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Wei B, Cheng Z, Cai D, Cui M. Monolithic 3D phase profile formation in glass for spatial and temporal control of optical waves. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:24822-24830. [PMID: 36237026 PMCID: PMC9363034 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical manufacturing technologies play a central role in modern science and engineering. Progress on both subtractive and additive fabrications is transforming the implementation of optical technologies. Despite the recent advances, modern fabrication still faces challenges in the accuracy, dimension, durability, intensity, and wavelength range. Here we present a direct monolithic 3D phase profile formation in glass and demonstrate its versatile applications for high-accuracy spatial and temporal control of optical waves in the extreme wavelength and intensity domains, direct fabrication of microlenses, and in situ aberration correction for refractive components. These advances and flexibilities will provide a new dimension for high-performance optical design and manufacture and enable novel applications in a broad range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wei
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zongyue Cheng
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dawen Cai
- Department of cell and development biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Akolawala Q, Rovituso M, Versteeg HH, Rondon AMR, Accardo A. Evaluation of Proton-Induced DNA Damage in 3D-Engineered Glioblastoma Microenvironments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20778-20789. [PMID: 35442634 PMCID: PMC9100514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating cancer of the brain with an extremely poor prognosis. For this reason, besides clinical and preclinical studies, novel in vitro models for the assessment of cancer response to drugs and radiation are being developed. In such context, three-dimensional (3D)-engineered cellular microenvironments, compared to unrealistic two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture, provide a model closer to the in vivo configuration. Concerning cancer treatment, while X-ray radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain the current standard, proton beam therapy is an appealing alternative as protons can be efficiently targeted to destroy cancer cells while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. However, despite the treatment's compelling biological and medical rationale, little is known about the effects of protons on GBM at the cellular level. In this work, we designed novel 3D-engineered scaffolds inspired by the geometry of brain blood vessels, which cover a vital role in the colonization mechanisms of GBM cells. The architectures were fabricated by two-photon polymerization (2PP), cultured with U-251 GBM cells and integrated for the first time in the context of proton radiation experiments to assess their response to treatment. We employed Gamma H2A.X as a fluorescent biomarker to identify the DNA damage induced in the cells by proton beams. The results show a higher DNA double-strand breakage in 2D cell monolayers as compared to cells cultured in 3D. The discrepancy in terms of proton radiation response could indicate a difference in the radioresistance of the GBM cells or in the rate of repair kinetics between 2D cell monolayers and 3D cell networks. Thus, these biomimetic-engineered 3D scaffolds pave the way for the realization of a benchmark tool that can be used to routinely assess the effects of proton therapy on 3D GBM cell networks and other types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Akolawala
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628
CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Rovituso
- Holland
Proton Therapy Center (HollandPTC), Huismansingel 4, 2629 JH Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H. Versteeg
- Einthoven
Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis
and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Araci M. R. Rondon
- Einthoven
Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis
and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628
CD Delft, The Netherlands
- . Tel: +31 (0)15 27 81610
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Butkutė A, Merkininkaitė G, Jurkšas T, Stančikas J, Baravykas T, Vargalis R, Tičkūnas T, Bachmann J, Šakirzanovas S, Sirutkaitis V, Jonušauskas L. Femtosecond Laser Assisted 3D Etching Using Inorganic-Organic Etchant. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082817. [PMID: 35454510 PMCID: PMC9030282 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Selective laser etching (SLE) is a technique that allows the fabrication of arbitrarily shaped glass micro-objects. In this work, we show how the capabilities of this technology can be improved in terms of selectivity and etch rate by applying an etchant solution based on a Potassium Hydroxide, water, and isopropanol mixture. By varying the concentrations of these constituents, the wetting properties, as well as the chemical reaction of fused silica etching, can be changed, allowing us to achieve etching rates in modified fused silica up to 820 μm/h and selectivity up to ∼3000. This is used to produce a high aspect ratio (up to 1:1000), straight and spiral microfluidic channels which are embedded inside a volume of glass. Complex 3D glass micro-structures are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Butkutė
- Femtika Ltd., Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.M.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (R.V.); (T.T.)
- Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.S.); (V.S.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Greta Merkininkaitė
- Femtika Ltd., Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.M.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (R.V.); (T.T.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geoscience, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Tomas Jurkšas
- Femtika Ltd., Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.M.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (R.V.); (T.T.)
| | - Jokūbas Stančikas
- Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.S.); (V.S.); (L.J.)
| | - Tomas Baravykas
- Femtika Ltd., Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.M.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (R.V.); (T.T.)
| | - Rokas Vargalis
- Femtika Ltd., Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.M.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (R.V.); (T.T.)
| | - Titas Tičkūnas
- Femtika Ltd., Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.M.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (R.V.); (T.T.)
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Simas Šakirzanovas
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geoscience, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Valdas Sirutkaitis
- Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.S.); (V.S.); (L.J.)
| | - Linas Jonušauskas
- Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.S.); (V.S.); (L.J.)
