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Barrett KA, Kassama FJ, Surks W, Mulholland AJ, Moulton KD, Dube DH. Helicobacter pylori glycan biosynthesis modulates host immune cell recognition and response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1377077. [PMID: 38572314 PMCID: PMC10987845 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1377077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori has evolved glycan-mediated mechanisms to evade host immune defenses. This study tests the hypothesis that genetic disruption of H. pylori glycan biosynthesis alters immune recognition and response by human gastric epithelial cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Methods To test this hypothesis, human cell lines were challenged with wildtype H. pylori alongside an array of H. pylori glycosylation mutants. The relative levels of immune response were measured via immature dendritic cell maturation and cytokine secretion. Results Our findings indicate that disruption of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis diminishes gastric cytokine production, without disrupting dendritic cell recognition and activation. In contrast, variable immune responses were observed in protein glycosylation mutants which prompted us to test the hypothesis that phase variation plays a role in regulating bacterial cell surface glycosylation and subsequent immune recognition. Lewis antigen presentation does not correlate with extent of immune response, while the extent of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen elaboration does. Discussion The outcomes of this study demonstrate that H. pylori glycans modulate the host immune response. This work provides a foundation to pursue immune-based tailoring of bacterial glycans towards modulating immunogenicity of microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Danielle H. Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
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2
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Tang X, Wang P, Shen Y, Song X, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Tang H, Li H. Lipopolysaccharide O-antigen profiles of Helicobacter pylori strains from Southwest China. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:360. [PMID: 37993791 PMCID: PMC10664510 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures vary among strains of different geographic origin. The aim of this study was to characterize the LPS O-antigen profiles of H. pylori strains isolated from Southwest China, and to further analyze the association of Lewis antigen expression with clinical outcomes and antibiotic resistance. RESULTS A total of 71 H. pylori isolates from Southwest China were included for LPS profiling by silver staining and Western blotting after SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. We demonstrated that all the clinical isolates had the conserved lipid A and core-oligosaccharide, whereas the O-antigen domains varied significantly among the isolates. Compared with the common presence of the glucan/heptan moiety in LPS O-antigen structure of European strains, the clinical isolates in this study appeared to lack the glucan/heptan moiety. The expression frequency of Lex, Ley, Lea, and Leb was 66.2% (47/71), 84.5% (60/71), 56.3% (40/71), and 31.0% (22/71), respectively. In total, the expression of type II Lex and/or Ley was observed in 69 (97.2%) isolates, while type I Lea and/or Leb were expressed in 49 (69.0%) isolates. No association of Lewis antigen expression with clinical outcomes or with antibiotic resistance was observed. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori strains from Southwest China tend to produce heptan-deficient LPS and are more likely to express type I Lewis antigens as compared with Western strains. This may suggest that H. pylori evolves to change its LPS structure for adaptation to different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Yenew B, Ghodousi A, Diriba G, Tesfaye E, Cabibbe AM, Amare M, Moga S, Alemu A, Dagne B, Sinshaw W, Mollalign H, Meaza A, Tadesse M, Gamtesa DF, Abebaw Y, Seid G, Zerihun B, Getu M, Chiacchiaretta M, Gaudin C, Marceau M, Didelot X, Tolera G, Abdella S, Kebede A, Getahun M, Mehammed Z, Supply P, Cirillo DM. A smooth tubercle bacillus from Ethiopia phylogenetically close to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7519. [PMID: 37980337 PMCID: PMC10657438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes several human- and animal-adapted pathogens. It is thought to have originated in East Africa from a recombinogenic Mycobacterium canettii-like ancestral pool. Here, we describe the discovery of a clinical tuberculosis strain isolated in Ethiopia that shares archetypal phenotypic and genomic features of M. canettii strains, but represents a phylogenetic branch much closer to the MTBC clade than to the M. canettii strains. Analysis of genomic traces of horizontal gene transfer in this isolate and previously identified M. canettii strains indicates a persistent albeit decreased recombinogenic lifestyle near the emergence of the MTBC. Our findings support that the MTBC emergence from its putative free-living M. canettii-like progenitor is evolutionarily very recent, and suggest the existence of a continuum of further extant derivatives from ancestral stages, close to the root of the MTBC, along the Great Rift Valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bazezew Yenew
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Arash Ghodousi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Getu Diriba
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Tesfaye
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Misikir Amare
