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Dai Y, Zhou J, Zhang B, Zheng D, Wang K, Han J. Time-course transcriptome analysis reveals gene co-expression networks and transposable element responses to cold stress in cotton. BMC Genomics 2025; 26:235. [PMID: 40075303 PMCID: PMC11900653 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-025-11433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold stress significantly challenges cotton growth and productivity, yet the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance remain poorly understood. RESULTS We employed RNA-seq and iterative weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to investigate gene and transposable element (TE) expression changes at six cold stress time points (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h). Thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, exhibiting time-specific patterns that highlight a phase-dependent transcriptional response. While the A and D subgenomes contributed comparably to DEG numbers, numerous homeologous gene pairs showed differential expression, indicating regulatory divergence. Iterative WGCNA uncovered 125 gene co-expression modules, with some enriched in specific chromosomes or chromosomal regions, suggesting localized regulatory hotspots for cold stress response. Notably, transcription factors, including MYB73, ERF017, MYB30, and OBP1, emerged as central regulators within these modules. Analysis of 11 plant hormone-related genes revealed dynamic expression, with ethylene (ETH) and cytokinins (CK) playing significant roles in stress-responsive pathways. Furthermore, we documented over 15,000 expressed TEs, with differentially expressed TEs forming five distinct clusters. TE families, such as LTR/Copia, demonstrated significant enrichment in these expression clusters, suggesting their potential role as modulators of gene expression under cold stress. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide valuable insights into the complex regulatory networks underlying cold stress response in cotton, highlighting key molecular components involved in cold stress regulation. This study provides potential genetic targets for breeding strategies aimed at enhancing cold tolerance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Jialiang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Dewei Zheng
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Jinlei Han
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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2
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Tang D, Guan W, Yang X, Li Z, Zhao W, Liu X. TIM8 Deficiency in Yeast Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Shortens the Chronological Lifespan. Biomolecules 2025; 15:271. [PMID: 40001574 PMCID: PMC11853210 DOI: 10.3390/biom15020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Yeast TIM8 was initially identified as a homolog of human TIMM8A/DDP1, which is associated with human deafness-dystonia syndrome. Tim8p is located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and forms a hetero-oligomeric complex with Tim13p to facilitate protein transport through the TIM22 translocation system. Previous research has indicated that TIM8 is not essential for yeast survival but does affect the import of Tim23p in the absence of the Tim8-Tim13 complex. Previous research on TIM8 has focused mainly on its involvement in the mitochondrial protein transport pathway, and the precise biological function of TIM8 remains incompletely understood. In this study, we provide the first report that yeast TIM8 is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and chronological senescence. We found that deletion of TIM8 leads to both oxidative stress and ER stress in yeast cells while increasing resistance to the ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM), which is accompanied by an enhanced basic unfolded protein response (UPR). More importantly, TIM8 deficiency can lead to a shortened chronological lifespan (CLS) but does not affect the replicative lifespan (RLS). Moreover, we found that improving the antioxidant capacity further increased TM resistance in the tim8Δ strain. Importantly, we provide evidence that the knockdown of TIMM8A in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelium cells can also induce ER stress, suggesting the potential function of the TIM8 gene in ER stress is conserved from budding yeast to higher eukaryotes. In summary, these results suggest novel roles for TIM8 in maintaining ER homeostasis and CLS maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Wenbin Guan
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (W.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (W.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongqin Li
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; (W.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China;
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Hetz C, Dillin A. Central role of the ER proteostasis network in healthy aging. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00209-5. [PMID: 39547881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Aging trajectories vary among individuals, characterized by progressive functional decline, often leading to disease states. One of the central hallmarks of aging is the deterioration of proteostasis, where the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is dramatically affected. ER stress is monitored and adjusted by the unfolded protein response (UPR); a signaling pathway that mediates adaptive processes to restore proteostasis. Studies in multiple model organisms (yeast, worms, flies, and mice) in addition to human tissue indicates that adaptive UPR signaling contributes to healthy aging. Strategies to improve ER proteostasis using small molecules and gene therapy reduce the decline of organ function during normal aging in mammals. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the significance of the ER proteostasis network to normal aging and its relationship with other hallmarks of aging such as senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Hetz
- The Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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4
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Hong S, Lee HG, Huh WK. ARV1 deficiency induces lipid bilayer stress and enhances rDNA stability by activating the unfolded protein response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107273. [PMID: 38588806 PMCID: PMC11089378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The stability of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is maintained through transcriptional silencing by the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase Sir2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Alongside proteostasis, rDNA stability is a crucial factor regulating the replicative lifespan of S. cerevisiae. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is induced by misfolding of proteins or an imbalance of membrane lipid composition and is responsible for degrading misfolded proteins and restoring endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane homeostasis. Recent investigations have suggested that the UPR can extend the replicative lifespan of yeast by enhancing protein quality control mechanisms, but the relationship between the UPR and rDNA stability remains unknown. In this study, we found that the deletion of ARV1, which encodes an ER protein of unknown molecular function, activates the UPR by inducing lipid bilayer stress. In arv1Δ cells, the UPR and the cell wall integrity pathway are activated independently of each other, and the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway is activated in a manner dependent on Ire1, which mediates the UPR. Activated Hog1 translocates the stress response transcription factor Msn2 to the nucleus, where it promotes the expression of nicotinamidase Pnc1, a well-known Sir2 activator. Following Sir2 activation, rDNA silencing and rDNA stability are promoted. Furthermore, the loss of other ER proteins, such as Pmt1 or Bst1, and ER stress induced by tunicamycin or inositol depletion also enhance rDNA stability in a Hog1-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings suggest that the induction of the UPR enhances rDNA stability in S. cerevisiae by promoting the Msn2-Pnc1-Sir2 pathway in a Hog1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Geun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Takasugi M, Ohtani N, Takemura K, Emmrich S, Zakusilo FT, Yoshida Y, Kutsukake N, Mariani JN, Windrem MS, Chandler-Militello D, Goldman SA, Satoh J, Ito S, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. CD44 correlates with longevity and enhances basal ATF6 activity and ER stress resistance. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113130. [PMID: 37708026 PMCID: PMC10591879 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The naked mole rat (NMR) is the longest-lived rodent, resistant to multiple age-related diseases including neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the NMR's resistance to neurodegenerative diseases remain elusive. Here, we isolated oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from NMRs and compared their transcriptome with that of other mammals. Extracellular matrix (ECM) genes best distinguish OPCs of long- and short-lived species. Notably, expression levels of CD44, an ECM-binding protein that has been suggested to contribute to NMR longevity by mediating the effect of hyaluronan (HA), are not only high in OPCs of long-lived species but also positively correlate with longevity in multiple cell types/tissues. We found that CD44 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and enhances basal ATF6 activity. CD44 modifies proteome and membrane properties of the ER and enhances ER stress resistance in a manner dependent on unfolded protein response regulators without the requirement of HA. HA-independent role of CD44 in proteostasis regulation may contribute to mammalian longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takasugi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Pathophysiology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Department of Pathophysiology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Takemura
