TI, Huang YW, Bista P, Ding CF, Chen J, Chiang CT, Chang HC. Photoluminescence of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers by Ultraviolet One- and Two-Photon Excitation of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11280-11287. [PMID: 36449371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds contain nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers as quantum defects. When exposed to a continuous-wave 325 nm laser or a femtosecond 344 nm laser, the particles emit red fluorescence from NV0 centers at ∼620 nm. Power dependence measurements of the emission strength revealed a predominantly linear behavior at the laser peak intensity lower than 1 GW·cm-2, contributed mainly by photoexcitation of electrons from the valence band of diamond to the NV0 centers, followed by relaxation via electron-hole recombination. In the higher power regions, however, nonresonant two-photon interband excitation of the diamond matrix dominates the photoluminescence processes. Best fits of the experimental data to semiempirical models revealed an ionization coefficient of ∼1 cm-1 for the one-photon valence-to-defect excitation and a saturation intensity of 180 ± 60 GW·cm-2 for the two-photon interband excitation. The study provides new insight into the photoionization of NV0 centers and the interband excitation properties of diamond in the UV region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-I Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Prabesh Bista
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan320317, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fang Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeson Chen
- Department of Electric Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City242062, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Chiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
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Jones Z, Niemuth NJ, Zhang Y, Protter CR, Kinsley PC, Klaper RD, Hamers RJ. Use of Magnetic Modulation of Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Fluorescence in Nanodiamonds for Quantitative Analysis of Nanoparticles in Organisms. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:351-360. [PMID: 35996538 PMCID: PMC9390786 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence intensity emitted by nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond nanoparticles can be readily modulated by the application of a magnetic field using a small electromagnet. By acquiring interleaved images acquired in the presence and absence of the magnetic field and performing digital subtraction, the fluorescence intensity of the NV nanodiamond can be isolated from scattering and autofluorescence even when these backgrounds are changing monotonically during the experiments. This approach has the potential to enable the robust identification of nanodiamonds in organisms and other complex environments. Yet, the practical application of magnetic modulation imaging to realistic systems requires the use of quantitative analysis methods based on signal-to-noise considerations. Here, we describe the use of magnetic modulation to analyze the uptake of diamond nanoparticles from an aqueous environment into Caenorhabditis elegans, used here as a model system for identification and quantification of nanodiamonds in complex matrices. Based on the observed signal-to-noise ratio of sets of digitally subtracted images, we show that nanodiamonds can be identified on an individual pixel basis with a >99.95% confidence. To determine whether surface functionalization of the nanodiamond significantly impacted uptake, we used this approach to analyze the presence of nanodiamonds in C. elegans that had been exposed to these functionalized nanodiamonds in the water column, with uptake likely occurring by ingestion. In each case, the images show a significant nanoparticle uptake. However, differences in uptake between the three ligands were not outside of the experimental error, indicating that additional factors beyond the surface charge are important factors controlling uptake. Analysis of the number of pixels above the threshold in individual C. elegans organisms revealed distributions that deviate significantly from a Poisson distribution, suggesting that uptake of nanoparticles may not be a statistically independent event. The results presented here demonstrate that magnetic modulation combined with quantitative analysis of the resulting images can be used to robustly characterize nanoparticle uptake into organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary
R. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Niemuth
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Yongqian Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Connor R. Protter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Paige C. Kinsley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rebecca D. Klaper
- School
of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Robert J. Hamers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Li DF, Du B, Chen XD, Guo GC, Sun FW. Low power charge state depletion nanoscopy of the defect in diamonds with a pulsed laser excitation. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:730-733. [PMID: 32004296 DOI: 10.1364/ol.383388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon charge state conversion has been utilized to improve the spatial resolution of the sensing and imaging with the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamonds. Here, we studied the charge state conversion of the NV center under picosecond pulsed laser excitation. With the same average power, the charge state conversion rate can be improved approximately 24 times by reducing the repetition rate of the laser pulse from 80 to 1 MHz. Subsequently, a pulsed laser with a low repetition rate was applied for the super-resolution charge state depletion microscopy of the NV center. The average power of the depletion laser was reduced approximately 5 times. It can decrease the optical heating, which affects the accuracy and sensitivity of sensing. With the assistance of an additional near-infrared laser, a resolution of 12 nm was obtained with 1 mW depletion laser power. Combined with spin manipulation, we expect our results can be used for the development of a diffraction-unlimited NV center sensing.
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