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Mudd AL, Bal M, Verra SE, Poelman MP, de Wit J, Kamphuis CBM. The current state of complex systems research on socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behavior-a systematic scoping review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:13. [PMID: 38317165 PMCID: PMC10845451 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in applying a complex systems approach to understanding socioeconomic inequalities in health is growing, but an overview of existing research on this topic is lacking. In this systematic scoping review, we summarize the current state of the literature, identify shared drivers of multiple health and health behavior outcomes, and highlight areas ripe for future research. METHODS SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched in April 2023 for peer-reviewed, English-language studies in high-income OECD countries containing a conceptual systems model or simulation model of socioeconomic inequalities in health or health behavior in the adult general population. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts. Data on study aim, type of model, all model elements, and all relationships were extracted. Model elements were categorized based on the Commission on Social Determinants of Health framework, and relationships between grouped elements were visualized in a summary conceptual systems map. RESULTS A total of 42 publications were included; 18 only contained a simulation model, 20 only contained a conceptual model, and 4 contained both types of models. General health outcomes (e.g., health status, well-being) were modeled more often than specific outcomes like obesity. Dietary behavior and physical activity were by far the most commonly modeled health behaviors. Intermediary determinants of health (e.g., material circumstances, social cohesion) were included in nearly all models, whereas structural determinants (e.g., policies, societal values) were included in about a third of models. Using the summary conceptual systems map, we identified 15 shared drivers of socioeconomic inequalities in multiple health and health behavior outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The interconnectedness of socioeconomic position, multiple health and health behavior outcomes, and determinants of socioeconomic inequalities in health is clear from this review. Factors central to the complex system as it is currently understood in the literature (e.g., financial strain) may be both efficient and effective policy levers, and factors less well represented in the literature (e.g., sleep, structural determinants) may warrant more research. Our systematic, comprehensive synthesis of the literature may serve as a basis for, among other things, a complex systems framework for socioeconomic inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Mudd
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science- Public Health, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michèlle Bal
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science- Public Health, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne E Verra
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science- Public Health, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje P Poelman
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - John de Wit
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science- Public Health, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn B M Kamphuis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science- Public Health, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Estrada-Magbanua WM, Huang TTK, Lounsbury DW, Zito P, Iftikhar P, El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Wu E, Lee BY, Mateu-Gelabert P, S. Sabounchi N. Application of group model building in implementation research: A systematic review of the public health and healthcare literature. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284765. [PMID: 37590193 PMCID: PMC10434911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group model building is a process of engaging stakeholders in a participatory modeling process to elicit their perceptions of a problem and explore concepts regarding the origin, contributing factors, and potential solutions or interventions to a complex issue. Recently, it has emerged as a novel method for tackling complex, long-standing public health issues that traditional intervention models and frameworks cannot fully address. However, the extent to which group model building has resulted in the adoption of evidence-based practices, interventions, and policies for public health remains largely unstudied. The goal of this systematic review was to examine the public health and healthcare applications of GMB in the literature and outline how it has been used to foster implementation and dissemination of evidence-based interventions. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases through August 2022 for studies related to public health or health care where GMB was cited as a main methodology. We did not eliminate studies based on language, location, or date of publication. Three reviewers independently extracted data on GMB session characteristics, model attributes, and dissemination formats and content. RESULTS Seventy-two studies were included in the final review. Majority of GMB activities were in the fields of nutrition (n = 19, 26.4%), health care administration (n = 15, 20.8%), and environmental health (n = 12, 16.7%), and were conducted in the United States (n = 29, 40.3%) and Australia (n = 7, 9.7%). Twenty-three (31.9%) studies reported that GMB influenced implementation through policy change, intervention development, and community action plans; less than a third reported dissemination of the model outside journal publication. GMB was reported to have increased insight, facilitated consensus, and fostered communication among stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS GMB is associated with tangible benefits to participants, including increased community engagement and development of systems solutions. Transdisciplinary stakeholder involvement and more rigorous evaluation and dissemination of GMB activities are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weanne Myrrh Estrada-Magbanua
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Terry T.-K. Huang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David W. Lounsbury
- Division of Health Behavior Research and Implementation Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Priscila Zito
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Pulwasha Iftikhar
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nabila El-Bassel
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elwin Wu
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bruce Y. Lee
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Pedro Mateu-Gelabert
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nasim S. Sabounchi
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, United States of America