- Department of Pathophysiology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stephan Emmrich
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Frances T Zakusilo
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - John N Mariani
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Martha S Windrem
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Devin Chandler-Militello
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Junko Satoh
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
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Yuan J, Liu Y, Zhao F, Mu Y, Tian X, Liu H, Zhang K, Zhao J, Wang Y. Hepatic Proteomics Analysis Reveals Attenuated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-Treated Oxidatively Stressed Broilers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37486617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays important roles in oxidative stress (OS), contributing to liver injury. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8 (P8) was reported to regulate broiler OS and the gut microbiota in broilers, but its roles in hepatic ER stress remain unclear. In the present study, the role of P8 in liver OS and ER stress was evaluated, and proteomics was performed to determine the mechanism. Results revealed that P8 treatment decreased liver OS and ER stress in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced oxidatively stressed broilers. Proteomics showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) induced by DEX cover the "cellular response to unfold protein" term. Moreover, the DEPs (GGT5, TXNDC12, and SRM) between DEX- and DEX + P8-treated broilers were related to OS and ER stress and enriched in the glutathione metabolism pathway. RT-qPCR further confirmed the results of proteomics. In conclusion, P8 attenuates hepatic OS and ER stress by regulating GGT5, TXNDC12, SRM, and glutathione metabolism in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmeng Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuxin Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
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7
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Deng R, Wang F, Wang L, Xiong L, Shen X, Song H. Advances in Plant Polysaccharides as Antiaging Agents: Effects and Signaling Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7175-7191. [PMID: 37155561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging refers to the gradual physiological changes that occur in an organism after reaching adulthood, resulting in senescence and a decline in biological functions, ultimately leading to death. Epidemiological evidence shows that aging is a driving factor in the developing of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, immune system disorders, cancer, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Natural plant polysaccharides have emerged as crucial food components in delaying the aging process. Therefore, it is essential to continuously investigate plant polysaccharides as potential sources of new pharmaceuticals for aging. Modern pharmacological research indicates that plant polysaccharides can exert antiaging effects by scavenging free radicals, increasing telomerase activity, regulating apoptosis, enhancing immunity, inhibiting glycosylation, improving mitochondrial dysfunction regulating gene expression, activating autophagy, and modulating gut microbiota. Moreover, the antiaging activity of plant polysaccharides is mediated by one or more signaling pathways, including IIS, mTOR, Nrf2, NF-κB, Sirtuin, p53, MAPK, and UPR signaling pathways. This review summarizes the antiaging properties of plant polysaccharides and signaling pathways participating in the polysaccharide-regulating aging process. Finally, we discuss the structure-activity relationships of antiaging polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Luanfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Tjahjono E, Kirienko DR, Kirienko NV. The emergent role of mitochondrial surveillance in cellular health. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13710. [PMID: 36088658 PMCID: PMC9649602 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the primary causatives for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and aging. Decline in mitochondrial functions leads to the loss of proteostasis, accumulation of ROS, and mitochondrial DNA damage, which further exacerbates mitochondrial deterioration in a vicious cycle. Surveillance mechanisms, in which mitochondrial functions are closely monitored for any sign of perturbations, exist to anticipate possible havoc within these multifunctional organelles with primitive origin. Various indicators of unhealthy mitochondria, including halted protein import, dissipated membrane potential, and increased loads of oxidative damage, are on the top of the lists for close monitoring. Recent research also indicates a possibility of reductive stress being monitored as part of a mitochondrial surveillance program. Upon detection of mitochondrial stress, multiple mitochondrial stress-responsive pathways are activated to promote the transcription of numerous nuclear genes to ameliorate mitochondrial damage and restore compromised cellular functions. Co-expression occurs through functionalization of transcription factors, allowing their binding to promoter elements to initiate transcription of target genes. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the intricacy of mitochondrial surveillance programs and highlights their roles in our cellular life. Ultimately, a better understanding of these surveillance mechanisms is expected to improve healthspan.
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Multifarious Translational Regulation during Replicative Aging in Yeast. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090938. [PMID: 36135663 PMCID: PMC9500732 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is strictly regulated during replicative aging in yeast, but global translational regulation during replicative aging is poorly characterized. To conduct ribosome profiling during replicative aging, we collected a large number of dividing aged cells using a miniature chemostat aging device. Translational efficiency, defined as the number of ribosome footprints normalized to transcript abundance, was compared between young and aged cells for each gene. We identified more than 700 genes with changes greater than twofold during replicative aging. Increased translational efficiency was observed in genes involved in DNA repair and chromosome organization. Decreased translational efficiency was observed in genes encoding ribosome components, transposon Ty1 and Ty2 genes, transcription factor HAC1 gene associated with the unfolded protein response, genes involved in cell wall synthesis and assembly, and ammonium permease genes. Our results provide a global view of translational regulation during replicative aging, in which the pathways involved in various cell functions are translationally regulated and cause diverse phenotypic changes.
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Vanderwaeren L, Dok R, Voordeckers K, Vandemaele L, Verstrepen KJ, Nuyts S. An Integrated Approach Reveals DNA Damage and Proteotoxic Stress as Main Effects of Proton Radiation in S. cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105493. [PMID: 35628303 PMCID: PMC9145671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton radiotherapy (PRT) has the potential to reduce the normal tissue toxicity associated with conventional photon-based radiotherapy (X-ray therapy, XRT) because the active dose can be more directly targeted to a tumor. Although this dosimetric advantage of PRT is well known, the molecular mechanisms affected by PRT remain largely elusive. Here, we combined the molecular toolbox of the eukaryotic model Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a systems biology approach to investigate the physiological effects of PRT compared to XRT. Our data show that the DNA damage response and protein stress response are the major molecular mechanisms activated after both PRT and XRT. However, RNA-Seq revealed that PRT treatment evoked a stronger activation of genes involved in the response to proteotoxic stress, highlighting the molecular differences between PRT and XRT. Moreover, inhibition of the proteasome resulted in decreased survival in combination with PRT compared to XRT, not only further confirming that protons induced a stronger proteotoxic stress response, but also hinting at the potential of using proteasome inhibitors in combination with proton radiotherapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vanderwaeren
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.V.); (R.D.); (L.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.V.); (R.D.); (L.V.)
| | - Karin Voordeckers
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vandemaele
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.V.); (R.D.); (L.V.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (K.J.V.); (S.N.); Tel.: +32-(0)16-75-1393 (K.J.V.); +32-1634-7600 (S.N.); Fax: +32-1634-7623 (S.N.)
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.V.); (R.D.); (L.V.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (K.J.V.); (S.N.); Tel.: +32-(0)16-75-1393 (K.J.V.); +32-1634-7600 (S.N.); Fax: +32-1634-7623 (S.N.)