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shewki Moga
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ayinalem Alemu
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Dagne
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Abyot Meaza
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Getachew Seid
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Melak Getu
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Cyril Gaudin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Michael Marceau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Didelot
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Saro Abdella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Kebede
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Philip Supply
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Tang X, Yang T, Shen Y, Song X, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Tang H, Li H. Roles of Lipopolysaccharide Glycosyltransferases in Maintenance of Helicobacter pylori Morphology, Cell Wall Permeability, and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11381. [PMID: 37511140 PMCID: PMC10379358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has a unique lipopolysaccharide structure that is essential in maintaining its cell envelope integrity and imbues the bacterium with natural resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Our group has recently elucidated the complete set of LPS glycosyltransferase genes in H. pylori reference strain G27. Here, with a series of eight systematically constructed LPS glycosyltransferase gene mutants (G27ΔHP1578, G27ΔHP1283, G27ΔHP0159, G27ΔHP0479, G27ΔHP0102, G27ΔwecA, G27ΔHP1284 and G27ΔHP1191), we investigated the roles of H. pylori LPS glycosyltransferases in maintaining cell morphology, cell wall permeability, and antimicrobial susceptibilities. We demonstrated that deletion of these LPS glycosyltransferase genes did not interfere with bacterial cell wall permeability, but resulted in significant morphological changes (coccoid, coiled "c"-shape, and irregular shapes) after 48 h growth as compared to the rod-like cell shape of the wild-type strain. Moreover, as compared with the wild-type, none of the LPS mutants had altered susceptibility against clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and metronidazole. However, the deletion of the conserved LPS glycosyltransferases, especially the O-antigen-initiating enzyme WecA, displayed a dramatic increase in susceptibility to the CAMP polymyxin B and rifampicin. Taken together, our findings suggest that the LPS glycosyltransferases play critical roles in the maintenance of the typical spiral morphology of H. pylori, as well as resistance to CAMPs and rifampicin. The LPS glycosyltransferases could be promising targets for developing novel anti-H. pylori drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Sorini C, Tripathi KP, Wu S, Higdon SM, Wang J, Cheng L, Banerjee S, Reinhardt A, Kreslavsky T, Thorell A, Engstrand L, Du J, Villablanca EJ. Metagenomic and single-cell RNA-Seq survey of the Helicobacter pylori-infected stomach in asymptomatic individuals. JCI Insight 2023; 8:161042. [PMID: 36810249 PMCID: PMC9977493 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric niche can persist for years in asymptomatic individuals. To deeply characterize the host-microbiota environment in H. pylori-infected (HPI) stomachs, we collected human gastric tissues and performed metagenomic sequencing, single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), flow cytometry, and fluorescent microscopy. HPI asymptomatic individuals had dramatic changes in the composition of gastric microbiome and immune cells compared with noninfected individuals. Metagenomic analysis uncovered pathway alterations related to metabolism and immune response. scRNA-Seq and flow cytometry data revealed that, in contrast to murine stomachs, ILC2s are virtually absent in the human gastric mucosa, whereas ILC3s are the dominant population. Specifically, proportion of NKp44+ ILC3s out of total ILCs were highly increased in the gastric mucosa of asymptomatic HPI individuals, and correlated with the abundance of selected microbial taxa. In addition, CD11c+ myeloid cells and activated CD4+ T cells and B cells were expanded in HPI individuals. B cells of HPI individuals acquired an activated phenotype and progressed into a highly proliferating germinal-center stage and plasmablast maturation, which correlated with the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures within the gastric lamina propria. Our study provides a comprehensive atlas of the gastric mucosa-associated microbiome and immune cell landscape when comparing asymptomatic HPI and uninfected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sorini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar P Tripathi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shengru Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shawn M Higdon
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liqin Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanghita Banerjee
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Reinhardt
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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7
