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Yang D, Yang Z, Zhang Y. Wavefront-splitting interferometer based on orbital angular momentum beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28954-28962. [PMID: 37710704 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) interferometers have attracted great attention in metrology. However, OAM interferometers usually have large sizes and are difficult to align. OAM-based wavefront-splitting interferometer (WSI-OAM) can achieve nano-displacement measurement with compact size and easy to align. In this manuscript, we propose and demonstrate a nano-displacement measurement system based on WSI-OAM. A resolution of 0.1 nm with an uncertainty of 0.013 nm is achieved with measurement accuracy higher than 99.87% and linearity close to 99%. This work offers a practical approach to miniaturize and integrate OAM interferometers in metrology.
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Groeneveld I, Jaspars A, Akca IB, Somsen GW, Ariese F, van Bommel MR. Use of liquid-core waveguides as photochemical reactors and/or for chemical analysis – An overview. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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3
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Laser nano-filament explosion for enabling open-grating sensing in optical fibre. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6344. [PMID: 34732710 PMCID: PMC8566495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedding strong photonic stopbands into traditional optical fibre that can directly access and sense the outside environment is challenging, relying on tedious nano-processing steps that result in fragile thinned fibre. Ultrashort-pulsed laser filaments have recently provided a non-contact means of opening high-aspect ratio nano-holes inside of bulk transparent glasses. This method has been extended here to optical fibre, resulting in high density arrays of laser filamented holes penetrating transversely through the silica cladding and guiding core to provide high refractive index contrast Bragg gratings in the telecommunication band. The point‐by‐point fabrication was combined with post-chemical etching to engineer strong photonic stopbands directly inside of the compact and flexible fibre. Fibre Bragg gratings with sharply resolved π-shifts are presented for high resolution refractive index sensing from \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${n}_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}$$\end{document}nH = 1 to 1.67 as the nano-holes were readily wetted and filled with various solvents and oils through an intact fibre cladding. Engineered stop bands to sense an ambient environment can enable many applications. Here, the authors demonstrate well-controlled processes to open high-aspect ratio nanoholes through optical fibre for Bragg gratings in the telecomm spectrum and to enable high-resolution refractive index sensing
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Cao K, Liu Y, Qu S. Quantitative microfluidic delivery based on an optical breakdown-driven micro-pump for the fabrication of fiber functional devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:23690-23698. [PMID: 29041321 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.023690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An optical breakdown-driven micro-pump was reported to deliver the quantitative liquid to the fiber microstructure efficiently. The amount of the pumped liquid can be controlled by adjusting the irradiation time of the femtosecond laser pulses. Such a method of microfluidic delivery has potential for the fabrication of fiber functional devices and the rapid injection of analytes into a lab-in-fiber for chemical and biological analysis. As a demonstration, a fiber spirit level based on a mobile microbubble was achieved by pumping nanoliter scale liquid into a fiber micro-cavity with this method.
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Testa G, Persichetti G, Bernini R. Liquid Core ARROW Waveguides: A Promising Photonic Structure for Integrated Optofluidic Microsensors. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7030047. [PMID: 30407419 PMCID: PMC6190334 DOI: 10.3390/mi7030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a liquid core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) as a novel optofluidic device that can be used to create innovative and highly functional microsensors. Liquid core ARROWs, with their dual ability to guide the light and the fluids in the same microchannel, have shown great potential as an optofluidic tool for quantitative spectroscopic analysis. ARROWs feature a planar architecture and, hence, are particularly attractive for chip scale integrated system. Step by step, several improvements have been made in recent years towards the implementation of these waveguides in a complete on-chip system for highly-sensitive detection down to the single molecule level. We review applications of liquid ARROWs for fluids sensing and discuss recent results and trends in the developments and applications of liquid ARROW in biomedical and biochemical research. The results outlined show that the strong light matter interaction occurring in the optofluidic channel of an ARROW and the versatility offered by the fabrication methods makes these waveguides a very promising building block for optofluidic sensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genni Testa
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IREA-CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Persichetti
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IREA-CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy.
| | - Romeo Bernini
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IREA-CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy.
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Calixto S, Bruce NC, Rosete-Aguilar M. Diffraction grating-based sensing optofluidic device for measuring the refractive index of liquids. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:180-190. [PMID: 26832249 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple and versatile optical sensing device for measuring refractive index of liquids. The sensor consists of a sinusoidal relief grating in a glass cell. Device calibration is done by pouring in the cell different liquids of known refractive indices. Each time a liquid is poured first order intensity is measured. The fabrication process and testing of the prototype device is described. An application in the measurement of temperature is also presented.