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11
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Wodrich APK, Scott AW, Shukla AK, Harris BT, Giniger E. The Unfolded Protein Responses in Health, Aging, and Neurodegeneration: Recent Advances and Future Considerations. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:831116. [PMID: 35283733 PMCID: PMC8914544 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.831116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-related neurodegeneration are both associated with the accumulation of unfolded and abnormally folded proteins, highlighting the importance of protein homeostasis (termed proteostasis) in maintaining organismal health. To this end, two cellular compartments with essential protein folding functions, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria, are equipped with unique protein stress responses, known as the ER unfolded protein response (UPR ER ) and the mitochondrial UPR (UPR mt ), respectively. These organellar UPRs play roles in shaping the cellular responses to proteostatic stress that occurs in aging and age-related neurodegeneration. The loss of adaptive UPR ER and UPR mt signaling potency with age contributes to a feed-forward cycle of increasing protein stress and cellular dysfunction. Likewise, UPR ER and UPR mt signaling is often altered in age-related neurodegenerative diseases; however, whether these changes counteract or contribute to the disease pathology appears to be context dependent. Intriguingly, altering organellar UPR signaling in animal models can reduce the pathological consequences of aging and neurodegeneration which has prompted clinical investigations of UPR signaling modulators as therapeutics. Here, we review the physiology of both the UPR ER and the UPR mt , discuss how UPR ER and UPR mt signaling changes in the context of aging and neurodegeneration, and highlight therapeutic strategies targeting the UPR ER and UPR mt that may improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. K. Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew W. Scott
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Arvind Kumar Shukla
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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12
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Zhang P, Konja D, Zhang Y, Xu A, Lee IK, Jeon JH, Bashiri G, Mitra A, Wang Y. Clusterin is involved in mediating the metabolic function of adipose SIRT1. iScience 2022; 25:103709. [PMID: 35072003 PMCID: PMC8762396 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is a metabolic sensor regulating energy homeostasis. The present study revealed that mice with selective overexpression of human SIRT1 in adipose tissue (Adipo-SIRT1) were protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic abnormalities. Adipose SIRT1 was enriched at mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs) to trigger mitohormesis and unfolded protein response (UPRmt), in turn preventing ER stress. As a downstream target of UPRmt, clusterin was significantly upregulated and acted together with SIRT1 to regulate the protein and lipid compositions at MERCs of adipose tissue. In mice lacking clusterin, HFD-induced metabolic abnormalities were significantly enhanced and could not be prevented by overexpression of SIRT1 in adipose tissue. Treatment with ER stress inhibitors restored adipose SIRT1-mediated beneficial effects on systemic energy metabolism. In summary, adipose SIRT1 facilitated the dynamic interactions and communications between mitochondria and ER, via MERCs, in turn triggering a mild mitochondrial stress to instigate the defense responses against dietary obesity-induced metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniels Konja
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu41944, South Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu41944, South Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Ghader Bashiri
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alok Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Lynn MA, Eden G, Ryan FJ, Bensalem J, Wang X, Blake SJ, Choo JM, Chern YT, Sribnaia A, James J, Benson SC, Sandeman L, Xie J, Hassiotis S, Sun EW, Martin AM, Keller MD, Keating DJ, Sargeant TJ, Proud CG, Wesselingh SL, Rogers GB, Lynn DJ. The composition of the gut microbiota following early-life antibiotic exposure affects host health and longevity in later life. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109564. [PMID: 34433065 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating whether there is a causative link between the gut microbiota and lifespan have largely been restricted to invertebrates or to mice with a reduced lifespan because of a genetic deficiency. We investigate the effect of early-life antibiotic exposure on otherwise healthy, normal chow-fed, wild-type mice, monitoring these mice for more than 700 days in comparison with untreated control mice. We demonstrate the emergence of two different low-diversity community types, post-antibiotic microbiota (PAM) I and PAM II, following antibiotic exposure. PAM II but not PAM I mice have impaired immunity, increased insulin resistance, and evidence of increased inflammaging in later life as well as a reduced lifespan. Our data suggest that differences in the composition of the gut microbiota following antibiotic exposure differentially affect host health and longevity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Georgina Eden
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Feargal J Ryan
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Julien Bensalem
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blake
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Yee Tee Chern
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Anastasia Sribnaia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jane James
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Saoirse C Benson
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Lauren Sandeman
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jianling Xie
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sofia Hassiotis
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Emily W Sun
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Alyce M Martin
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Marianne D Keller
- Preclinical, Imaging & Research Laboratories (PIRL), South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Steve L Wesselingh
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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14
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Reprogramming of the Ethanol Stress Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the Transcription Factor Znf1 and Its Effect on the Biosynthesis of Glycerol and Ethanol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0058821. [PMID: 34105981 PMCID: PMC8315178 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00588-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High ethanol levels can severely inhibit the growth of yeast cells and fermentation productivity. The ethanologenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae activates several well-defined cellular mechanisms of ethanol stress response (ESR); however, the involved regulatory control remains to be characterized. Here, we report a new transcription factor of ethanol stress adaptation called Znf1. It plays a central role in ESR by activating genes for glycerol and fatty acid production (GUP1, GPP1, GPP2, GPD1, GAT1, and OLE1) to preserve plasma membrane integrity. Importantly, Znf1 also activates genes implicated in cell wall biosynthesis (FKS1, SED1, and SMI1) and in the unfolded protein response (HSP30, HSP104, KAR1, and LHS1) to protect cells from proteotoxic stress. The znf1Δ strain displays increased sensitivity to ethanol, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor β-mercaptoethanol, and the cell wall-perturbing agent calcofluor white. To compensate for a defective cell wall, the strain lacking ZNF1 or its target SMI1 displays increased glycerol levels of 19.6% and 27.7%, respectively. Znf1 collectively regulates an intricate network of target genes essential for growth, protein refolding, and production of key metabolites. Overexpression of ZNF1 not only confers tolerance to high ethanol levels but also increases ethanol production by 4.6% (8.43 g/liter) or 2.8% (75.78 g/liter) when 2% or 20% (wt/vol) glucose, respectively, is used as a substrate, compared to that of the wild-type strain. The mutually stress-responsive transcription factors Msn2/4, Hsf1, and Yap1 are associated with some promoters of Znf1’s target genes to promote ethanol stress tolerance. In conclusion, this work implicates the novel regulator Znf1 in coordinating expression of ESR genes and illuminates the unifying transcriptional reprogramming during alcoholic fermentation. IMPORTANCE The yeast S. cerevisiae is a major microbe that is widely used in food and nonfood industries. However, accumulation of ethanol has a negative effect on its growth and limits ethanol production. The Znf1 transcription factor has been implicated as a key regulator of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the utilization of different carbon sources, including glucose, the most abundant sugar on earth, and nonfermentable substrates. Here, the role of Znf1 in ethanol stress response is defined. Znf1 actively reprograms expression of genes linked to the unfolded protein response (UPR), heat shock response, glycerol and carbohydrate metabolism, and biosynthesis of cell membrane and cell wall components. A complex interplay among transcription factors of ESR indicates transcriptional fine-tuning as the main mechanism of stress adaptation, and Znf1 plays a major regulatory role in the coordination. Understanding the adaptive ethanol stress mechanism is crucial to engineering robust yeast strains for enhanced stress tolerance or increased ethanol production.