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Romero Romero ML, Landerer C, Poehls J, Toth‐Petroczy A. Phenotypic mutations contribute to protein diversity and shape protein evolution. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4397. [PMID: 36040266 PMCID: PMC9375231 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Errors in DNA replication generate genetic mutations, while errors in transcription and translation lead to phenotypic mutations. Phenotypic mutations are orders of magnitude more frequent than genetic ones, yet they are less understood. Here, we review the types of phenotypic mutations, their quantifications, and their role in protein evolution and disease. The diversity generated by phenotypic mutation can facilitate adaptive evolution. Indeed, phenotypic mutations, such as ribosomal frameshift and stop codon readthrough, sometimes serve to regulate protein expression and function. Phenotypic mutations have often been linked to fitness decrease and diseases. Thus, understanding the protein heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity caused by phenotypic mutations will advance our understanding of protein evolution and have implications on human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Romero Romero
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Cedric Landerer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Jonas Poehls
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Agnes Toth‐Petroczy
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Dresden Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life TU Dresden Dresden Germany
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8
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Sijmons D, Guy AJ, Walduck AK, Ramsland PA. Helicobacter pylori and the Role of Lipopolysaccharide Variation in Innate Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868225. [PMID: 35634347 PMCID: PMC9136243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen that infects half the human population and can lead to significant clinical outcomes such as acute and chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. To establish infection, H. pylori employs several mechanisms to overcome the innate and adaptive immune systems. H. pylori can modulate interleukin (IL) secretion and innate immune cell function by the action of several virulence factors such as VacA, CagA and the type IV secretion system. Additionally, H. pylori can modulate local dendritic cells (DC) negatively impacting the function of these cells, reducing the secretion of immune signaling molecules, and influencing the differentiation of CD4+ T helper cells causing a bias to Th1 type cells. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of H. pylori displays a high degree of phase variation and contains human blood group carbohydrate determinants such as the Lewis system antigens, which are proposed to be involved in molecular mimicry of the host. Lastly, the H. pylori group of outer membrane proteins such as BabA play an important role in attachment and interaction with host Lewis and other carbohydrate antigens. This review examines the various mechanisms that H. pylori utilises to evade the innate immune system as well as discussing how the structure of the H. pylori LPS plays a role in immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sijmons
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Guy
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ZiP Diagnostics, Collingwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna K. Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A. Ramsland
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul A. Ramsland,
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9
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Helicobacter pylori Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073531. [PMID: 35408892 PMCID: PMC8998707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections are sensed by the host immune system by recognizing signature molecules called Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns—PAMPs. The binding of these biomolecules to innate immune receptors, called Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), alerts the host cell, activating microbicidal and pro-inflammatory responses. The outcome of the inflammatory cascade depends on the subtle balance between the bacterial burn and the host immune response. The role of PRRs is to promote the clearance of the pathogen and to limit the infection by bumping inflammatory response. However, many bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori, evolved to escape PRRs’ recognition through different camouflages in their molecular pattern. This review examines all the different types of H. pylori PAMPs, their roles during the infection, and the mechanisms they evolved to escape the host recognition.
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10
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Schmidinger B, Petri K, Lettl C, Li H, Namineni S, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Jiménez-Soto LF, Haas R. Helicobacter pylori binds human Annexins via Lipopolysaccharide to interfere with Toll-like Receptor 4 signaling. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010326. [PMID: 35176125 PMCID: PMC8890734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes half of the global population and causes gastritis, peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer. In this study, we were interested in human annexin (ANX), which comprises a protein family with diverse and partly unknown physiological functions, but with a potential role in microbial infections and possible involvement in gastric cancer. We demonstrate here for the first time that H. pylori is able to specifically bind ANXs. Binding studies with purified H. pylori LPS and specific H. pylori LPS mutant strains indicated binding of ANXA5 to lipid A, which was dependent on the lipid A phosphorylation status. Remarkably, ANXA5 binding almost completely inhibited LPS-mediated Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4) signaling in a TLR4-specific