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Condensation of SEUSS promotes hyperosmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1361-1369. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yaakoub H, Sanchez NS, Ongay-Larios L, Courdavault V, Calenda A, Bouchara JP, Coria R, Papon N. The high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway in fungi †. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:657-695. [PMID: 34893006 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.2011834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While fungi are widely occupying nature, many species are responsible for devastating mycosis in humans. Such niche diversity explains how quick fungal adaptation is necessary to endow the capacity of withstanding fluctuating environments and to cope with host-imposed conditions. Among all the molecular mechanisms evolved by fungi, the most studied one is the activation of the phosphorelay signalling pathways, of which the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway constitutes one of the key molecular apparatus underpinning fungal adaptation and virulence. In this review, we summarize the seminal knowledge of the HOG pathway with its more recent developments. We specifically described the HOG-mediated stress adaptation, with a particular focus on osmotic and oxidative stress, and point out some lags in our understanding of its involvement in the virulence of pathogenic species including, the medically important fungi Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, compared to the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, we also highlighted some possible applications of the HOG pathway modifications to improve the fungal-based production of natural products in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Yaakoub
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Norma Silvia Sanchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Ongay-Larios
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Roberto Coria
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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Jiang G, Zhang D, Li Z, Liang H, Deng R, Su X, Jiang Y, Duan X. Alternative splicing of MaMYB16L regulates starch degradation in banana fruit during ripening. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1341-1352. [PMID: 33656245 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The alternative splicing of select genes is an important mechanism to regulate responses to endogenous and environmental signals in plants. However, the role of alternative splicing in regulating fruit ripening remains unclear. Here, we discovered that MaMYB16L, an R1-type MYB transcription factor, undergoes alternative splicing and generates two transcripts, the full-length isoform MaMYB16L and a truncated form MaMYB16S, in banana fruit. During banana fruit ripening, the alternative splicing process intensifies with downregulated MaMYB16L and upregulated MaMYB16S. Moreover, MaMYB16L is a transcriptional repressor that directly binds with the promoters of many genes associated with starch degradation and MaDREB2, a positive ripening regulator, and represses their expression. In contrast, MaMBY16S lacks a DNA-binding domain but competitively combines and forms non-functional heterodimers with functional MaMYB16L. MaMYB16L-MaMYB16S heterodimers decrease the binding capacity and transrepression activity of MaMYB16L. The downregulation of MaMYB16L and the upregulation of MaMYB16S, that is, a decreased ratio of active to non-active isoforms, facilitates the activation of ripening-related genes and thereby promotes fruit ripening. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of MaMYB16S promotes banana fruit ripening, whereas the overexpression of MaMYB16L delays this process. Therefore, the alternative splicing of MaMYB16L might generate a self-controlled regulatory loop to regulate banana fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hanzhi Liang
- South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rufang Deng
- South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xinguo Su
- Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510507, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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Bradley AI, Marsh NM, Borror HR, Mostoller KE, Gama AI, Gardner RG. Acute ethanol stress induces sumoylation of conserved chromatin structural proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1121-1133. [PMID: 33788582 PMCID: PMC8351541 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-11-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is ubiquitous to life and can irreparably damage essential biomolecules and organelles in cells. To survive, organisms must sense and adapt to stressful conditions. One highly conserved adaptive stress response is through the posttranslational modification of proteins by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). Here, we examine the effects of acute ethanol stress on protein sumoylation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that cells exhibit a transient sumoylation response after acute exposure to ≤7.5% vol/vol ethanol. By contrast, the sumoylation response becomes chronic at 10% ethanol exposure. Mass spectrometry analyses identified 18 proteins that are sumoylated after acute ethanol exposure, with 15 known to associate with chromatin. Upon further analysis, we found that the chromatin structural proteins Smc5 and Smc6 undergo ethanol-induced sumoylation that depends on the activity of the E3 SUMO ligase Mms21. Using cell-cycle arrest assays, we observed that Smc5 and Smc6 ethanol-induced sumoylation occurs during G1 and G2/M phases but not S phase. Acute ethanol exposure also resulted in the formation of Rad52 foci at levels comparable to Rad52 foci formation after exposure to the DNA alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). MMS exposure is known to induce the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint via Rad53 phosphorylation, but ethanol exposure did not induce Rad53 phosphorylation. Ethanol abrogated the effect of MMS on Rad53 phosphorylation when added simultaneously. From these studies, we propose that acute ethanol exposure induces a change in chromatin leading to sumoylation of specific chromatin structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda I Bradley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Nicole M Marsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Heather R Borror
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Amber I Gama