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15
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Taylor RC, Hetz C. Mastering organismal aging through the endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis network. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13265. [PMID: 33128506 PMCID: PMC7681052 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is characterized by a progressive decline in the function of most tissues, representing the main risk factor in the development of a variety of human diseases. Studies in multiple animal models have demonstrated that interventions that improve the capacity to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis prolong life and healthspan. ER stress is monitored by the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling pathway that mediates adaptive processes to restore proteostasis or the elimination of damaged cells by apoptosis. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the significance of the UPR to aging and its implications for the maintenance of cell physiology of various cell types and organs. The possible benefits of targeting the UPR to extend healthspan and reduce the risk of developing age-related diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Center for GeroscienceBrain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCAUSA
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16
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Zhao W, Liu JX, Guo F, Liu XG. Yeast MED2 is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and modulation of the replicative lifespan. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111381. [PMID: 33045248 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae MED2/YDL005C is a subunit of the mediator complex (Mediator), which is responsible for tightly controlling the transcription of protein-coding genes by mediating the interaction of RNA polymerase II with gene-specific transcription factors. Although a high-throughput analysis in yeast showed that the MED2 protein exhibits altered cellular localization under hypoxic stress, no specific function of MED2 has been described to date. In this study, we first provided evidence that MED2 is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and modulation of the replicative life span. We showed that deletion of MED2 leads to sensitivity to the ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) as well as a shortened replicative lifespan (RLS), accompanied by increased intracellular ROS levels and hyperpolarization of mitochondria. On the other hand, overexpression of MED2 in wild-type (WT) yeast enhanced TM resistance and extended the RLS. In addition, the IRE1-HAC1 pathway was essential for the TM resistance of MED2-overexpressing cells. Moreover, we showed that MED2 deficiency enhances ER unfolded protein response (UPR) activity compared to that in WT cells. Collectively, these results suggest the novel role of MED2 as a regulator in maintaining ER homeostasis and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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17
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Janssen-Heininger Y, Reynaert NL, van der Vliet A, Anathy V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and glutathione therapeutics in chronic lung diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101516. [PMID: 32249209 PMCID: PMC7251249 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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18
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Crane MM, Chen KL, Blue BW, Kaeberlein M. Trajectories of Aging: How Systems Biology in Yeast Can Illuminate Mechanisms of Personalized Aging. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1800420. [PMID: 31385433 PMCID: PMC7000301 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
All organisms age, but the extent to which all organisms age the same way remains a fundamental unanswered question in biology. Across species, it is now clear that at least some aspects of aging are highly conserved and are perhaps universal, but other mechanisms of aging are private to individual species or sets of closely related species. Within the same species, however, it has generally been assumed that the molecular mechanisms of aging are largely invariant from one individual to the next. With the development of new tools for studying aging at the individual cell level in budding yeast, recent data has called this assumption into question. There is emerging evidence that individual yeast mother cells may undergo fundamentally different trajectories of aging. Individual trajectories of aging are difficult to study by traditional population level assays, but through the application of systems biology approaches combined with novel microfluidic technologies, it is now possible to observe and study these phenomena in real time. Understanding the spectrum of mechanisms that determine how different individuals age is a necessary step toward the goal of personalized geroscience, where healthy longevity is optimized for each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Crane
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ben W. Blue
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Yang Y, Cheung HH, Zhang C, Wu J, Chan WY. Melatonin as Potential Targets for Delaying Ovarian Aging. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:16-28. [PMID: 30156157 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180828144843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, oxidative stress damage has been solely considered to be the mechanism of ovarian aging, and several antioxidants have been used to delay ovarian aging. But recently, more reports have found that endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, sirtuins, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomeres, gene mutation, premature ovarian failure, and polycystic ovary syndrome are all closely related to ovarian aging, and these factors all interact with oxidative stress. These novel insights on ovarian aging are summarized in this review. Furthermore, as a pleiotropic molecule, melatonin is an important antioxidant and used as drugs for several diseases treatment. Melatonin regulates not only oxidative stress, but also the various molecules, and normal and pathological processes interact with ovarian functions and aging. Hence, the mechanism of ovarian aging and the extensive role of melatonin in the ovarian aging process are described herein. This systematic review supply new insights into ovarian aging and the use of melatonin to delay its onset, further supply a novel drug of melatonin for ovarian aging treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 75004, China
| | - Hoi-Hung Cheung
- Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shandong University Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 75004, China.,Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shandong University Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
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20
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Cai H, Han B, Hu Y, Zhao X, He Z, Chen X, Sun H, Yuan J, Li Y, Yang X, Kong W, Kong WJ. Metformin attenuates the D‑galactose‑induced aging process via the UPR through the AMPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:715-730. [PMID: 31922237 PMCID: PMC7015132 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age‑related hearing loss, also termed central presbycusis, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease; it is a devastating disorder that severely affects the quality of life of elderly individuals. Substantial evidence has indicated that oxidative stress and associated protein folding dysfunction have a marked influence on neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to cells to investigate whether metformin protects against age‑related pathologies and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms; specifically, we focused on the role of unfolded protein response (UPR) via the AMPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. For this purpose, the biguanide compound, metformin, a medication widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, was administered to rats in a model of mimetic aging. In addition, senescent PC12 were treated with metformin. Although it has been well established that UPR signaling is activated in response to cellular stress and is associated with the pathogenesis of neuronal deterioration, the detailed functions of the UPR in the auditory cortex remain unclear. We found that metformin treatment markedly affected the UPR and the AMPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and maintained the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold during the aging process. The results indicated that the regulation of the UPR and AMPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway by metformin significantly attenuated hearing loss, cell apoptosis and age‑related neurodegeneration. Reversing these harmful effects through the use of metformin suggests its involvement in restoring the antioxidant status and protein homeostasis related to the underlying pathology of presbycusis. The findings of this study may provide a better approach for the treatment of age‑related neurodegeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Baoai Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zuhong He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xubo Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yongqin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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21
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Anisimova AS, Alexandrov AI, Makarova NE, Gladyshev VN, Dmitriev SE. Protein synthesis and quality control in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:4269-4288. [PMID: 30562164 PMCID: PMC6326689 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damage and other deleterious changes, leading to the loss of functionality and fitness. Age-related changes occur at most levels of organization of a living organism (molecular, organellar, cellular, tissue and organ). However, protein synthesis is a major biological process, and thus understanding how it changes with age is of paramount importance. Here, we discuss the relationships between lifespan, aging, protein synthesis and translational control, and expand this analysis to the various aspects of proteome behavior in organisms with age. Characterizing the consequences of changes in protein synthesis and translation fidelity, and determining whether altered translation is pathological or adaptive is necessary for understanding the aging process, as well as for developing approaches to target dysfunction in translation as a strategy for extending lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Anisimova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Alexander I Alexandrov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E Makarova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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22
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Song J, Chen M, Li Z, Zhang J, Hu H, Tong X, Dai F. Astragalus Polysaccharide Extends Lifespan via Mitigating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Aging Dis 2019; 10:1187-1198. [PMID: 31788331 PMCID: PMC6844597 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been widely used to improve glucose homeostasis and immunoregulator properties. In recent years, it has also been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, our study shows that APS could significantly extend adult stage, mean, and maximum lifespan of the silkworm, Bombyx mori and increase body weight without affecting food intake and fecundity. Meanwhile, the activities of glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase are significantly enhanced, and the reaction oxygen species content is reduced concomitantly. Moreover, the activity of lysozyme is increased dramatically. In addition, APS rescues the shortened lifespan by Bacillus thuringiensis infection in silkworm. Furthermore, the transcription of the crucial genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress is upregulated upon the endoplasmic reticulum stress stimulation. APS also significantly ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in silkworm cell line and in vivo. Together, the results of this study indicate that APS can prolong the silkworm lifespan by mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism of APS-induced lifespan extension and highlights the importance of the silkworm as an experimental animal for evaluating the effects and revealing the mechanisms in lifespan extension of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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23
