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Sheta S, Hou Z, Wang Y, Wang Z. Evaluation of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system as an offline coal analyzer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15968. [PMID: 34354141 PMCID: PMC8342703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developments in femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LIBS) applications during the last two decades have further centered on innovative métier tie-in to the advantageous properties of femtosecond laser ablation (fs-LA) introduced into LIBS. Yet, for industrially-oriented application like coal analysis, no research has exposed to view the analytical capabilities of fs-LA in enhancing the physical processes of coal ablation and the impact into quantitative correlation of spectra and data modeling. In a huge coal market, fast and accurate analysis of coal property is eminently important for coal pricing, combustion optimization, and pollution reduction. Moreover, there is a thirst need of precision standardization for coal analyzers in use. In this letter, the analytical performance of a one-box femtosecond laser system is evaluated relative to an industrially applied coal analyzer based on five objectives/measures: spectral correlation, relative sensitivity factors, craters topology, plasma parameters, and repeatability. Despite high-threshold operation parameters of the fs system, competitive results are achieved compared to the optimized analytical conditions of the ns-coal analyzer. Studies targeting the in-field optimization of fs-LIBS systems for coal analysis can potentially provide insights into fs-plasma hydrodynamics under harsh conditions, instrumental customization, and pave the way for a competitive next-generation of coal analyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sheta
- State Key Lab of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, International Joint Lab on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zongyu Hou
- State Key Lab of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, International Joint Lab on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Renewable Energy Resources Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3975, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Lab of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, International Joint Lab on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Schlack T, Beal SA, Corriveau EJ, Clausen JL. Detection Limits of Trinitrotoluene and Ammonium Nitrate in Soil by Raman Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16316-16323. [PMID: 34235302 PMCID: PMC8246453 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The detection limit of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and ammonium nitrate (AN) in mixtures of Ottawa sand (OS) was studied using a Raman microscope applying conventional calibration curves, Pearson correlation coefficients, and two-sample t-tests. By constructing calibration curves, the conventionally defined detection limits were estimated to be 1.9 ± 0.4% by mass in OS and 1.9 ± 0.3% by mass in OS for TNT and AN. Both TNT and AN were detectable in concentrations as low as 1% by mass when Pearson correlation coefficients were used to compare averaged spectra to a library containing spectra from a range of soil types. AN was detectable in concentrations as low as 1% by mass when a test sample of spectra was compared to the same library using two-sample t-tests. TNT was not detectable at a concentration of 1% by mass when using two-sample t-tests.
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Rosas-Román I, Meneses-Nava MA, Barbosa-García O, Maldonado JL. Semi-Automatic Elemental Identification of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectra Using Wavelength Similarity Coefficient. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:627-633. [PMID: 28374612 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817693236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a method to perform elemental identification on plasmas produced using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. The method is based on the preservation of the relative relevance of the spectral line emission intensities, which is lost during the parametric correlation procedure, by the introduction of a similitude coefficient called wavelength similarity coefficient. Furthermore, it was shown that for identification purposes, a simplified plasma model is sufficient to predict adequately the relative emission intensities in LIBS plasmas. As a result, it is possible to automatically identify the species with high emission signals, while trace detection is also possible by relaxing search conditions, although manual refinement is still required.
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Hahn DW, Omenetto N. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), part II: review of instrumental and methodological approaches to material analysis and applications to different fields. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:347-419. [PMID: 22449322 DOI: 10.1366/11-06574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The first part of this two-part review focused on the fundamental and diagnostics aspects of laser-induced plasmas, only touching briefly upon concepts such as sensitivity and detection limits and largely omitting any discussion of the vast panorama of the practical applications of the technique. Clearly a true LIBS community has emerged, which promises to quicken the pace of LIBS developments, applications, and implementations. With this second part, a more applied flavor is taken, and its intended goal is summarizing the current state-of-the-art of analytical LIBS, providing a contemporary snapshot of LIBS applications, and highlighting new directions in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, such as novel approaches, instrumental developments, and advanced use of chemometric tools. More specifically, we discuss instrumental and analytical approaches (e.g., double- and multi-pulse LIBS to improve the sensitivity), calibration-free approaches, hyphenated approaches in which techniques such as Raman and fluorescence are coupled with LIBS to increase sensitivity and information power, resonantly enhanced LIBS approaches, signal processing and optimization (e.g., signal-to-noise analysis), and finally applications. An attempt is made to provide an updated view of the role played by LIBS in the various fields, with emphasis on applications considered to be unique. We finally try to assess where LIBS is going as an analytical field, where in our opinion it should go, and what should still be done for consolidating the technique as a mature method of chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Hahn
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Rummel JL, Steill JD, Oomens J, Contreras CS, Pearson WL, Szczepanski J, Powell DH, Eyler JR. Structural Elucidation of Direct Analysis in Real Time Ionized Nerve Agent Simulants with Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4045-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102973a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Rummel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Steill
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cesar S. Contreras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Wright L. Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jan Szczepanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - David H. Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - John R. Eyler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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O'Leary B, Kelley JA. Utilization of the coherence function with Welch's method for signal analysis in low resolution laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:370-376. [PMID: 20412620 DOI: 10.1366/000370210791114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a technique by which a low resolution ( approximately 1 nm) fiberoptic spectrometer may be used to definitively identify elements and molecular fragments in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Commercial laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectrometers have high resolution in the area of spectral interest, and software is used to identify elements via a look-up table containing known spectral lines. When analyzing spectra from a lower resolution fiber-optic spectrometer, software based on look-up tables can produce erroneous results, reporting elements absent from the sample. As a solution to this problem, an analysis using the coherence function in conjunction with Welch's method is used to compare sample spectra with a library of reference spectra, which contain peaks primarily from a single element. The analysis has proved to be adept at identifying specific elemental signatures in multi-component samples. The technique leverages the increased information content of concomitant atomic emission lines, which are easily collected with a low resolution broadband (200-1100 nm) fiber-optic spectrometer. This technique alleviates the need for the user to visually verify the vicinity of individual peaks during testing. While Pearson's method is generally used for this type of analysis, we show that Welch's method has the advantage of being less susceptible to problems caused by continuum background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon O'Leary
- College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
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Li L, Zhang B, Huang R, Hang W, He J, Huang B. Laser Ionization Orthogonal Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Determination of Nonmetallic Elements in Solids. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1949-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9026912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bochao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Benli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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