reporter cell line. Furthermore, the interaction is relevant for gastric colonization, as a mouse-adapted H. pylori increased its ANXA5 binding capacity after gastric passage and its ANXA5 incubation in vitro interfered with TLR4 signaling. Moreover, both ANXA2 and ANXA5 levels were upregulated in H. pylori-infected human gastric tissue, and H. pylori can be found in close association with ANXs in the human stomach. Furthermore, an inhibitory effect of ANXA5 binding for CagA translocation could be confirmed. Taken together, our results highlight an adaptive ability of H. pylori to interact with the host cell factor ANX potentially dampening innate immune recognition. H. pylori is very well adapted to its natural habitat, the human gastric mucosa. For this purpose, the bacterium has evolved a number of highly specific virulence factors, such as the cag-type IV secretion system, vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) or secreted gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. An important function of these bacterial factors is to manipulate the host immune response to enable a chronic H. pylori infection. The present work identifies a new player in this process. Here, we have discovered that H. pylori, as well as several other bacterial species, can bind human annexins (ANX), suggesting a more widespread phenomenon. We show that H. pylori specifically binds ANXA5 via lipid A. The interaction is strictly dependent on calcium and modulated by the phosphorylation status of lipid A. Notably, ANXA5 binding strongly inhibits LPS-mediated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal transduction, suggesting that H. pylori exploits ANXs binding to avoid its recognition by this important receptor of the innate immune system. The study thus provides novel molecular and mechanistic insights into a further strategy of H. pylori to successfully evade recognition by the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schmidinger
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Petri
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Clara Lettl
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sukumar Namineni
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Fernanda Jiménez-Soto
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), LMU Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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The Effects of HP0044 and HP1275 Knockout Mutations on the Structure and Function of Lipopolysaccharide in Helicobacter pylori Strain 26695. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010145. [PMID: 35052824 PMCID: PMC8773439 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with several gastric diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Due to the prevalence and severeness of H. pylori infection, a thorough understanding of this pathogen is necessary. Lipopolysaccharide, one of the major virulence factors of H. pylori, can exert immunomodulating and immunostimulating functions on the host. In this study, the HP0044 and HP1275 genes were under investigation. These two genes potentially encode GDP-D-mannose dehydratase (GMD) and phosphomannomutase (PMM)/phosphoglucomutase (PGM), respectively, and are involved in the biosynthesis of fucose. HP0044 and HP1275 knockout mutants were generated; both mutants displayed a truncated LPS, suggesting that the encoded enzymes are not only involved in fucose production but are also important for LPS construction. In addition, these two gene knockout mutants exhibited retarded growth, increased surface hydrophobicity and autoaggregation as well as being more sensitive to the detergent SDS and the antibiotic novobiocin. Furthermore, the LPS-defective mutants also had significantly reduced bacterial infection, adhesion and internalization in the in vitro cell line model. Moreover, disruptions of the HP0044 and HP1275 genes in H. pylori altered protein sorting into outer membrane vesicles. The critical roles of HP0044 and HP1275 in LPS biosynthesis, bacterial fitness and pathogenesis make them attractive candidates for drug inventions against H. pylori infection.
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12
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Small RNA mediated gradual control of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis affects antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4433. [PMID: 34290242 PMCID: PMC8295292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The small, regulatory RNA RepG (Regulator of polymeric G-repeats) regulates the expression of the chemotaxis receptor TlpB in Helicobacter pylori by targeting a variable G-repeat in the tlpB mRNA leader. Here, we show that RepG additionally controls lipopolysaccharide (LPS) phase variation by also modulating the expression of a gene (hp0102) that is co-transcribed with tlpB. The hp0102 gene encodes a glycosyltransferase required for LPS O-chain biosynthesis and in vivo colonization of the mouse stomach. The G-repeat length defines a gradual (rather than ON/OFF) control of LPS biosynthesis by RepG, and leads to gradual resistance to a membrane-targeting antibiotic. Thus, RepG-mediated modulation of LPS structure might impact host immune recognition and antibiotic sensitivity, thereby helping H. pylori to adapt and persist in the host. The small RNA RepG modulates expression of chemotaxis receptor TlpB in Helicobacter pylori by targeting a length-variable G-repeat in the tlpB mRNA. Here, Pernitzsch et al. show that RepG also gradually controls lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, antibiotic susceptibility, and in-vivo colonization of the stomach, by regulating a gene that is co-transcribed with tlpB.