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Kundu P, Lee HU, Garcia-Perez I, Tay EXY, Kim H, Faylon LE, Martin KA, Purbojati R, Drautz-Moses DI, Ghosh S, Nicholson JK, Schuster S, Holmes E, Pettersson S. Neurogenesis and prolongevity signaling in young germ-free mice transplanted with the gut microbiota of old mice. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/518/eaau4760. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota evolves as the host ages, yet the effects of these microbial changes on host physiology and energy homeostasis are poorly understood. To investigate these potential effects, we transplanted the gut microbiota of old or young mice into young germ-free recipient mice. Both groups showed similar weight gain and skeletal muscle mass, but germ-free mice receiving a gut microbiota transplant from old donor mice unexpectedly showed increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the brain and increased intestinal growth. Metagenomic analysis revealed age-sensitive enrichment in butyrate-producing microbes in young germ-free mice transplanted with the gut microbiota of old donor mice. The higher concentration of gut microbiota–derived butyrate in these young transplanted mice was associated with an increase in the pleiotropic and prolongevity hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). An increase in FGF21 correlated with increased AMPK and SIRT-1 activation and reduced mTOR signaling. Young germ-free mice treated with exogenous sodium butyrate recapitulated the prolongevity phenotype observed in young germ-free mice receiving a gut microbiota transplant from old donor mice. These results suggest that gut microbiota transplants from aged hosts conferred beneficial effects in responsive young recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Kundu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory for Microbiota-Host Interactions, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hae Ung Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, SW72AZ London, UK
| | - Emmy Xue Yun Tay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Llanto Elma Faylon
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Katherine A. Martin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Rikky Purbojati
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Penningtion Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Center, Murdoch University Perth, Perth, Western Australia, WA6150 Australia
| | - Stephan Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, SW72AZ London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, SE 17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Geltinger F, Tevini J, Briza P, Geiser A, Bischof J, Richter K, Felder T, Rinnerthaler M. The transfer of specific mitochondrial lipids and proteins to lipid droplets contributes to proteostasis upon stress and aging in the eukaryotic model system Saccharomyces cerevisiae. GeroScience 2019; 42:19-38. [PMID: 31676965 PMCID: PMC7031196 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally Lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as being droplets for lipid storage only. Increasing evidence, however, demonstrates that LDs fulfill a pleiotropy of additional functions. Among them is the modulation of protein as well as lipid homeostasis. Under unfavorable pro-oxidative conditions, proteins can form aggregates which may exceed the overall proteolytic capacity of the proteasome. After stress termination LDs can adjust and support the removal of these aggregates. Additionally, LDs interact with mitochondria, specifically take over certain proteins and thus prevent apoptosis. LDs, which are loaded with these harmful proteins, are subsequently eliminated via lipophagy. Recently it was demonstrated that this autophagic process is a modulator of longevity. LDs do not only eliminate potentially dangerous proteins, but they are also able to prevent lipotoxicity by storing specific lipids. In the present study we used the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to compare the proteome as well as lipidome of mitochondria and LDs under different conditions: replicative aging, stress and apoptosis. In this context we found an accumulation of proteins at LDs, supporting the role of LDs in proteostasis. Additionally, the composition of main lipid classes such as phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylglycerols, triacylglycerols, ceramides, phosphatidic acids and ergosterol of LDs and mitochondria changed during stress conditions and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Geltinger
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Tevini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Amrito Geiser
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes Bischof
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Klaus Richter
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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25
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Medkour Y, Mohammad K, Arlia-Ciommo A, Svistkova V, Dakik P, Mitrofanova D, Rodriguez MEL, Junio JAB, Taifour T, Escudero P, Goltsios FF, Soodbakhsh S, Maalaoui H, Simard É, Titorenko VI. Mechanisms by which PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, delays chronological aging in budding yeast. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5780-5816. [PMID: 31645900 PMCID: PMC6791382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently found that PE21, an extract from the white willow Salix alba, slows chronological aging and prolongs longevity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more efficiently than any of the previously known pharmacological interventions. Here, we investigated mechanisms through which PE21 delays yeast chronological aging and extends yeast longevity. We show that PE21 causes a remodeling of lipid metabolism in chronologically aging yeast, thereby instigating changes in the concentrations of several lipid classes. We demonstrate that such changes in the cellular lipidome initiate three mechanisms of aging delay and longevity extension. The first mechanism through which PE21 slows aging and prolongs longevity consists in its ability to decrease the intracellular concentration of free fatty acids. This postpones an age-related onset of liponecrotic cell death promoted by excessive concentrations of free fatty acids. The second mechanism of aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to decrease the concentrations of triacylglycerols and to increase the concentrations of glycerophospholipids within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This activates the unfolded protein response system in the endoplasmic reticulum, which then decelerates an age-related decline in protein and lipid homeostasis and slows down an aging-associated deterioration of cell resistance to stress. The third mechanisms underlying aging delay and longevity extension by PE21 consists in its ability to change lipid concentrations in the mitochondrial membranes. This alters certain catabolic and anabolic processes in mitochondria, thus amending the pattern of aging-associated changes in several key aspects of mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Medkour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Veronika Svistkova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Pamela Dakik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Darya Mitrofanova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | | | - Tarek Taifour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Paola Escudero
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fani-Fay Goltsios
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sahar Soodbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hana Maalaoui
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Éric Simard
- Idunn Technologies Inc., Rosemere, Quebec J7A 4A5, Canada
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26
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Cell organelles and yeast longevity: an intertwined regulation. Curr Genet 2019; 66:15-41. [PMID: 31535186 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organelles are dynamic structures of a eukaryotic cell that compartmentalize various essential functions and regulate optimum functioning. On the other hand, ageing is an inevitable phenomenon that leads to irreversible cellular damage and affects optimum functioning of cells. Recent research shows compelling evidence that connects organelle dysfunction to ageing-related diseases/disorders. Studies in several model systems including yeast have led to seminal contributions to the field of ageing in uncovering novel pathways, proteins and their functions, identification of pro- and anti-ageing factors and so on. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of findings that highlight the role of organelles in ageing and ageing-associated functions/pathways in yeast.
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27
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Chadwick SR, Fazio EN, Etedali-Zadeh P, Genereaux J, Duennwald ML, Lajoie P. A functional unfolded protein response is required for chronological aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2019; 66:263-277. [PMID: 31346745 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Progressive impairment of proteostasis and accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins are associated with the cellular aging process. Here, we employed chronologically aged yeast cells to investigate how activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) affects lifespan. We found that cells lacking a functional UPR display a significantly reduced chronological lifespan, which contrasts previous findings in models of replicative aging. We find exacerbated UPR activation in aged cells, indicating an increase in misfolded protein burden in the ER during the course of aging. We also observed that caloric restriction, which promotes longevity in various model organisms, extends lifespan of UPR-deficient strains. Similarly, aging in pH-buffered media extends lifespan, albeit independently of the UPR. Thus, our data support a role for caloric restriction and reduced acid stress in improving ER homeostasis during aging. Finally, we show that UPR-mediated upregulation of the ER chaperone Kar2 and functional ER-associated degradation (ERAD) are essential for proper aging. Our work documents the central role of secretory protein homeostasis in chronological aging in yeast and highlights that the requirement for a functional UPR can differ between post-mitotic and actively dividing eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Chadwick
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Elena N Fazio
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Parnian Etedali-Zadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Julie Genereaux
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Patrick Lajoie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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28
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GAS1 Deficient Enhances UPR Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1238581. [PMID: 31275960 PMCID: PMC6582843 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1238581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (Gas1p) plays important roles in cell wall biosynthesis and morphogenesis and has been implicated in DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation in fungi. Yeast Gas1p has also been reported to participate in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. However, the precise roles and molecular mechanisms through which Gas1p affects these responses have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we constructed GAS1-deficient (gas1Δ) and GAS1-overexpressing (GAS1 OE) yeast strains and observed that the gas1Δ strain exhibited a decreased proliferation ability and a shorter replicative lifespan (RLS), as well as enhanced activity of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the absence of stress. However, under the high-tunicamycin-concentration (an ER stress-inducing agent; 1.0 μg/mL) stress, the gas1Δ yeast cells exhibited an increased proliferation ability compared with the wild-type yeast strain. In addition, our findings demonstrated that IRE1 and HAC1 (two upstream modulators of the UPR) are required for the survival of gas1Δ yeast cells under the tunicamycin stress. On the other hand, we provided evidence that the GAS1 overexpression caused an obvious sensitivity to the low-tunicamycin-concentration (0.25 μg/mL). Collectively, our results indicate that Gas1p plays an important role in the ageing and ER stress responses in yeast.