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7
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Optofluidic approaches for enhanced microsensor performances. SENSORS 2014; 15:465-84. [PMID: 25558989 PMCID: PMC4327030 DOI: 10.3390/s150100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optofluidics is a relatively young research field able to create a tight synergy between optics and micro/nano-fluidics. The high level of integration between fluidic and optical elements achievable by means of optofluidic approaches makes it possible to realize an innovative class of sensors, which have been demonstrated to have an improved sensitivity, adaptability and compactness. Many developments in this field have been made in the last years thanks to the availability of a new class of low cost materials and new technologies. This review describes the Italian state of art on optofluidic devices for sensing applications and offers a perspective for further future advances. We introduce the optofluidic concept and describe the advantages of merging photonic and fluidic elements, focusing on sensor developments for both environmental and biomedical monitoring.
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Dhakal R, Kim J. Elastomer-based opto-thermo-mechanical actuation for autonomous, self-powered light level control. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:5712-5719. [PMID: 25321367 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.005712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an autonomous, self-powered solar light controller based on functional integration of a flexible cantilever light guide and a paraffin wax-based optothermal actuator. The controller utilizes the optothermally induced volume increase in the elastomer-encapsulated paraffin wax to produce pneumatic force, which subsequently actuates the cantilever light guide to control the level of frustrated total internal reflection. In its linear response regime, it demonstrated 33% reduction in light intensity fluctuation in terms of the root-mean-square value.
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Calixto S, Rosete-Aguilar M, Sanchez-Morales ME, Calixto-Solano M. Spectrometer and scanner with optofluidic configuration. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:495-504. [PMID: 23338199 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a spectrometer and scanner based on optofluidic configurations. The main optical component of the spectrometer is a compound optical element consisting of an optofluidic lens and standard blazed diffraction grating. The spectrum size can be changed by filling the lens cavity with different liquids. The scanner comprises two hollow 45° angle prisms oriented at 90° to each other. By changing the liquid inside the prisms, two-dimensional light beam scanning can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Calixto
- Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Bedoya AC, Domachuk P, Grillet C, Monat C, Mägi EC, Li E, Eggleton BJ. Reconfigurable photonic crystal waveguides created by selective liquid infiltration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:11046-11056. [PMID: 22565727 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.011046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate reconfigurable photonic crystal waveguides created directly by infiltrating high refractive index (n≈2.01) liquids into selected air holes of a two-dimensional hexagonal periodic lattice in silicon. The resulting effective index contrast is large enough that a single row of infiltrated holes enables light propagation at near-infrared wavelengths. We include a detailed comparison between modeling and experimental results of single line defect waveguides and show how our infiltration procedure is reversible and repeatable. We achieve infiltration accuracy down to the single air hole level and demonstrate control on the volume of liquid infused into the holes by simply changing the infiltration velocity. This method is promising for achieving a wide range of targeted optical functionalities on a "blank" photonic crystal membrane that can be reconfigured on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casas Bedoya
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Fan X, White IM. Optofluidic Microsystems for Chemical and Biological Analysis. NATURE PHOTONICS 2011; 5:591-597. [PMID: 22059090 PMCID: PMC3207487 DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidics - the synergistic integration of photonics and microfluidics - has recently emerged as a new analytical field that provides a number of unique characteristics for enhanced sensing performance and simplification of microsystems. In this review, we describe various optofluidic architectures developed in the past five years, emphasize the mechanisms by which optofluidics enhances bio/chemical analysis capabilities, including sensing and the precise control of biological micro/nanoparticles, and envision new research directions to which optofluidics leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Fan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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12
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Bedoya AC, Monat C, Domachuk P, Grillet C, Eggleton BJ. Measuring the dispersive properties of liquids using a microinterferometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2011; 50:2408-2412. [PMID: 21629320 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.002408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using a single-beam, compact interferometer, we measure the refractive index of liquids in the near IR. This highly compact device relies on a silica capillary with a 50 μm inner diameter: it uses a minimal volume of test liquid, isolates the liquid from the humid atmosphere, has broadband operation, and is inherently mechanically stable. These characteristics, in combination with straightforward data acquisition, make it particularly well-suited for measuring the optical properties in the near IR of a wide range of liquids. Using this refractometer, we measure the refractive index of high-index liquids that are expected to be hydroscopic. The accuracy of the refractometer (±0.1%) is demonstrated through measuring the indices of air and pure water. We show that the hydroscopic behavior of the probed liquids has little influence on their optical properties in the near IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Casas Bedoya
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Ono K, Kaneda S, Shiraishi T, Fujii T. Optofluidic tweezer on a chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:43012. [PMID: 21267089 PMCID: PMC3026034 DOI: 10.1063/1.3509436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to realize an optical tweezer involving optofluidic operation in a microchannel is proposed. To manipulate the optical tweezer, light from an optical fiber is passed through both PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)-air surface lenses and an optofluidic region, which is located in a control channel. Two liquids with different refractive indices (RIs) are introduced into the control channel to form two different flow patterns (i.e., laminar and segmented flows), depending on the liquid compositions, the channel geometry, and the flow rates. By altering the shapes of the interface of the two liquids in the optofluidic region, we can continuously or intermittently control the optical paths of the light. To demonstrate the functionality of the proposed method, optical tweezer operations on a chip are performed. Changing the flow pattern of two liquids with different RIs in the optofluidic region results in successful trapping of a 25 μm diameter microsphere and its displacement by 15 μm.