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13
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Tejada-Arranz A, De Reuse H. Riboregulation in the Major Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712804. [PMID: 34335549 PMCID: PMC8322730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that colonizes the stomach of about half of the human population worldwide. Infection by H. pylori is generally acquired during childhood and this bacterium rapidly establishes a persistent colonization. H. pylori causes chronic gastritis that, in some cases, progresses into peptic ulcer disease or adenocarcinoma that is responsible for about 800,000 deaths in the world every year. H. pylori has evolved efficient adaptive strategies to colonize the stomach, a particularly hostile acidic environment. Few transcriptional regulators are encoded by the small H. pylori genome and post-transcriptional regulation has been proposed as a major level of control of gene expression in this pathogen. The transcriptome and transcription start sites (TSSs) of H. pylori strain 26695 have been defined at the genome level. This revealed the existence of a total of 1,907 TSSs among which more than 900 TSSs for non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including 60 validated small RNAs (sRNAs) and abundant anti-sense RNAs, few of which have been experimentally validated. An RNA degradosome was shown to play a central role in the control of mRNA and antisense RNA decay in H. pylori. Riboregulation, genetic regulation by RNA, has also been revealed and depends both on antisense RNAs and small RNAs. Known examples will be presented in this review. Antisense RNA regulation was reported for some virulence factors and for several type I toxin antitoxin systems, one of which controls the morphological transition of H. pylori spiral shape to round coccoids. Interestingly, the few documented cases of small RNA-based regulation suggest that their mechanisms do not follow the same rules that were well established in the model organism Escherichia coli. First, the genome of H. pylori encodes none of the two well-described RNA chaperones, Hfq and ProQ that are important for riboregulation in several organisms. Second, some of the reported small RNAs target, through "rheostat"-like mechanisms, repeat-rich stretches in the 5'-untranslated region of genes encoding important virulence factors. In conclusion, there are still many unanswered questions about the extent and underlying mechanisms of riboregulation in H. pylori but recent publications highlighted original mechanisms making this important pathogen an interesting study model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Tejada-Arranz
- Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR 2001, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hilde De Reuse
- Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, CNRS UMR 2001, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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14
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Moulton KD, Adewale AP, Carol HA, Mikami SA, Dube DH. Metabolic Glycan Labeling-Based Screen to Identify Bacterial Glycosylation Genes. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3247-3259. [PMID: 33186014 PMCID: PMC7808405 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cell surface glycans are quintessential drug targets due to their critical role in colonization of the host, pathogen survival, and immune evasion. The dense cell envelope glycocalyx contains distinctive monosaccharides that are stitched together into higher order glycans to yield exclusively bacterial structures that are critical for strain fitness and pathogenesis. However, the systematic study and inhibition of bacterial glycosylation enzymes remains challenging. Bacteria produce glycans containing rare sugars refractory to traditional glycan analysis, complicating the study of bacterial glycans and the identification of their biosynthesis machinery. To ease the study of bacterial glycans in the absence of detailed structural information, we used metabolic glycan labeling to detect changes in glycan biosynthesis. Here, we screened wild-type versus mutant strains of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, ultimately permitting the identification of genes involved in glycoprotein and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Our findings provide the first evidence that H. pylori protein glycosylation proceeds via a lipid carrier-mediated pathway that overlaps with lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Protein glycosylation mutants displayed fitness defects consistent with those induced by small molecule glycosylation inhibitors. Broadly, our results suggest a facile approach to screen for bacterial glycosylation genes and gain insight into their biosynthesis and functional importance, even in the absence of glycan structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Moulton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Adedunmola P. Adewale
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Hallie A. Carol
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Sage A. Mikami
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Danielle H. Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
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15
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Abstract
The original strategies developed by Helicobacter pylori to persistently colonise its host and to deregulate its cellular functions make this bacterium an outstanding model to study host-pathogen interaction and the mechanisms responsible for bacterial-induced carcinogenesis. During the last year, significant results were obtained on the role of bacterial factors essential for gastric colonisation such as spiral shape maintenance, orientation through chemotaxis and the formation of bacteria clonal population islands inside the gastric glands. Particularities of the H pylori cell surface, a structure important for immune escape, were demonstrated. New insights in the bacterial stress response revealed the importance of DNA methylation-mediated regulation. Further findings were reported on H pylori components that mediate natural transformation and mechanisms of bacterial DNA horizontal transfer which maintain a high level of H pylori genetic variability. Within-host evolution was found to be niche-specific and probably associated with physiological differences between the antral and oxyntic gastric mucosa. In addition, with the progress of CryoEM, high-resolution structures of the major virulence factors, VacA and CagT4SS, were obtained. The use of gastric organoid models fostered research revealing, preferential accumulation of bacteria at the site of injury during infection. Several studies further characterised the role of CagA in the oncogenic properties of H pylori, identifying the activation of novel CagA-dependent pathways, leading to the promotion of genetic instabilities, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and finally carcinogenesis. Recent studies also highlight that microRNA-mediated regulation and epigenetic modifications, through DNA methylation, are key events in the H pylori-induced tumorigenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Denic
- Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 2001, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Eliette Touati
- Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 2001, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Paris, France
| | - Hilde De Reuse
- Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 2001, Unité Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Paris, France
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16
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A sister lineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex discovered in the African Great Lakes region. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2917. [PMID: 32518235 PMCID: PMC7283319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human- and animal-adapted lineages of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are thought to have expanded from a common progenitor in Africa. However, the molecular events that accompanied this emergence remain largely unknown. Here, we describe two MTBC strains isolated from patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis, representing an as-yet-unknown lineage, named Lineage 8 (L8), seemingly restricted to the African Great Lakes region. Using genome-based phylogenetic reconstruction, we show that L8 is a sister clade to the known MTBC lineages. Comparison with other complete mycobacterial genomes indicate that the divergence of L8 preceded the loss of the cobF genome region - involved in the cobalamin/vitamin B12 synthesis - and gene interruptions in a subsequent common ancestor shared by all other known MTBC lineages. This discovery further supports an East African origin for the MTBC and provides additional molecular clues on the ancestral genome reduction associated with adaptation to a pathogenic lifestyle. The human- and animal-adapted lineages of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are thought to be evolved from a common progenitor in Africa. Here, the authors identify two MTBC strains isolated from patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, representing an as-yet-unknown lineage further supporting an East African origin for the MTBC.