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29
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Chadwick SR, Lajoie P. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Coping Mechanisms and Lifespan Regulation in Health and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:84. [PMID: 31231647 PMCID: PMC6558375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors lead to proteostatic perturbations, often resulting in the aberrant accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins. Cells, from yeast to humans, can respond to sudden accumulation of secretory proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through pathways such as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). The ability of cells to adapt the ER folding environment to the misfolded protein burden ultimately dictates cell fate. The aging process is a particularly important modifier of the proteostasis network; as cells age, both their ability to maintain this balance in protein folding/degradation and their ability to respond to insults in these pathways can break down, a common element of age-related diseases (including neurodegenerative diseases). ER stress coping mechanisms are central to lifespan regulation under both normal and disease states. In this review, we give a brief overview of the role of ER stress response pathways in age-dependent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Chadwick
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Lajoie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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30
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Komath SS, Singh SL, Pratyusha VA, Sah SK. Generating anchors only to lose them: The unusual story of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis and remodeling in yeast and fungi. IUBMB Life 2019; 70:355-383. [PMID: 29679465 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are present ubiquitously at the cell surface in all eukaryotes. They play a crucial role in the interaction of the cell with its external environment, allowing the cell to receive signals, respond to challenges, and mediate adhesion. In yeast and fungi, they also participate in the structural integrity of the cell wall and are often essential for survival. Roughly four decades after the discovery of the first GPI-APs, this review provides an overview of the insights gained from studies of the GPI biosynthetic pathway and the future challenges in the field. In particular, we focus on the biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has for long been studied as a model organism. Where available, we also provide information about the GPI biosynthetic steps in other yeast/ fungi. Although the core structure of the GPI anchor is conserved across organisms, several variations are built into the biosynthetic pathway. The present Review specifically highlights these variations and their implications. There is growing evidence to suggest that several phenotypes are common to GPI deficiency and should be expected in GPI biosynthetic mutants. However, it appears that several phenotypes are unique to a specific step in the pathway and may even be species-specific. These could suggest the points at which the GPI biosynthetic pathway intersects with other important cellular pathways and could be points of regulation. They could be of particular significance in the study of pathogenic fungi and in identification of new and specific antifungal drugs/ drug targets. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):355-383, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sneh Lata Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sudisht Kumar Sah
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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31
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(Un)folding mechanisms of adaptation to ER stress: lessons from aneuploidy. Curr Genet 2019; 65:467-471. [PMID: 30511161 PMCID: PMC6421085 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During stress, accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers activation of the adaptive mechanisms that restore protein homeostasis. One mechanism that eukaryotic cells use to respond to ER stress is through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway, which initiates degradation of misfolded proteins and leads to inhibition of translation and increased expression of chaperones and oxidative folding components that enhance ER protein folding capacity. However, the mechanisms of adaptation to ER stress are not limited to the UPR. Using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we recently discovered that the protein folding burden in the ER can be alleviated in a UPR-independent manner through duplication of whole chromosomes containing ER stress-protective genes. Here we discuss our findings and their implication to our understanding of the mechanisms by which cells respond to protein misfolding in the ER.
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32
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Yeast molecular chaperone gene SSB2 is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:589-598. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Tzur YB, Winter E, Gao J, Hashimshony T, Yanai I, Colaiácovo MP. Spatiotemporal Gene Expression Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline Uncovers a Syncytial Expression Switch. Genetics 2018; 210:587-605. [PMID: 30093412 PMCID: PMC6216576 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental programs are executed by tightly controlled gene regulatory pathways. Here, we combined the unique sample retrieval capacity afforded by laser capture microscopy with analysis of mRNA abundance by CEL-Seq (cell expression by linear amplification and sequencing) to generate a spatiotemporal gene expression map of the Caenorhabditis elegans syncytial germline from adult hermaphrodites and males. We found that over 6000 genes exhibit spatiotemporally dynamic expression patterns throughout the hermaphrodite germline, with two dominant groups of genes exhibiting reciprocal shifts in expression at late pachytene during meiotic prophase I. We found a strong correlation between restricted spatiotemporal expression and known developmental and cellular processes, indicating that these gene expression changes may be an important driver of germ cell progression. Analysis of the male gonad revealed a shift in gene expression at early pachytene and upregulation of subsets of genes following the meiotic divisions, specifically in early and late spermatids, mostly transcribed from the X chromosome. We observed that while the X chromosome is silenced throughout the first half of the gonad, some genes escape this control and are highly expressed throughout the germline. Although we found a strong correlation between the expression of genes corresponding to CSR-1-interacting 22G-RNAs during germ cell progression, we also found that a large fraction of genes may bypass the need for CSR-1-mediated germline licensing. Taken together, these findings suggest the existence of mechanisms that enable a shift in gene expression during prophase I to promote germ cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan B Tzur
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Eitan Winter
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jinmin Gao
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Tamar Hashimshony
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Itai Yanai
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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34
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Beaupere C, Dinatto L, Wasko BM, Chen RB, VanValkenburg L, Kiflezghi MG, Lee MB, Promislow DEL, Dang W, Kaeberlein M, Labunskyy VM. Genetic screen identifies adaptive aneuploidy as a key mediator of ER stress resistance in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9586-9591. [PMID: 30185560 PMCID: PMC6156608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804264115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast genome becomes unstable during stress, which often results in adaptive aneuploidy, allowing rapid activation of protective mechanisms that restore cellular homeostasis. In this study, we performed a genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify genome adaptations that confer resistance to tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Whole-genome sequencing of tunicamycin-resistant mutants revealed that ER stress resistance correlated significantly with gains of chromosomes II and XIII. We found that chromosome duplications allow adaptation of yeast cells to ER stress independently of the unfolded protein response, and that the gain of an extra copy of chromosome II alone is sufficient to induce protection from tunicamycin. Moreover, the protective effect of disomic chromosomes can be recapitulated by overexpression of several genes located on chromosome II. Among these genes, overexpression of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1-P transferase (ALG7), a subunit of the 20S proteasome (PRE7), and YBR085C-A induced tunicamycin resistance in wild-type cells, whereas deletion of all three genes completely reversed the tunicamycin-resistance phenotype. Together, our data demonstrate that aneuploidy plays a critical role in adaptation to ER stress by increasing the copy number of ER stress protective genes. While aneuploidy itself leads to proteotoxic stress, the gene-specific effects of chromosome II aneuploidy counteract the negative effect resulting in improved protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Beaupere
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Leticia Dinatto
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Brian M Wasko
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Rosalyn B Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Lauren VanValkenburg
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | | | - Mitchell B Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Weiwei Dang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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35
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Van Dalfsen KM, Hodapp S, Keskin A, Otto GM, Berdan CA, Higdon A, Cheunkarndee T, Nomura DK, Jovanovic M, Brar GA. Global Proteome Remodeling during ER Stress Involves Hac1-Driven Expression of Long Undecoded Transcript Isoforms. Dev Cell 2018; 46:219-235.e8. [PMID: 30016623 PMCID: PMC6140797 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress responses often require transcription-based activation of gene expression to promote cellular adaptation. Whether general mechanisms exist for stress-responsive gene downregulation is less clear. A recently defined mechanism enables both up- and downregulation of protein levels for distinct gene sets by the same transcription factor via coordinated induction of canonical mRNAs and long undecoded transcript isoforms (LUTIs). We analyzed parallel gene expression datasets to determine whether this mechanism contributes to the conserved Hac1-driven branch of the unfolded protein response (UPRER), indeed observing Hac1-dependent protein downregulation accompanying the upregulation of ER-related proteins that typifies UPRER activation. Proteins downregulated by Hac1-driven LUTIs include those with electron transport chain (ETC) function. Abrogated ETC function improves the fitness of UPRER-activated cells, suggesting functional importance to this regulation. We conclude that the UPRER drives large-scale proteome remodeling, including coordinated up- and downregulation of distinct protein classes, which is partly mediated by Hac1-induced LUTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Hodapp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Abdurrahman Keskin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - George Maxwell Otto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Charles Andrew Berdan
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrea Higdon
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tia Cheunkarndee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Koji Nomura
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marko Jovanovic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gloria Ann Brar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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36
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Song S, Johnson FB. Epigenetic Mechanisms Impacting Aging: A Focus on Histone Levels and Telomeres. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040201. [PMID: 29642537 PMCID: PMC5924543 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-related diseases pose some of the most significant and difficult challenges to modern society as well as to the scientific and medical communities. Biological aging is a complex, and, under normal circumstances, seemingly irreversible collection of processes that involves numerous underlying mechanisms. Among these, chromatin-based processes have emerged as major regulators of cellular and organismal aging. These include DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and telomere regulation, including how these are influenced by environmental factors such as diet. Here we focus on two interconnected categories of chromatin-based mechanisms impacting aging: those involving changes in the levels of histones or in the functions of telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Song