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Richard G Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Sapir A. Not So Slim Anymore-Evidence for the Role of SUMO in the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1154. [PMID: 32781719 PMCID: PMC7466032 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the basic building blocks of all life forms are lipids-biomolecules that dissolve in nonpolar organic solvents but not in water. Lipids have numerous structural, metabolic, and regulative functions in health and disease; thus, complex networks of enzymes coordinate the different compositions and functions of lipids with the physiology of the organism. One type of control on the activity of those enzymes is the conjugation of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) that in recent years has been identified as a critical regulator of many biological processes. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge about the role of SUMO in the regulation of lipid metabolism. In particular, I discuss (i) the role of SUMO in lipid metabolism of fungi and invertebrates; (ii) the function of SUMO as a regulator of lipid metabolism in mammals with emphasis on the two most well-characterized cases of SUMO regulation of lipid homeostasis. These include the effect of SUMO on the activity of two groups of master regulators of lipid metabolism-the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SERBP) proteins and the family of nuclear receptors-and (iii) the role of SUMO as a regulator of lipid metabolism in arteriosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver, cholestasis, and other lipid-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sapir
- Department of Biology and the Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel
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Contribution of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1 to the halotolerance of the marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Curr Genet 2020; 66:1135-1153. [PMID: 32719935 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Halotolerant species are adapted to dealing continually with hyperosmotic environments, having evolved strategies that are uncommon in other organisms. The HOG pathway is the master system that regulates the cellular adaptation under these conditions; nevertheless, apart from the importance of Debaryomyces hansenii as an organism representative of the halotolerant class, its HOG1 pathway has been poorly studied, due to the difficulty of applying conventional recombinant DNA technology. Here we describe for the first time the phenotypic characterisation of a null HOG1 mutant of D. hansenii. Dhhog1Δ strain was found moderately resistant to 1 M NaCl and sensitive to higher concentrations. Under hyperosmotic shock, DhHog1 fully upregulated transcription of DhSTL1 and partially upregulated that of DhGPD1. High osmotic stress lead to long-term inner glycerol accumulation that was partially dependent on DhHog1. These observations indicated that the HOG pathway is required for survival under high external osmolarity but dispensable under low and mid-osmotic conditions. It was also found that DhHog1 can regulate response to alkali stress during hyperosmotic conditions and that it plays a role in oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Taken together, these results provide new insight into the contribution of this MAPK in halotolerance of this yeast.
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Jiang G, Zeng J, Li Z, Song Y, Yan H, He J, Jiang Y, Duan X. Redox Regulation of the NOR Transcription Factor Is Involved in the Regulation of Fruit Ripening in Tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:671-685. [PMID: 32234754 PMCID: PMC7271799 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of plant growth and development and responses to stresses. TFs themselves are also prone to multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs). However, redox-mediated PTM of TFs in plants remains poorly understood. Here, we established that NON-RIPENING (NOR), a master TF regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening, is a target of the Met sulfoxide reductases A and B, namely E4 and SlMsrB2, respectively, in tomato. Met oxidation in NOR, i.e. sulfoxidation, or mimicking sulfoxidation by mutating Met-138 to Gln, reduces its DNA-binding capacity and transcriptional regulatory activity in vitro. E4 and SlMsrB2 partially repair oxidized NOR and restore its DNA-binding capacity. Transgenic complementation of the nor mutant with NOR partially rescues the ripening defects. However, transformation of nor with NOR-M138Q, containing mimicked Met sulfoxidation, inhibits restoration of the fruit ripening phenotype, and this is associated with the decreased DNA-binding and transcriptional activation of a number of ripening-related genes. Taken together, these observations reveal a PTM mechanism by which Msr-mediated redox modification of NOR regulates the expression of ripening-related genes, thereby influencing tomato fruit ripening. Our report describes how sulfoxidation of TFs regulates developmental processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunbo Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junxian He
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Joshi R, Sahoo KK, Singh AK, Anwar K, Pundir P, Gautam RK, Krishnamurthy SL, Sopory SK, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. Enhancing trehalose biosynthesis improves yield potential in marker-free transgenic rice under drought, saline, and sodic conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:653-668. [PMID: 31626290 PMCID: PMC6946002 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Edaphic factors such as salinity, sodicity, and drought adversely affect crop productivity, either alone or in combination. Despite soil sodicity being reported as an increasing problem worldwide, limited efforts have been made to address this issue. In the present study, we aimed to generate rice with tolerance to sodicity in conjunction with tolerance to salinity and drought. Using a fusion gene from E. coli coding for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase (TPSP) under the control of an ABA-inducible promoter, we generated marker-free, high-yielding transgenic rice (in the IR64 background) that can tolerate high pH (~9.9), high EC (~10.0 dS m-1), and severe drought (30-35% soil moisture content). The transgenic plants retained higher relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, K+/Na+ ratio, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic efficiency compared to the wild-type under these stresses. Positive correlations between trehalose overproduction and high-yield parameters were observed under drought, saline, and sodic conditions. Metabolic profiling using GC-MS indicated that overproduction of trehalose in leaves differently modulated other metabolic switches, leading to significant changes in the levels of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids in transgenic plants under control and stress conditions. Our findings reveal a novel potential technological solution to tackle multiple stresses under changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Joshi
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Khirod Kumar Sahoo
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Pundir
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Raj Kumar Gautam
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S L Krishnamurthy
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S K Sopory
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence: or
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