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Calixto S, Rosete-Aguilar M, Sanchez-Marin FJ, Marañon V, Arauz-Lara JL, Olivares DM, Calixto-Solano M, Martinez-Prado EM. Optofluidic compound microlenses made by emulsion techniques. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:18703-18711. [PMID: 20940763 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.018703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a new method to make liquid lenses. It is based on the microfluidics method and involves the preparation of emulsions one drop at a time. Tests of lenses by image formation are presented. Experimental results are compared with results of an optical design program. We also present a new type of lens that we call a Compound Lens which consists of two spherical lenses, one inside the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Calixto
- Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, Loma del Bosque 115, Leon, Gto. c.p. 37150, Mexico
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Delville JP, Robert de Saint Vincent M, Schroll RD, Chraïbi H, Issenmann B, Wunenburger R, Lasseux D, Zhang WW, Brasselet E. Laser microfluidics: fluid actuation by light. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/11/3/034015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Horowitz VR, Awschalom DD, Pennathur S. Optofluidics: field or technique? LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1856-1863. [PMID: 18941686 DOI: 10.1039/b816416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viva R Horowitz
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
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Brasselet E, Wunenburger R, Delville JP. Liquid optical fibers with a multistable core actuated by light radiation pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:014501. [PMID: 18764116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on spatiotemporal behavior of self-adapted dielectric liquid columns generated and sustained by light radiation pressure. We show that single- or multivalued liquid column diameter depends on the excitation light beam. When the beam diameter is sufficiently small, we observe a well-defined stationary column diameter. In contrast, at a larger beam diameter, the liquid column experiences complex spatiotemporal dynamics whose statistical analysis evidences an underlying multistable structure. Experimental observations are all supported by a full electromagnetic model that accounts for the wave guiding properties of the liquid column viewed as a step-index liquid-core liquid-cladding optical fiber having an optically tunable core diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Brasselet
- Centre de Physique Moléculaire Optique et Hertzienne, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Xiao S, Mortensen NA. Proposal of highly sensitive optofluidic sensors based on dispersive photonic crystal waveguides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/9/9/s30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lai Y, Zhou K, Zhang L, Bennion I. Microchannels in conventional single-mode fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:2559-61. [PMID: 16902618 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.002559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microchannels are fabricated into conventional single-mode fibers by femtosecond laser processing and chemical etching. Fabrication limitations imposed by the fiber geometry are highlighted and resolved through a simple technique without compromising fabrication flexibility. A microfluidic fiber device consisting of a 4 microm wide microchannel that intersects the fiber core for refractive index sensing is further demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lai
- Photonics Research Group, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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Psaltis D, Quake SR, Yang C. Developing optofluidic technology through the fusion of microfluidics and optics. Nature 2006; 442:381-6. [PMID: 16871205 DOI: 10.1038/nature05060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe devices in which optics and fluidics are used synergistically to synthesize novel functionalities. Fluidic replacement or modification leads to reconfigurable optical systems, whereas the implementation of optics through the microfluidic toolkit gives highly compact and integrated devices. We categorize optofluidics according to three broad categories of interactions: fluid-solid interfaces, purely fluidic interfaces and colloidal suspensions. We describe examples of optofluidic devices in each category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetri Psaltis
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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Domachuk P, Cronin-Golomb M, Eggleton B, Mutzenich S, Rosengarten G, Mitchell A. Application of optical trapping to beam manipulation in optofluidics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2005; 13:7265-75. [PMID: 19498750 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.007265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel method of attaining all-optical beam control in an optofluidic device by displacing an optically trapped microsphere through a light beam. The micro-sphere causes the beam to be refracted by various degrees as a function of the sphere position, providing tunable attenuation and beam-steering in the device. The device itself consists of the manipulated light beam extending between two buried waveguides which are on either side of a microfluidic channel. This channel contains the micro-spheres which are suspended in water. We simulate this geometry using the Finite Difference Time Domain method and find good agreement between simulation and experiment.
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