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Sklirou A, Papanagnou ED, Fokialakis N, Trougakos IP. Cancer chemoprevention via activation of proteostatic modules. Cancer Lett 2018; 413:110-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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CAN1 Arginine Permease Deficiency Extends Yeast Replicative Lifespan via Translational Activation of Stress Response Genes. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1884-1892. [PMID: 28228255 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation plays an important role in the control of gene expression during aging. However, translation efficiency likely plays an equally important role in determining protein abundance, but it has been relatively understudied in this context. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ribosome profiling to investigate the role of translational regulation in lifespan extension by CAN1 gene deletion in yeast. Through comparison of the transcriptional and translational changes in cells lacking CAN1 with other long-lived mutants, we were able to identify critical regulatory factors, including transcription factors and mRNA-binding proteins, that coordinate transcriptional and translational responses. Together, our data support a model in which deletion of CAN1 extends replicative lifespan through increased translation of proteins that facilitate cellular response to stress. This study extends our understanding of the importance of translational control in regulating stress resistance and longevity.
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39
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Yu XW, Sun WH, Wang YZ, Xu Y. Identification of novel factors enhancing recombinant protein production in multi-copy Komagataella phaffii based on transcriptomic analysis of overexpression effects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16249. [PMID: 29176680 PMCID: PMC5701153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) has been developed into a highly successful system for heterologous protein expression in both academia and industry. However, overexpression of recombinant protein often leads to severe burden on the physiology of K. phaffii and triggers cellular stress. To elucidate the global effect of protein overexpression, we set out to analyze the differential transcriptome of recombinant strains with 12 copies and a single copy of phospholipase A2 gene (PLA2) from Streptomyces violaceoruber. Through GO, KEGG and heat map analysis of significantly differentially expressed genes, the results indicated that the 12-copy strain suffered heavy cellular stress. The genes involved in protein processing and stress response were significantly upregulated due to the burden of protein folding and secretion, while the genes in ribosome and DNA replication were significantly downregulated possibly contributing to the reduced cell growth rate under protein overexpression stress. Three most upregulated heat shock response genes (CPR6, FES1, and STI1) were co-overexpressed in K. phaffii and proved their positive effect on the secretion of reporter enzymes (PLA2 and prolyl endopeptidase) by increasing the production up to 1.41-fold, providing novel helper factors for rational engineering of K. phaffii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China.
| | - Wei-Hong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Zheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China.
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40
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Postnikoff SD, Johnson JE, Tyler JK. The integrated stress response in budding yeast lifespan extension. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2017; 4:368-375. [PMID: 29167799 PMCID: PMC5695854 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.11.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex, multi-factorial biological process shared by all living organisms. It is manifested by a gradual accumulation of molecular alterations that lead to the decline of normal physiological functions in a time-dependent fashion. The ultimate goal of aging research is to develop therapeutic means to extend human lifespan, while reducing susceptibility to many age-related diseases including cancer, as well as metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. However, this first requires elucidation of the causes of aging, which has been greatly facilitated by the use of model organisms. In particular, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been invaluable in the identification of conserved molecular and cellular determinants of aging and for the development of approaches to manipulate these aging determinants to extend lifespan. Strikingly, where examined, virtually all means to experimentally extend lifespan result in the induction of cellular stress responses. This review describes growing evidence in yeast that activation of the integrated stress response contributes significantly to lifespan extension. These findings demonstrate that yeast remains a powerful model system for elucidating conserved mechanisms to achieve lifespan extension that are likely to drive therapeutic approaches to extend human lifespan and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spike D.L. Postnikoff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jay E. Johnson
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring, NY
| | - Jessica K. Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
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41
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Salvadores N, Sanhueza M, Manque P, Court FA. Axonal Degeneration during Aging and Its Functional Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:451. [PMID: 28928628 PMCID: PMC5591337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging constitutes the main risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This represents a major health issue worldwide that is only expected to escalate due to the ever-increasing life expectancy of the population. Interestingly, axonal degeneration, which occurs at early stages of neurodegenerative disorders (ND) such as Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease, also takes place as a consequence of normal aging. Moreover, the alteration of several cellular processes such as proteostasis, response to cellular stress and mitochondrial homeostasis, which have been described to occur in the aging brain, can also contribute to axonal pathology. Compelling evidence indicate that the degeneration of axons precedes clinical symptoms in NDs and occurs before cell body loss, constituting an early event in the pathological process and providing a potential therapeutic target to treat neurodegeneration before neuronal cell death. Although, normal aging and the development of neurodegeneration are two processes that are closely linked, the molecular basis of the switch that triggers the transition from healthy aging to neurodegeneration remains unrevealed. In this review we discuss the potential role of axonal degeneration in this transition and provide a detailed overview of the literature and current advances in the molecular understanding of the cellular changes that occur during aging that promote axonal degeneration and then discuss this in the context of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Salvadores
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and MetabolismSantiago, Chile
| | - Mario Sanhueza
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and MetabolismSantiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Manque
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A Court
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and MetabolismSantiago, Chile
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42
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Martínez G, Duran‐Aniotz C, Cabral‐Miranda F, Vivar JP, Hetz C. Endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis impairment in aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:615-623. [PMID: 28436203 PMCID: PMC5506418 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbed neuronal proteostasis is a salient feature shared by both aging and protein misfolding disorders. The proteostasis network controls the health of the proteome by integrating pathways involved in protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, secretion, and their degradation. A reduction in the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network during aging may increase the risk to undergo neurodegeneration by enhancing the accumulation of misfolded proteins. As almost one-third of the proteome is synthetized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), maintenance of its proper function is fundamental to sustain neuronal function. In fact, ER stress is a common feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. The unfolded protein response (UPR) operates as central player to maintain ER homeostasis or the induction of cell death of chronically damaged cells. Here, we discuss recent evidence placing ER stress as a driver of brain aging, and the emerging impact of neuronal UPR in controlling global proteostasis at the whole organismal level. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic interventions to improve proteostasis and prevent pathological brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martínez
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Center for Integrative BiologyUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Claudia Duran‐Aniotz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Felipe Cabral‐Miranda
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil
| | - Juan P. Vivar
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCA94945USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious diseasesHarvard School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
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43
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Vincenz-Donnelly L, Hipp MS. The endoplasmic reticulum: A hub of protein quality control in health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:383-393. [PMID: 28363604 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One third of the eukaryotic proteome is synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whose unique properties provide a folding environment substantially different from the cytosol. A healthy, balanced proteome in the ER is maintained by a network of factors referred to as the ER quality control (ERQC) machinery. This network consists of various protein folding chaperones and modifying enzymes, and is regulated by stress response pathways that prevent the build-up as well as the secretion of potentially toxic and aggregation-prone misfolded protein species. Here, we describe the components of the ERQC machinery, investigate their response to different forms of stress, and discuss the consequences of ERQC break-down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Vincenz-Donnelly
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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44
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Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Analysis Provide Insights Into the Cold Adaptation Mechanism of the Obligate Psychrophilic Fungus Mrakia psychrophila. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3603-3613. [PMID: 27633791 PMCID: PMC5100859 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.033308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mrakia psychrophila is an obligate psychrophilic fungus. The cold adaptation mechanism of psychrophilic fungi remains unknown. Comparative genomics analysis indicated that M. psychrophila had a specific codon usage preference, especially for codons of Gly and Arg and its major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter gene family was expanded. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in ribosome and energy metabolism were upregulated at 4°, while genes involved in unfolded protein binding, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, proteasome, spliceosome, and mRNA surveillance were upregulated at 20°. In addition, genes related to unfolded protein binding were alternatively spliced. Consistent with other psychrophiles, desaturase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which are involved in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid and glycerol respectively, were upregulated at 4°. Cold adaptation of M. psychrophila is mediated by synthesizing unsaturated fatty acids to maintain membrane fluidity and accumulating glycerol as a cryoprotectant. The proteomic analysis indicated that the correlations between the dynamic patterns between transcript level changes and protein level changes for some pathways were positive at 4°, but negative at 20°. The death of M. psychrophila above 20° might be caused by an unfolded protein response.