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STANGE KURTC, MILLER WILLIAML, ETZ REBECCAS. The Role of Primary Care in Improving Population Health. Milbank Q 2023; 101:795-840. [PMID: 37096603 PMCID: PMC10126984 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Systems based on primary care have better population health, health equity, and health care quality, and lower health care expenditure. Primary care can be a boundary-spanning force to integrate and personalize the many factors from which population health emerges. Equitably advancing population health requires understanding and supporting the complexly interacting mechanisms by which primary care influences health, equity, and health costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- KURT C. STANGE
- Center for Community Health IntegrationCase Western Reserve University
| | - WILLIAM L. MILLER
- Lehigh Valley Health System and University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine
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Lucas AS, Fagundes MLB, do Amaral OL, Menegazzo GR, Giordani JMDA. Association between integrative and complementary health practices and use of dental services among older adults in Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2019. EPIDEMIOLOGIA E SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE 2022; 31:e2022314. [PMID: 36259891 PMCID: PMC9887975 DOI: 10.1590/s2237-96222022000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze association between participation in integrative practices and regular use of dental services in Brazilian older adults. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the 2019 National Health Survey. All older adults aged 60 years and over were included. The study outcome was regular dental service use. Poisson regression models were used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and their respective at confidence intervals 95% (95%CI). RESULTS A total of 22,728 older adults were analyzed. Most were female (55.5%), reported that they were White (51.3%), had incomplete primary education (47.0%); 7.0% (95%CI 6.8;7.5) had used some form of integrative practice and 34.3% (95%CI 33.2;35.4) had used their dental service regularly. Individuals who used integrative practices had higher prevalence of dental service use even after adjusting the model (PR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.07;1.23). CONCLUSION Among Brazilian older adults use of integrative practices was associated with regular use of dental services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneiza Simoní Lucas
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de
Estomatologia, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Orlando Luiz do Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de
Estomatologia, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Haruta J, Goto R, Sachiko O, Kimura S, Teruyama J, Hama Y, Maeno T. How do general practitioners handle complexities? A team ethnographic study in Japan. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:133. [PMID: 35624417 PMCID: PMC9137137 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) are often faced with complex problems, including patients with socio-economic and medical problems. However, the methods they use to approach these complexities are still not understood. We speculated that elucidating these methods using complex adaptive systems (CAS) methodology to comprehensively assess GPs' daily activities would contribute to improving the professional development of GPs. This study aimed to clarify how expert GPs handle complex problems and adapt to their community context through the ethnography of GPs and other healthcare professionals in terms of CAS. METHODS We adopted the interdisciplinary team-ethnographic research approach. Five hospitals and four clinics in Japan which were considered to employ expert GPs were selected by purposive sampling. 62 individuals of various backgrounds working in these nine facilities were interviewed. Using field notes and interview data, the researchers iteratively discussed the adequacy of our interpretations. The first author (JH) prepared a draft report, which was reviewed by the GPs at the participating facilities. Through critical and iterative consideration of the different insights obtained, the final findings emerged together with representative data. RESULTS We identified four approaches used by GPs to deal with complexities. First, GPs treat patients with complex problems as a whole being and address their problems multi-directionally. Second, GPs build horizontal, trusting relationships with other healthcare professionals and stakeholders, and thereby reduce the degree of complexity of problems. Third, GPs change the learning climate while committing to their own growth based on societal needs and by acting as role models for other professionals through daily interpersonal facilitation. Fourth, GPs share community vision with multi-professionals and thereby act as a driving force for organizational change. These various interactions among GPs, healthcare professionals, organizations and communities resulted in systematization of the healthcare and welfare network in their community. CONCLUSIONS Expert GPs developed interconnected multidimensional systems in their community health and welfare networks to adapt to fluctuating social realities using four approaches. GPs' work environment may be considered as a complex adaptive system (CAS) and the approach of GPs to complexities is CAS-based. Our findings are expected to have practical applications for GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Haruta
- Medical Education Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Goto
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ozone Sachiko
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kimura
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Junko Teruyama
- Faculty of Library, Information and Media Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hama
- Tokyo Junior College of Transportation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Maeno
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Tesser CD. Duas críticas às normativas dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família. TRABALHO, EDUCAÇÃO E SAÚDE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-7746-ojs00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Estudos empíricos identificaram insuficiências e precariedades na atuação de apoio matricial dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família. Este artigo, baseado em experiências assistemáticas diversas e literatura selecionada, defende duas teses interligadas que criticam aspectos das normativas federais originais para atuação desses Núcleos: uma concepção − implícita nas normativas − de atenção primária à saúde como cenário de ações situadas apenas em campos de competência compartilháveis, por um lado; e a opção de inserção desses Núcleos relativamente fora do fluxo assistencial dos usuários, por outro. Argumenta-se que ambas, provavelmente, geraram efeitos adversos envolvidos nos problemas de atuação desses Núcleos: contribuíram para a superestimação dos seus resultados esperados, para o seu subaproveitamento e subdesenvolvimento institucional e para a precarização da sua legitimidade, dificultada com a Política Nacional de Atenção Básica de 2017 e atingida gravemente com o desfinanciamento federal em 2019. Defende-se o aperfeiçoamento dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família e sugere-se sua inserção no fluxo assistencial entre a atenção primária à saúde e a atenção secundária, para reduzir o isolamento entre ambas e aperfeiçoar a coordenação personalizada do cuidado, facilitar a legitimidade dos ‘matriciadores’, o apoio matricial e a educação permanente dos profissionais.