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Chen J, Yao B, Yang Z, Shi W, Luo T, Xi P, Jin D, Li Y. Ratiometric 4Pi single-molecule localization with optimal resolution and color assignment. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:325-328. [PMID: 35030598 DOI: 10.1364/ol.446987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
4Pi single-molecule localization microscopy (4Pi-SMLM) with two opposing objectives achieves sub-10 nm isotropic 3D resolution when as few as 250 photons are collected by each objective. Here, we develop a new ratiometric multi-color imaging strategy for 4Pi-SMLM that employs the intrinsic multi-phase interference intensity without increasing the complexity of the system and achieves both optimal 3D resolution and color separation. By partially linking the photon parameters between channels with an interference difference of π during global fitting of the multi-channel 4Pi single-molecule data, we show via simulated data that the loss of localization precision is minimal compared with the theoretical minimum uncertainty, the Cramer-Rao lower bound.
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Abstract
A pilot study on laser 3D printing of inorganic free-form micro-optics is experimentally validated. Ultrafast laser direct-write (LDW) nanolithography is employed for structuring hybrid organic-inorganic material SZ2080TM followed by high-temperature calcination post-processing. The combination allows the production of 3D architectures and the heat-treatment results in converting the material to inorganic substances. The produced miniature optical elements are characterized and their optical performance is demonstrated. Finally, the concept is validated for manufacturing compound optical components such as stacked lenses. This is an opening for new directions and applications of laser-made micro-optics under harsh conditions such as high intensity radiation, temperature, acidic environment, pressure variations, which include open space, astrophotonics, and remote sensing.
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Tomkus V, Girdauskas V, Dudutis J, Gečys P, Stankevič V, Račiukaitis G, Gallardo González I, Guénot D, Svensson JB, Persson A, Lundh O. Laser wakefield accelerated electron beams and betatron radiation from multijet gas targets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16807. [PMID: 33033319 PMCID: PMC7545103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser Plasma Wakefield Accelerated (LWFA) electron beams and efficiency of betatron X-ray sources is studied using laser micromachined supersonic gas jet nozzle arrays. Separate sections of the target are used for the injection, acceleration and enhancement of electron oscillation. In this report, we present the results of LWFA and X-ray generation using dynamic gas density grid built by shock-waves of colliding jets. The experiment was done with the 40 TW, 35 fs laser at the Lund Laser Centre. Electron energies of 30–150 MeV and 1.0 × 108–5.5 × 108 photons per shot of betatron radiation have been measured. The implementation of the betatron source with separate regions of LWFA and plasma density grid raised the efficiency of X-ray generation and increased the number of photons per shot by a factor of 2–3 relative to a single-jet gas target source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidmantas Tomkus
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 02300, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Valdas Girdauskas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 02300, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vytautas Magnus University, 44248, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Dudutis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Gečys
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | - Diego Guénot
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Persson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Bauer J, Izard AG, Zhang Y, Baldacchini T, Valdevit L. Thermal post-curing as an efficient strategy to eliminate process parameter sensitivity in the mechanical properties of two-photon polymerized materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:20362-20371. [PMID: 32680097 DOI: 10.1364/oe.395986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP-DLW) is one of the most versatile technologies to additively manufacture complex parts with nanoscale resolution. However, the wide range of mechanical properties that results from the chosen combination of multiple process parameters imposes an obstacle to its widespread use. Here we introduce a thermal post-curing route as an effective and simple method to increase the mechanical properties of acrylate-based TPP-DLW-derived parts by 20-250% and to largely eliminate the characteristic coupling of processing parameters, material properties and part functionality. We identify the underlying mechanism of the property enhancement as a self-initiated thermal curing reaction, which robustly facilitates the high property reproducibility that is essential for any application of TPP-DLW.
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Cooperstein I, Indukuri SRKC, Bouketov A, Levy U, Magdassi S. 3D Printing of Micrometer-Sized Transparent Ceramics with On-Demand Optical-Gain Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001675. [PMID: 32419262 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transparent ceramics are usually polycrystalline materials, which are wildly used in many optical applications, such as lasers. As of today, the fabrication of transparent ceramic structures is still limited to conventional fabrication methods, which do not enable the formation of complex structures. A new approach for 3D printing of micrometer-size, transparent ceramic structures is presented. By using a solution of metal salts that can undergo a sol-gel process and photopolymerization by two-photon printing, micrometer-sized yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) structures doped with neodymium (Nd) are fabricated. The resulting structures are not only transparent in the visible spectrum but can also emit light at 1064 nm due to the doping with Nd. By using solution-based precursors, without any particles, the sintering can be performed under air at ambient pressure and at a relatively low temperature, compared to conventional processes for YAG. The crystalline structure is imaged at atomic resolution by ultrahigh-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), indicating that the doped Nd atoms are located at the yttrium positions. Such miniaturized structures can be used for diverse applications, e.g., optical components in high-intensity laser systems, which require heat resistance, or as light sources in optical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Cooperstein
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - S R K Chaitanya Indukuri
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Alisa Bouketov
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Uriel Levy
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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Butkutė A, Čekanavičius L, Rimšelis G, Gailevičius D, Mizeikis V, Melninkaitis A, Baldacchini T, Jonušauskas L, Malinauskas M. Optical damage thresholds of microstructures made by laser three-dimensional nanolithography: publisher's note. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:980. [PMID: 32058522 DOI: 10.1364/ol.389912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This publisher's note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.45, 13 (2020).OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.45.000013.
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