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45
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Sariki SK, Sahu PK, Golla U, Singh V, Azad GK, Tomar RS. Sen1, the homolog of human Senataxin, is critical for cell survival through regulation of redox homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and the TOR pathway inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2016; 283:4056-4083. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Sariki
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology; Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhopal India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Sahu
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology; Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhopal India
| | - Upendarrao Golla
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology; Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhopal India
| | - Vikash Singh
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology; Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhopal India
| | - Gajendra Kumar Azad
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology; Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhopal India
| | - Raghuvir S. Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology; Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhopal India
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46
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Yu Q, Zhang B, Li J, Zhang B, Wang H, Li M. Endoplasmic reticulum-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in toxicity of cell wall stress to Candida albicans. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:572-583. [PMID: 27650297 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall is an important cell structure in both fungi and bacteria, and hence becomes a common antimicrobial target. The cell wall-perturbing agents disrupt synthesis and function of cell wall components, leading to cell wall stress and consequent cell death. However, little is known about the detailed mechanisms by which cell wall stress renders fungal cell death. In this study, we found that ROS scavengers drastically attenuated the antifungal effect of cell wall-perturbing agents to the model fungal pathogen Candida albicans, and these agents caused remarkable ROS accumulation and activation of oxidative stress response (OSR) in this fungus. Interestingly, cell wall stress did not cause mitochondrial dysfunction and elevation of mitochondrial superoxide levels. Furthermore, the iron chelator 2,2'-bipyridyl (BIP) and the hydroxyl radical scavengers could not attenuate cell wall stress-caused growth inhibition and ROS accumulation. However, cell wall stress up-regulated expression of unfold protein response (UPR) genes, enhanced protein secretion and promoted protein folding-related oxidation of Ero1, an important source of ROS production. These results indicated that oxidation of Ero1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), rather than mitochondrial electron transport and Fenton reaction, contributed to cell wall stress-related ROS accumulation and consequent growth inhibition. Our findings uncover a novel link between cell wall integrity (CWI), ER function and ROS production in fungal cells, and shed novel light on development of strategies promoting the antifungal efficacy of cell wall-perturbing agents against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jianrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Mingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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47
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Martínez G, Duran-Aniotz C, Cabral-Miranda F, Hetz C. Commentary: XBP-1 Is a Cell-Nonautonomous Regulator of Stress Resistance and Longevity. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:182. [PMID: 27534903 PMCID: PMC4971125 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martínez
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Cabral-Miranda
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovato, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious diseases, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA, USA
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48
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Kaushik S, Cuervo AM. Proteostasis and aging. Nat Med 2016; 21:1406-15. [PMID: 26646497 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of intracellular damage is an almost universal hallmark of aging. An improved understanding of the systems that contribute to cellular protein quality control has shed light on the reasons for the increased vulnerability of the proteome to stress in aging cells. Maintenance of protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is attained through precisely coordinated systems that rapidly correct unwanted proteomic changes. Here we focus on recent developments that highlight the multidimensional nature of the proteostasis networks, which allow for coordinated protein homeostasis intracellularly, in between cells and even across organs, as well as on how they affect common age-associated diseases when they malfunction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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49
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Abstract
The aging process is characterized by tissue decline and the onset of age-associated disease. It is not, however, immutable, and aging can be modulated by various genetic and environmental means. One of the interventions that can modulate lifespan is the activation of cellular stress responses, including the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). The ability to activate the UPRER declines with age, while its constitutive activation can extend longevity. It also plays complex roles in the onset and progression of many age-related diseases. Understanding how the UPRER changes with age, and how this impacts upon disease development, may open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of a range of age-associated diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:ER stress.
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50
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Kenche H, Ye ZW, Vedagiri K, Richards DM, Gao XH, Tew KD, Townsend DM, Blumental-Perry A. Adverse Outcomes Associated with Cigarette Smoke Radicals Related to Damage to Protein-disulfide Isomerase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4763-78. [PMID: 26728460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of factors contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for developing new treatments. An increase in the levels of protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI), a multifaceted endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone, has been demonstrated in human smokers, presumably as a protective adaptation to cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. We found a similar increase in the levels of PDI in the murine model of COPD. We also found abnormally high levels (4-6 times) of oxidized and sulfenilated forms of PDI in the lungs of murine smokers compared with non-smokers. PDI oxidation progressively increases with age. We begin to delineate the possible role of an increased ratio of oxidized PDI in the age-related onset of COPD by investigating the impact of exposure to CS radicals, such as acrolein (AC), hydroxyquinones (HQ), peroxynitrites (PN), and hydrogen peroxide, on their ability to induce unfolded protein response (UPR) and their effects on the structure and function of PDIs. Exposure to AC, HQ, PN, and CS resulted in cysteine and tyrosine nitrosylation leading to an altered three-dimensional structure of the PDI due to a decrease in helical content and formation of a more random coil structure, resulting in protein unfolding, inhibition of PDI reductase and isomerase activity in vitro and in vivo, and subsequent induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Addition of glutathione prevented the induction of UPR, and AC and HQ induced structural changes in PDI. Exposure to PN and glutathione resulted in conjugation of PDI possibly at active site tyrosine residues. The findings presented here propose a new role of PDI in the pathogenesis of COPD and its age-dependent onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Kenche
- From the Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia 31404
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- the College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Kokilavani Vedagiri
- From the Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia 31404
| | - Dylan M Richards
- From the Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia 31404
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- the College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- the College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Anna Blumental-Perry
- From the Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia 31404, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, the Departments of Surgery and
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