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Winkler MR, Mui Y, Hunt SL, Laska MN, Gittelsohn J, Tracy M. Applications of Complex Systems Models to Improve Retail Food Environments for Population Health: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1028-1043. [PMID: 34999752 PMCID: PMC9340968 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retail food environments (RFEs) are complex systems with important implications for population health. Studying the complexity within RFEs comes with challenges. Complex systems models are computational tools that can help. We performed a systematic scoping review of studies that used complex systems models to study RFEs for population health. We examined the purpose for using the model, RFE features represented, extent to which the complex systems approach was maximized, and quality and transparency of methods employed. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines were followed. Studies using agent-based modeling, system dynamics, discrete event simulations, networks, hybrid, or microsimulation models were identified from 7 multidisciplinary databases. Fifty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 23 microsimulation, 13 agent-based, 10 hybrid, 4 system dynamics, 4 network, and 2 discrete event simulation models. Most studies (n = 45) used models for experimental purposes and evaluated effects of simulated RFE policies and interventions. RFE characteristics simulated in models were diverse, and included the features (e.g., prices) customers encounter when shopping (n = 55), the settings (e.g., restaurants, supermarkets) where customers purchase food and beverages (n = 30), and the actors (e.g., store managers, suppliers) who make decisions that influence RFEs (n = 25). All models incorporated characteristics of complexity (e.g., feedbacks, conceptual representation of multiple levels), but these were captured to varying degrees across model types. The quality of methods was adequate overall; however, few studies engaged stakeholders (n = 10) or provided sufficient transparency to verify the model (n = 12). Complex systems models are increasingly utilized to study RFEs and their contributions to public health. Opportunities to advance the use of these approaches remain, and areas to improve future research are discussed. This comprehensive review provides the first marker of the utility of leveraging these approaches to address RFEs for population health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeeli Mui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shanda L Hunt
- Health Sciences Library, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Tracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Tesser CD, Serapioni M. Obstacles to SUS universalization: tax expenditures, labor union demands and health insurance state subsidy. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:2323-2333. [PMID: 34231742 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021266.22602019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the light of the comparative analysis of health systems, we discuss three strategic phenomena for the SUS universalization, as follows: a) health tax expenditures; b) State funding of private plans for public servants; and c) trade union's demand for private health plans. Among the ideal types of health systems, SUS is universal in law, but hybrid in practice: Beveridgian in primary health care (PHC) and mixed in specialized/hospital care; without really being universal (public spending is only 43% of total health expenditure). There is a massive state subsidy to the private sector, through health tax expenditures (30% of the federal health budget) and financing of private plans for public servants, which generates incoherence, segmentation of the health system and inequities. Despite the general support to the SUS, the union movements have been using private health plans in collective recruitment (76% of them), reinforcing the private sector. Reducing health tax expenditures - including state funding of servants' private plans - would significantly increase the SUS budget and facilitate articulation between health workers and trade unionists, bringing the high strength of unions closer to the long struggle for the universality of the SUS and PHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dalcanale Tesser
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário. Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Mauro Serapioni
- Centro de Estudos Sociais, Universidade de Coimbra. Sé Nova Coimbra Portugal
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Comis M, Cleophas C, Büsing C. Patients, primary care, and policy: Agent-based simulation modeling for health care decision support. Health Care Manag Sci 2021; 24:799-826. [PMID: 34036444 PMCID: PMC8147912 DOI: 10.1007/s10729-021-09556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary care systems are a cornerstone of universally accessible health care. The planning, analysis, and adaptation of primary care systems is a highly non-trivial problem due to the systems’ inherent complexity, unforeseen future events, and scarcity of data. To support the search for solutions, this paper introduces the hybrid agent-based simulation model SiM-Care. SiM-Care models and tracks the micro-interactions of patients and primary care physicians on an individual level. At the same time, it models the progression of time via the discrete-event paradigm. Thereby, it enables modelers to analyze multiple key indicators such as patient waiting times and physician utilization to assess and compare primary care systems. Moreover, SiM-Care can evaluate changes in the infrastructure, patient behavior, and service design. To showcase SiM-Care and its validation through expert input and empirical data, we present a case study for a primary care system in Germany. Specifically, we study the immanent implications of demographic change on rural primary care and investigate the effects of an aging population and a decrease in the number of physicians, as well as their combined effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Comis
- Lehrstuhl II für Mathematik, RWTH Aachen University, Pontdriesch 10–12, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Catherine Cleophas
- Working Group Service Analytics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Westring 425, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Büsing
- Lehrstuhl II für Mathematik, RWTH Aachen University, Pontdriesch 10–12, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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Zabell T, Long KM, Scott D, Hope J, McLoughlin I, Enticott J. Engaging Healthcare Staff and Stakeholders in Healthcare Simulation Modeling to Better Translate Research Into Health Impact: A Systematic Review. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2021; 1:644831. [PMID: 36926474 PMCID: PMC10012644 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2021.644831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To identify processes to engage stakeholders in healthcare Simulation Modeling (SM), and the impacts of this engagement on model design, model implementation, and stakeholder participants. To investigate how engagement process may lead to specific impacts. Data Sources: English-language articles on health SM engaging stakeholders in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Business Source Complete databases published from inception to February 2020. Study Design: A systematic review of the literature based on a priori protocol and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Extraction Methods: Eligible articles were SM studies with a health outcome which engaged stakeholders in model design. Data were extracted using a data extraction form adapted to be specific for stakeholder engagement in SM studies. Data were analyzed using summary statistics, deductive and inductive content analysis, and narrative synthesis. Principal Findings: Thirty-two articles met inclusion criteria. Processes used to engage stakeholders in healthcare SM are heterogenous and often based on intuition rather than clear methodological frameworks. These processes most commonly involve stakeholders across multiple SM stages via discussion/dialogue, interviews, workshops and meetings. Key reported impacts of stakeholder engagement included improved model quality/accuracy, implementation, and stakeholder decision-making. However, for all but four studies, these reports represented author perceptions rather than formal evaluations incorporating stakeholder perspectives. Possible process enablers of impact included the use of models as "boundary objects" and structured facilitation via storytelling to promote effective communication and mutual understanding between stakeholders and modelers. Conclusions: There is a large gap in the current literature of formal evaluation of SM stakeholder engagement, and a lack of consensus about the processes required for effective SM stakeholder engagement. The adoption and clear reporting of structured engagement and process evaluation methodologies/frameworks are required to advance the field and produce evidence of impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Zabell
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina M Long
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Debbie Scott
- Turning Point, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy Hope
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.,Mental Health Program, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health Education and Research, Delmont Private Hospital, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian McLoughlin
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business & Economics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Enticott
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash Partners Academic Health Science Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Novel participatory methods for co-building an agent-based model of physical activity with youth. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241108. [PMID: 33170862 PMCID: PMC7654780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health scholarship has increasingly called for the use of system science approaches to understand complex problems, including the use of participatory engagement to inform the modeling process. Some system science traditions, specifically system dynamics modeling, have an established participatory practice tradition. Yet, there remains limited guidance on engagement strategies using other modeling approaches like agent-based models. Our objective is to describe how we engaged adolescent youth in co-building an agent-based model about physical activity. Specifically, we aim to describe how we communicated technical aspects of agent-based models, the participatory activities we developed, and the resulting visual diagrams that were produced. We implemented six sessions with nine adolescent participants. To make technical aspects more accessible, we used an analogy that linked core components of agent-based models to elements of storytelling. We also implemented novel, facilitated activities that engaged youth in the development, annotation, and review of graphs over time, geographical maps, and state charts. The process was well-received by the participants and helped inform the basic structure of an agent-based model. The resulting visual diagrams created space for deeper discussion among participants about patterns of daily activity, important places for physical activity, and interactions between social and built environments. This work lays a foundation to develop and refine engagement strategies, especially for translating qualitative insights into quantitative model specifications such as ‘decision rules’.
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Butterworth JE, Hays R, McDonagh STJ, Bower P, Pitchforth E, Richards SH, Campbell JL. Involving older people with multimorbidity in decision-making about their primary healthcare: A Cochrane systematic review of interventions (abridged). PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:2078-2094. [PMID: 32345574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of interventions aimed at involving older people with multimorbidity in decision-making about their healthcare during primary care consultations. METHODS Cochrane methodological procedures were applied. Searches covered all relevant trial registries and databases. Randomised controlled trials were identified where interventions had been compared with usual care/ control/ another intervention. A narrative synthesis is presented; meta-analysis was not appropriate. RESULTS 8160 abstracts and 54 full-text articles were screened. Three studies were included, involving 1879 patient participants. Interventions utilised behaviour change theory; cognitive-behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing; multidisciplinary, holistic patient review and organisational changes. No studies reported the primary outcome 'patient involvement in decision-making about their healthcare'. Patient involvement was evident in the theory underpinning interventions. Certainty of evidence (assessed using GRADE) was limited by small studies and inconsistency in secondary outcomes measured. CONCLUSION The evidence base is currently too limited to interpret with certainty. Transparency in design and consistency in evaluation, using validated measures, is required for future interventions involving older patients with multimorbidity in decisions about their healthcare. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS There is a large gap between clinical guidelines for multimorbidity and an evidence base for implementation of their recommendations during primary care consultations with older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Butterworth
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
| | - R Hays
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S T J McDonagh
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - P Bower
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Pitchforth
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - S H Richards
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J L Campbell
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Bergman D, Bethell C, Gombojav N, Hassink S, Stange KC. Physical Distancing With Social Connectedness. Ann Fam Med 2020; 18:272-277. [PMID: 32393566 PMCID: PMC7213990 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of concerns over the potential detrimental effects of declining care continuity, and the need for connection between patients and health care providers, our multidisciplinary group considered the possible ways that relationships might be developed in different kinds of health care encounters.We were surprised to discover many avenues to invest in relationships, even in non-continuity consultations, and how meaningful human connections might be developed even in telehealth visits. Opportunities range from the quality of attention or the structure of the time during the visit, to supporting relationship development in how care is organized at the local or system level and in the use of digital encounters. These ways of investing in relationships can exhibit different manifestations and emphases during different kinds of visits, but most are available during all kinds of encounters.Recognizing and supporting the many ways of investing in relationships has great potential to create a positive sea change in a health care system that currently feels fragmented and depersonalized to both patients and health care clinicians.The current COVID-19 pandemic is full of opportunity to use remote communication to develop healing human relationships. What we need in a pandemic is not social distancing, but physical distancing with social connectedness.
