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Chandra R, Farah F, Muñoz-Lobato F, Bokka A, Benedetti KL, Brueggemann C, Saifuddin MFA, Miller JM, Li J, Chang E, Varshney A, Jimenez V, Baradwaj A, Nassif C, Alladin S, Andersen K, Garcia AJ, Bi V, Nordquist SK, Dunn RL, Garcia V, Tokalenko K, Soohoo E, Briseno F, Kaur S, Harris M, Guillen H, Byrd D, Fung B, Bykov AE, Odisho E, Tsujimoto B, Tran A, Duong A, Daigle KC, Paisner R, Zuazo CE, Lin C, Asundi A, Churgin MA, Fang-Yen C, Bremer M, Kato S, VanHoven MK, L'Étoile ND. Sleep is required to consolidate odor memory and remodel olfactory synapses. Cell 2023; 186:2911-2928.e20. [PMID: 37269832 PMCID: PMC10354834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Animals with complex nervous systems demand sleep for memory consolidation and synaptic remodeling. Here, we show that, although the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system has a limited number of neurons, sleep is necessary for both processes. In addition, it is unclear if, in any system, sleep collaborates with experience to alter synapses between specific neurons and whether this ultimately affects behavior. C. elegans neurons have defined connections and well-described contributions to behavior. We show that spaced odor-training and post-training sleep induce long-term memory. Memory consolidation, but not acquisition, requires a pair of interneurons, the AIYs, which play a role in odor-seeking behavior. In worms that consolidate memory, both sleep and odor conditioning are required to diminish inhibitory synaptic connections between the AWC chemosensory neurons and the AIYs. Thus, we demonstrate in a living organism that sleep is required for events immediately after training that drive memory consolidation and alter synaptic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Chandra
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Fatima Farah
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Fernando Muñoz-Lobato
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anirudh Bokka
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Kelli L Benedetti
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chantal Brueggemann
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mashel Fatema A Saifuddin
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julia M Miller
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joy Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Eric Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Aruna Varshney
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Vanessa Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Anjana Baradwaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Cibelle Nassif
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Sara Alladin
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Kristine Andersen
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Angel J Garcia
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Veronica Bi
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Sarah K Nordquist
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Raymond L Dunn
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vanessa Garcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Kateryna Tokalenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Emily Soohoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Fabiola Briseno
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Sukhdeep Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Malcolm Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Hazel Guillen
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Decklin Byrd
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Brandon Fung
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Andrew E Bykov
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Emma Odisho
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Bryan Tsujimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Alan Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Alex Duong
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Kevin C Daigle
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rebekka Paisner
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carlos E Zuazo
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christine Lin
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aarati Asundi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew A Churgin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Fang-Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martina Bremer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
| | - Saul Kato
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Miri K VanHoven
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA.
| | - Noëlle D L'Étoile
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Feng S, Varshney A, Coto Villa D, Modavi C, Kohler J, Farah F, Zhou S, Ali N, Müller JD, Van Hoven MK, Huang B. Bright split red fluorescent proteins for the visualization of endogenous proteins and synapses. Commun Biol 2019; 2:344. [PMID: 31552297 PMCID: PMC6749000 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-associating split fluorescent proteins (FPs) are split FPs whose two fragments spontaneously associate to form a functional FP. They have been widely used for labeling proteins, scaffolding protein assembly and detecting cell-cell contacts. Recently developments have expanded the palette of self-associating split FPs beyond the original split GFP1-10/11. However, these new ones have suffered from suboptimal fluorescence signal after complementation. Here, by investigating the complementation process, we have demonstrated two approaches to improve split FPs: assistance through SpyTag/SpyCatcher interaction and directed evolution. The latter has yielded two split sfCherry3 variants with substantially enhanced overall brightness, facilitating the tagging of endogenous proteins by gene editing. Based on sfCherry3, we have further developed a new red-colored trans-synaptic marker called Neuroligin-1 sfCherry3 Linker Across Synaptic Partners (NLG-1 CLASP) for multiplexed visualization of neuronal synapses in living C. elegans, demonstrating its broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Feng
- The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Aruna Varshney
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Doris Coto Villa
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Cyrus Modavi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - John Kohler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Fatima Farah
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Nebat Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Joachim D. Müller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Miri K. Van Hoven
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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Woldemariam S, Nagpal J, Hill T, Li J, Schneider MW, Shankar R, Futey M, Varshney A, Ali N, Mitchell J, Andersen K, Barsi-Rhyne B, Tran A, Costa WS, Krzyzanowski MC, Yu YV, Brueggemann C, Hamilton OS, Ferkey DM, VanHoven M, Sengupta P, Gottschalk A, L'Etoile N. Using a Robust and Sensitive GFP-Based cGMP Sensor for Real-Time Imaging in Intact Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2019; 213:59-77. [PMID: 31331946 PMCID: PMC6727795 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
cGMP plays a role in sensory signaling and plasticity by regulating ion channels, phosphodiesterases, and kinases. Studies that primarily used genetic and biochemical tools suggest that cGMP is spatiotemporally regulated in multiple sensory modalities. FRET- and GFP-based cGMP sensors were developed to visualize cGMP in primary cell culture and Caenorhabditis elegans to corroborate these findings. While a FRET-based sensor has been used in an intact animal to visualize cGMP, the requirement of a multiple emission system limits its ability to be used on its own as well as with other fluorophores. Here, we demonstrate that a C. elegans codon-optimized version of the cpEGFP-based cGMP sensor FlincG3 can be used to visualize rapidly changing cGMP levels in living, behaving C. elegans We coexpressed FlincG3 with the blue-light-activated guanylyl cyclases BeCyclOp and bPGC in body wall muscles, and found that the rate of change in FlincG3 fluorescence correlated with the rate of cGMP production by each cyclase. Furthermore, we show that FlincG3 responds to cultivation temperature, NaCl concentration changes, and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the sensory neurons AFD, ASEL/R, and PHB, respectively. Intriguingly, FlincG3 fluorescence in ASEL and ASER decreased in response to a NaCl concentration upstep and downstep, respectively, which is opposite in sign to the coexpressed calcium sensor jRGECO1a and previously published calcium recordings. These results illustrate that FlincG3 can be used to report rapidly changing cGMP levels in an intact animal, and that the reporter can potentially reveal unexpected spatiotemporal landscapes of cGMP in response to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Woldemariam
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Jatin Nagpal
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology and Neurobiology, The Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tyler Hill
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Joy Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, California 95192
| | - Martin W Schneider
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology and Neurobiology, The Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Raakhee Shankar
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, California 95192
| | - Mary Futey
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Aruna Varshney
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, California 95192
| | - Nebat Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, California 95192
| | - Jordan Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, California 95192
| | - Kristine Andersen
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, California 95192
| | | | - Alan Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, California 95192
| | - Wagner Steuer Costa
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology and Neurobiology, The Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michelle C Krzyzanowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York 14260
| | - Yanxun V Yu
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Chantal Brueggemann
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - O Scott Hamilton
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California 95618
| | - Denise M Ferkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York 14260
| | - Miri VanHoven
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, California 95192
| | - Piali Sengupta
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology and Neurobiology, The Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Noelle L'Etoile
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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