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17
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Yang T, Hu R, Tang X, Shen Y, Tay A, Pi X, Wang G, Debowski AW, Stubbs KA, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Li H, Tang H. Susceptibility-guided bismuth quadruple therapies for resistant Helicobacter pylori infections. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2020; 3:127-135. [PMID: 35692608 PMCID: PMC8985787 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics has ledthat molecular testing is appropriate as a sub to adoption of seven different bismuth quadruple therapies (BQT) in China without differentiation of first-line or second-line regimens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of susceptibility-guided BQT for patients who had experienced previous treatment failures. A total of 133 patients was included and H. pylori was successfully cultured from 101 patients (75.9%) for subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Based on the AST results, 88 patients completed one of five AST-guided 14-day BQT regimens: esomeprazole and bismuth colloidal pectin, along with either, amoxicillin and clarithromycin (EBAC), amoxicillin and levofloxacin (EBAL), amoxicillin and furazolidone (EBAF), amoxicillin and tetracycline (EBAT), or tetracycline and furazolidone (EBTF). H. pylori eradication rates were 100% for EBAC (5/5), EBAL (13/13), EBAF (14/14), and EBTF (43/43), but 76.9% for EBAT (10/13). The three patients that failed the EBAT regimen were all cured after subsequent treatment with the EBTF regimen. Our study demonstrates the excellent efficacy of the AST-guided BQT for referred H. pylori patients, and that the current EBAT regimen, used in clinics, needs to be optimized. In addition, 57 of the isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Analysis of the sequences revealed that point mutations in 23S rRNA correlated well with the phenotypic clarithromycin resistance with a concordance of 91.2%, while the concordance between phenotypic levofloxacin resistance and gyrA point mutations was 82.3%. This suggests that molecular testing is appropriate as a substitute for AST as a more rapid and cost-effective method for determining clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Renwei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Alfred Tay
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Xuenan Pi
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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18
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Williams DA, Pradhan K, Paul A, Olin IR, Tuck OT, Moulton KD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH. Metabolic inhibitors of bacterial glycan biosynthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1761-1774. [PMID: 34123271 PMCID: PMC8148367 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell wall is a quintessential drug target due to its critical role in colonization of the host, pathogen survival, and immune evasion. The dense cell wall glycocalyx contains distinctive monosaccharides that are absent from human cells, and proper assembly of monosaccharides into higher-order glycans is critical for bacterial fitness and pathogenesis. However, the systematic study and inhibition of bacterial glycosylation enzymes remains challenging. Bacteria produce glycans containing rare deoxy amino sugars refractory to traditional glycan analysis, complicating the study of bacterial glycans and the creation of glycosylation inhibitors. To ease the study of bacterial glycan function in the absence of detailed structural or enzyme information, we crafted metabolic inhibitors based on rare bacterial monosaccharide scaffolds. Metabolic inhibitors were assessed for their ability to interfere with glycan biosynthesis and fitness in pathogenic and symbiotic bacterial species. Three metabolic inhibitors led to dramatic structural and functional defects in Helicobacter pylori. Strikingly, these inhibitors acted in a bacteria-selective manner. These metabolic inhibitors will provide a platform for systematic study of bacterial glycosylation enzymes not currently possible with existing tools. Moreover, their selectivity will provide a pathway for the development of novel, narrow-spectrum antibiotics to treat infectious disease. Our inhibition approach is general and will expedite the identification of bacterial glycan biosynthesis inhibitors in a range of systems, expanding the glycochemistry toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Williams
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Kabita Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ankita Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ilana R Olin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Owen T Tuck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Karen D Moulton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Danielle H Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
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