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Thompson LH, Lang JJ, Olibris B, Gauthier-Beaupré A, Cook H, Gillies D, Orpana H. Participatory model building for suicide prevention in Canada. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:27. [PMID: 32266005 PMCID: PMC7118927 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a behaviour that results from a complex interplay of factors, including biological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental factors, among others. A participatory model building workshop was conducted with fifteen employees working in suicide prevention at a federal public health organization to develop a conceptual model illustrating the interconnections between such factors. Through this process, knowledge emerged from participants and consensus building occurred, leading to the development of a conceptual model that is useful to organize and communicate the complex interrelationships between factors related to suicide. Methods A model building script was developed for the facilitators to lead the participants through a series of group and individual activities that were designed to elicit participants' implicit models of risk and protective factors for suicide in Canada. Participants were divided into three groups and tasked with drawing the relationships between factors associated with suicide over a simplified suicide process model. Participants were also tasked with listing prevention levers that are in use in Canada and/or described in the scientific literature. Results Through the workshop, risk and prevention factors and prevention levers were listed and a conceptual model was drafted. Several "lessons learned" which could improve future workshops were generated through reflection on the process. Conclusions This workshop yielded a helpful conceptual model contextualising upstream factors that can be used to better understand suicide prevention efforts in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Thompson
- 1Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,2Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- 1Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brieanne Olibris
- 3Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amélie Gauthier-Beaupré
- 3Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,4Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Equity, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Heather Cook
- 5Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,6Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Dakota Gillies
- 1Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Heather Orpana
- 1Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,7School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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15
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Pilar MR, Proctor EK, Pineda JA. Development, implementation, and evaluation of a novel guideline engine for pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a study protocol. Implement Sci Commun 2020; 1:31. [PMID: 32885190 PMCID: PMC7427929 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-020-00012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability for children. The Brain Trauma Foundation released evidence-based guidelines, a series of recommendations regarding care for pediatric patients with severe TBI. Clinical evidence suggests that adoption of guideline-based care improves outcomes in patients with severe TBI. However, guideline implementation has not been systematic or consistent in clinical practice. There is also a lack of information about implementation strategies that are effective given the nature of severe TBI care and the complex environment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Novel technology-based strategies may be uniquely suited to the fast-paced, transdisciplinary care delivered in the ICU, but such strategies must be carefully developed and evaluated to prevent unintended consequences within the system of care. This challenge presents a unique opportunity for intervention to more appropriately implement guideline-based care for pediatric patients with severe TBI. METHODS This mixed-method study will develop a novel technology-based bedside guideline engine (the implementation strategy) to facilitate uptake of evidence-based guidelines (the intervention) for management of severe TBI. Group model building and systems dynamics will inform the guideline engine design, and bedside functionality will be initially assessed through patient simulation. Using the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework, we will determine the feasibility of incorporating the guideline engine in the ICU. Study participants will include pediatric patients with severe TBI and providers at three trauma centers. Quantitative data will include measures of guideline engine acceptance and organizational readiness for change. Qualitative data will include semi-structured interviews from clinicians. We will test the feasibility of incorporating the guideline engine in "real life practice" in preparation for a future clinical trial that will assess clinical and implementation outcomes, including feasibility, acceptability, and adoption of the guideline engine. DISCUSSION This study will lead to the development and feasibility testing of an adaptable strategy for implementing guideline-based care for severe TBI, a strategy that meets the needs of individual critical care environments and patients. A future study will test the adaptability and impact of the bedside guideline engine in a randomized clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan R. Pilar
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Enola K. Proctor
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Jose A. Pineda
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA
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Butterworth JE, Hays R, McDonagh STJ, Richards SH, Bower P, Campbell J. Interventions for involving older patients with multi-morbidity in decision-making during primary care consultations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD013124. [PMID: 31684697 PMCID: PMC6815935 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013124.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients with multiple health problems (multi-morbidity) value being involved in decision-making about their health care. However, they are less frequently involved than younger patients. To maximise quality of life, day-to-day function, and patient safety, older patients require support to identify unmet healthcare needs and to prioritise treatment options. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions for older patients with multi-morbidity aiming to involve them in decision-making about their health care during primary care consultations. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; all years to August 2018), in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE (OvidSP) (1966 to August 2018); Embase (OvidSP) (1988 to August 2018); PsycINFO (OvidSP) (1806 to August 2018); the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (Ovid) (1982 to September 2008), then in Ebsco (2009 to August 2018); Centre for Reviews and Dissemination Databases (Database of Abstracts and Reviews of Effects (DARE)) (all years to August 2018); the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database (all years to August 2018); the Ongoing Reviews Database (all years to August 2018); and Dissertation Abstracts International (1861 to August 2018). SELECTION CRITERIA We sought randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs, and quasi-RCTs of interventions to involve patients in decision-making about their health care versus usual care/control/another intervention, for patients aged 65 years and older with multi-morbidity in primary care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures. Meta-analysis was not possible; therefore we prepared a narrative synthesis. MAIN RESULTS We included three studies involving 1879 participants: two RCTs and one cluster-RCT. Interventions consisted of: · patient workshop and individual coaching using behaviour change techniques; · individual patient coaching utilising cognitive-behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing; and · holistic patient review, multi-disciplinary practitioner training, and organisational change. No studies reported the primary outcome 'patient involvement in decision-making' or the primary adverse outcome 'less patient involvement as a result of the intervention'. Comparing interventions (patient workshop and individual coaching, holistic patient review plus practitioner training, and organisational change) to usual care: we are uncertain whether interventions had any effect on patient reports of high self-rated health (risk ratio (RR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36 to 5.49; very low-certainty evidence) or on patient enablement (mean difference (MD) 0.60, 95% CI -9.23 to 10.43; very low-certainty evidence) compared with usual care. Interventions probably had no effect on health-related quality of life (adjusted difference in means 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02; moderate-certainty evidence) or on medication adherence (MD 0.06, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.17; moderate-certainty evidence) but probably improved the number of patients discussing their priorities (adjusted odds ratio 1.85, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.38; moderate-certainty evidence) and probably increased the number of nurse consultations (incident rate ratio from adjusted multi-level Poisson model 1.37, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.61; moderate-certainty evidence) compared with usual care. Practitioner outcomes were not measured. Interventions were not reported to adversely affect rates of participant death or anxiety, emergency department attendance, or hospital admission compared with usual care. Comparing interventions (patient workshop and coaching, individual patient coaching) to attention-control conditions: we are uncertain whether interventions affect patient-reported high self-rated health (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.00, favouring attention control, with very low-certainty evidence; RR 2.17, 95% CI 0.85 to 5.52, favouring the intervention, with very low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether interventions affect patient enablement and engagement by increasing either patient activation (MD 1.20, 95% CI -8.21 to 10.61; very low-certainty evidence) or self-efficacy (MD 0.29, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.79; very low-certainty evidence); or whether interventions affect the number of general practice visits (MD 0.51, 95% CI -0.34 to 1.36; very low-certainty evidence), compared to attention-control conditions. The intervention may however lead to more patient-reported changes in management of their health conditions (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.44; low-certainty evidence). Practitioner outcomes were not measured. Interventions were not reported to adversely affect emergency department attendance nor hospital admission when compared with attention control. Comparing one form of intervention with another: not measured. There was 'unclear' risk across studies for performance bias, detection bias, and reporting bias; however, no aspects were 'high' risk. Evidence was downgraded via GRADE, most often because of 'small sample size' and 'evidence from a single study'. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Limited available evidence does not allow a robust conclusion regarding the objectives of this review. Whilst patient involvement in decision-making is seen as a key mechanism for improving care, it is rarely examined as an intervention and was not measured by included studies. Consistency in design, analysis, and evaluation of interventions would enable a greater likelihood of robust conclusions in future reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Butterworth
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx)Smeall BuildingSt Luke's CampusExeterDevonUKEX1 2LU
| | - Rebecca Hays
- University of ManchesterNIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care5th Floor, Williamson BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Sinead TJ McDonagh
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx)Smeall BuildingSt Luke's CampusExeterDevonUKEX1 2LU
| | - Suzanne H Richards
- University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Health SciencesCharles Thackrah Building101 Clarendon RoadLeedsUKLS2 9LJ
| | - Peter Bower
- University of ManchesterNIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care5th Floor, Williamson BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - John Campbell
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx)Smeall BuildingSt Luke's CampusExeterDevonUKEX1 2LU
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Ansah JP, Islam AM, Koh V, Ly V, Kol H, Matchar DB, Loun C, Loun M. Systems modelling as an approach for understanding and building consensus on non-communicable diseases (NCD) management in Cambodia. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:2. [PMID: 30606199 PMCID: PMC6318956 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper aims to demonstrate how systems modeling methodology of Group Model Building (GMD) can be applied for exploring and reaching consensus on non-communicable disease (NCD) management. This exercise was undertaken as a first step for developing a quantitative simulation model for generating credible estimates to make an investment case for the prevention and management of NCDs. Methods Stakeholder engagement was facilitated through the use of a Group Model Building (GMB) approach. This approach combines various techniques in order to gain a whole system perspective. Results A conceptual qualitative model framework that connects prevention—via risk factors reduction—screening and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was developed with stakeholders that draws on stakeholders personal experiences, beliefs, and perceptions through a moderated interactions to gain in-depth understanding of NCDs management. Conclusion Managing NCDs in Cambodia will require concerted effort to tackle NCD risk factors, identifying individuals with NCDs through screening and providing adequate and affordable consistent care to improve health and outcomes of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Ansah
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Amina Mahmood Islam
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Victoria Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Vanthy Ly
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hero Kol
- Ministry of Health Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - David B Matchar
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chhun Loun
- Ministry of Health Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Mondol Loun
- Ministry of Health Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Durrer Schutz D, Busetto L, Dicker D, Farpour-Lambert N, Pryke R, Toplak H, Widmer D, Yumuk V, Schutz Y. European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care. Obes Facts 2019; 12:40-66. [PMID: 30673677 PMCID: PMC6465693 DOI: 10.1159/000496183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The first contact for patients with obesity for any medical treatment or other issues is generally with General Practitioners (GPs). Therefore, given the complexity of the disease, continuing GPs' education on obesity management is essential. This article aims to provide obesity management guidelines specifically tailored to GPs, favouring a practical patient-centred approach. The focus is on GP communication and motivational interviewing as well as on therapeutic patient education. The new guidelines highlight the importance of avoiding stigmatization, something frequently seen in different health care settings. In addition, managing the psychological aspects of the disease, such as improving self-esteem, body image and quality of life must not be neglected. Finally, the report considers that achieving maximum weight loss in the shortest possible time is not the key to successful treatment. It suggests that 5-10% weight loss is sufficient to obtain substantial health benefits from decreasing comorbidities. Reducing waist circumference should be considered even more important than weight loss per se, as it is linked to a decrease in visceral fat and associated cardiometabolic risks. Finally, preventing weight regain is the cornerstone of lifelong treatment, for any weight loss techniques used (behavioural or pharmaceutical treatments or bariatric surgery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Durrer Schutz
- Service d'enseignement thérapeutique pour maladies chroniques, Département de médecine communautaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève/Eurobesitas COMs Center, Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Bariatric Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dror Dicker
- Internal Medicine D & Obesity Clinic, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Centre, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathalie Farpour-Lambert
- Service d'enseignement thérapeutique pour maladies chroniques, Département de médecine communautaire, de premier recours et des urgencies, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Pryke
- GP Winyates Health Centre, Fellow National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Winyates, United Kingdom
| | - Hermann Toplak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Widmer
- Vice President of European Union of General Practitioners (UEMO), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Volkan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yves Schutz
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,
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Serapioni M, Tesser CD. O Sistema de Saúde brasileiro ante a tipologia internacional: uma discussão prospectiva e inevitável. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042019s504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Na perspectiva da análise comparada de Sistemas de Saúde (SS), este artigo analisa o SS brasileiro visando identificar estratégias promissoras para seu desenvolvimento. Metodologicamente, baseados em estudos sobre a sua formação/situação e nos seus principais componentes assistenciais e de financiamento, discutem-se suas aproximações e distanciamentos dos três tipos principais de SS: 1- baseados nos serviços nacionais universais (beveridgeanos); 2- baseados em seguros sociais obrigatórios (bismarckianos); 3- baseados em seguros privados voluntários (smithianos). O SS brasileiro é misto/segmentado, com muitos aspectos beveridgeanos, especialmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) (municipalizada e heterogênea), e smithianos (setor privado, cuidado especializado e hospitalar – insuficientes no SUS); e pouco similar aos bismarckianos. Nos seus aspectos smithianos e bismarckianos, é muito intensa a vigência da lei dos cuidados inversos, com financiamento público do setor privado para o quartil mais rico da população. Para maior racionalidade, equidade e universalidade, há que se investir nos aspectos beveridgeanos do SS brasileiro, o que não vem ocorrendo: reduzir gastos tributários em saúde, expandir e qualificar a APS via Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e o cuidado especializado e hospitalar, regionalizar sua gestão, reduzindo desigualdades, e aumentar o poder de coordenação da ESF, ampliando/modificando os Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Serapioni
- Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Butterworth JE, Hays R, Richards SH, Bower P, Campbell J. Interventions for involving older patients with multimorbidity in decision-making during primary care consultations. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Butterworth
- University of Exeter Medical School; Primary Care Research Group; Smeall Building St Luke's Campus Exeter Devon UK EX1 2LU
| | - Rebecca Hays
- University of Manchester; NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care; 5th Floor, Williamson Building Oxford Road Manchester UK M13 9PL
| | - Suzanne H Richards
- University of Leeds; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences; Charles Thackrah Building 101 Clarendon Road Leeds UK LS2 9LJ
| | - Peter Bower
- University of Manchester; NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care; 5th Floor, Williamson Building Oxford Road Manchester UK M13 9PL
| | - John Campbell
- University of Exeter Medical School; Department of General Practice and Primary Care; Smeall Building St Luke's Campus Exeter UK EX1 2LU
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Tesser CD, Sousa IMCD, Nascimento MCD. Práticas Integrativas e Complementares na Atenção Primária à Saúde brasileira. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042018s112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Apresenta-se a situação das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC) na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) brasileira, seus problemas e estratégias de enfrentamento. Foram analisados bancos de dados, legislação, normas e relatórios governamentais, confrontados com pesquisas, sobretudo o primeiro inquérito nacional independente sobre PIC. Em 2017 e 2018, 29 modalidades de PIC foram institucionalizadas no Sistema Único de Sáude (SUS). Segundo dados oficiais, elas se expandiram e foram ofertadas por 20% das equipes de APS em 2016, em 56% dos municípios, mas o inquérito encontrou oferta só em 8% deles. Tal discrepância deve-se provavelmente ao registro/divulgação dos dados: um profissional, ao registrar uma vez o exercício de uma PIC, converte seu município em ofertante nas estatísticas governamentais. Quase 80% das PIC ocorrem na APS, sendo mais comuns: práticas corporais, plantas medicinais, acupuntura e homeopatia. Há pouca regulamentação nacional da formação e prática em PIC. A maioria dos praticantes é profissional convencional da APS, por iniciativa própria, desempenhando papel de destaque na (pouca) expansão. A inserção do tema no ensino é incipiente, e há pesquisas na área, porém poucas publicações. Estratégias de institucionalização das PIC na APS envolvem estímulo federal aos municípios, via profissionais competentes, matriciamento, educação permanente e ação governamental para sua inserção na formação profissional.
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Koh K, Reno R, Hyder A. Designing an Agent-Based Model Using Group Model Building: Application to Food Insecurity Patterns in a U.S. Midwestern Metropolitan City. J Urban Health 2018. [PMID: 29536416 PMCID: PMC5906389 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in computing resources have increased interest in systems modeling and population health. While group model building (GMB) has been effectively applied in developing system dynamics models (SD), few studies have used GMB for developing an agent-based model (ABM). This article explores the use of a GMB approach to develop an ABM focused on food insecurity. In our GMB workshops, we modified a set of the standard GMB scripts to develop and validate an ABM in collaboration with local experts and stakeholders. Based on this experience, we learned that GMB is a useful collaborative modeling platform for modelers and community experts to address local population health issues. We also provide suggestions for increasing the use of the GMB approach to develop rigorous, useful, and validated ABMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keumseok Koh
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 241-3C, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA
| | - Rebecca Reno
- Maternal and Child Health Department, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2199 Addison St, Suite 435, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA
| | - Ayaz Hyder
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 380D, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA
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Population health. Br J Gen Pract 2017; 67:226. [DOI: 10.3399/bjgp17x690761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Tesser CD. Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família, seus potenciais e entraves: uma interpretação a partir da atenção primária à saúde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-57622015.0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apresentamos uma interpretação dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASFs), visando ampliar a sua plataforma conceitual-normativa, com foco na microgestão do seu trabalho. Discutimos algumas ambiguidades e aspectos das normativas oficiais, da literatura da Saúde Coletiva e reduções presentes nos serviços (subvalorização do cuidado especializado ou do suporte às equipes matriciadas). Partindo do caráter generalista do cuidado na atenção básica e de uma perspectiva operacional da interdisciplinaridade, criticamos a ênfase normativa na assunção de papéis generalistas pelos especialistas e a subvalorização da assistência especializada pelos NASFs. Defendemos que a otimização do matriciamento demanda que os matriciadores assumam plenamente, e igualmente, o exercício do cuidado especializado aos usuários referenciados e o apoio às equipes matriciadas, articulando-os, o que tornará os NASFs, se ampliados e adaptados para as demais especialidades médicas, um excelente protótipo de serviço especializado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
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Schneider A, Donnachie E, Tauscher M, Gerlach R, Maier W, Mielck A, Linde K, Mehring M. Costs of coordinated versus uncoordinated care in Germany: results of a routine data analysis in Bavaria. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011621. [PMID: 27288386 PMCID: PMC4908874 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The efficiency of a gatekeeping system for a health system, as in Germany, remains unclear particularly as access to specialist ambulatory care is not restricted. The aim was to compare the costs of coordinated versus uncoordinated patients (UP) in ambulatory care; with additional subgroup analysis of patients with mental disorders. DESIGN Retrospective routine data analysis of patients with statutory health insurance, using claims data held by the Bavarian Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians. A patient was defined as uncoordinated if he or she visited at least 1 specialist without a referral from a general practitioner within a quarter. Outcomes were compared with propensity score matching analysis. PARTICIPANTS The study encompassed all statutorily insured patients in Bavaria contacting at least 1 ambulatory specialist in the first quarter of 2011 (n=3 616 510). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was total costs of ambulatory care; secondary outcomes were financial claims of general physicians, specialists and for medication. RESULTS The average age was 55.3 years for coordinated patients (CP, n=1 629 302), 48.3 years for UP (n=1 825 840). CP more frequently had chronic diseases (85.4%) as compared with UP (67.5%). The total unadjusted financial claim per patient was higher for UP (€234.52) than for CP (€224.41); the total adjusted difference was -€9.65 (95% CI -11.64 to -7.67), indicating lower costs for CP. The cost differences increased with increasing age. Total adjusted difference per patient with mental diseases as documented with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 F-diagnosis, was -€20.31 (95% CI -26.43 to -14.46). CONCLUSIONS Coordination of care is associated with lower ambulatory healthcare expenditures and is of particular importance for patients who are more vulnerable to medical interventions, especially for elderly and patients with mental disorders. The role of general practitioners as coordinators should be strengthened to improve care for these patients as this could also help to frame a more efficient health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius Schneider
- Institute of General Practice, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Ewan Donnachie
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of Bavaria, München, Germany
| | - Martin Tauscher
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of Bavaria, München, Germany
| | - Roman Gerlach
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of Bavaria, München, Germany
| | - Werner Maier
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mielck
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Linde
- Institute of General Practice, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Institute of General Practice, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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