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Emami Meybodi SM, Moradi Moraddahande F, Dehghani Firoozabadi A. Immunogenic cell death mediated TLR3/4-activated MSCs in U87 GBM cell line. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29858. [PMID: 38698968 PMCID: PMC11064142 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain cancer with no promising curative therapies. It has been indicated that MSCs can interact with the tumour microenvironment (TME) through the secretion of soluble mediators regulating intercellular signalling within the TME. TLRs are a multigene family of pattern recognition receptors with evolutionarily conserved regions and are widely expressed in immune and other body cells. MSCs by TLRs can recognize conserved molecular components (DAPMPs and PAPMPs) and activate signalling pathways, which regulate immune and inflammatory responses. MSCs may exert immunomodulatory functions through interaction with their expressed toll-like receptors (TLRs) and exert a protective effect against tumour antigens. As an emerging approach, we aimed to monitor the U87 cell line growth, migration and death markers following specific TLR3/4-primed-MSCs-CMs treatment. Methods and results We investigated the phenotypic and functional outcomes of primed-CMs and glioma cell line co-culture following short-term, low-dose TLR3/4 priming. The gene expression profile of target genes, including apoptotic markers and related genes, was analyzed by qRT-PCR. MicroRNA-Seq examined the miRNA expression patterns, and flow cytometry evaluated the cell viability and cycle stages. The results showed significant changes in apoptosis and likely necroptosis-related markers following TLR3/4-primed-MSCs-CMs exposure in the glioma cell line. Notably, we observed a considerable induction of selective pro-apoptotic markers and both the early and late stages of apoptosis in treated U87 cell lines. Additionally, the migration rate of glioma cells significantly decreased following MSCs-CM treatment. Conclusion Our findings confirmed that the exposure of TLR3/4-activated-MSCs-CMs with glioma tumour cells possibly changes the immunogenicity of the tumour microenvironment and induces immunogenic programmed cell death. Our results can support the idea that TLR3/4-primed-MSCs can lead to innate immune-mediated cell death and modify tumour cell biology in invasive and metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Emami Meybodi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Moradi Moraddahande
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani Firoozabadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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2
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Liu S, Xiang D. New understandings of the genetic regulatory relationship between non-coding RNAs and m 6A modification. Front Genet 2023; 14:1270983. [PMID: 38125749 PMCID: PMC10731383 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1270983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most frequent epigenetic modifications of RNA in eukaryotes is N6 methyladenosine (m6A), which is mostly present in messenger RNAs. Through the influence of several RNA processing stages, m6A modification is a crucial approach for controlling gene expression, especially in cancer progression. It is universally acknowledged that numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, circular RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and piRNAs, are also significantly affected by m6A modification, and the complex genetic regulatory relationship between m6A and ncRNAs plays a pivotal role in the development of cancer. The connection between m6A modifications and ncRNAs offers an opportunity to explore the oncogene potential regulatory mechanisms and suggests that m6A modifications and ncRNAs could be vital biomarkers for multiple cancers. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of interaction between m6A methylation and ncRNAs in cancer, and we also summarize diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for clinical cancer detection. Furthermore, our article includes some methodologies for identifying m6A sites when assessing biomarker potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Xiang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Guetta-Terrier C, Karambizi D, Akosman B, Zepecki JP, Chen JS, Kamle S, Fajardo JE, Fiser A, Singh R, Toms SA, Lee CG, Elias JA, Tapinos N. Chi3l1 Is a Modulator of Glioma Stem Cell States and a Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1984-1999. [PMID: 37101376 PMCID: PMC10267676 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3l1) is a secreted protein that is highly expressed in glioblastoma. Here, we show that Chi3l1 alters the state of glioma stem cells (GSC) to support tumor growth. Exposure of patient-derived GSCs to Chi3l1 reduced the frequency of CD133+SOX2+ cells and increased the CD44+Chi3l1+ cells. Chi3l1 bound to CD44 and induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, Akt, and STAT3. Single-cell RNA sequencing and RNA velocity following incubation of GSCs with Chi3l1 showed significant changes in GSC state dynamics driving GSCs towards a mesenchymal expression profile and reducing transition probabilities towards terminal cellular states. ATAC-seq revealed that Chi3l1 increases accessibility of promoters containing a Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) transcription factor footprint. Inhibition of MAZ downregulated a set of genes with high expression in cellular clusters that exhibit significant cell state transitions after treatment with Chi3l1, and MAZ deficiency rescued the Chi3L-induced increase of GSC self-renewal. Finally, targeting Chi3l1 in vivo with a blocking antibody inhibited tumor growth and increased the probability of survival. Overall, this work suggests that Chi3l1 interacts with CD44 on the surface of GSCs to induce Akt/β-catenin signaling and MAZ transcriptional activity, which in turn upregulates CD44 expression in a pro-mesenchymal feed-forward loop. The role of Chi3l1 in regulating cellular plasticity confers a targetable vulnerability to glioblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE Chi3l1 is a modulator of glioma stem cell states that can be targeted to promote differentiation and suppress growth of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Guetta-Terrier
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Plasticity, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - David Karambizi
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Plasticity, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Bedia Akosman
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Plasticity, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John P. Zepecki
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Plasticity, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Plasticity, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - J. Eduardo Fajardo
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ritambhara Singh
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Steven A. Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jack A. Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Internal Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nikos Tapinos
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Plasticity, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Lv J, Xing L, Zhong X, Li K, Liu M, Du K. Role of N6-methyladenosine modification in central nervous system diseases and related therapeutic agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114583. [PMID: 36989722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a ubiquitous mRNA modification in eukaryotes. m6A occurs through the action of methyltransferases, demethylases, and methylation-binding proteins. m6A methylation of RNA is associated with various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), depression, cerebral apoplexy, brain injury, epilepsy, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, and glioma. Furthermore, recent studies report that m6A-related drugs have attracted considerable concerns in the therapeutic areas of neurological disorders. Here, we mainly summarized the role of m6A modification in neurological diseases and the therapeutic potential of m6A-related drugs. The aim of this review is expected to be useful to systematically assess m6A as a new potential biomarker and develop innovative modulators of m6A for the amelioration and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Precision Laboratory of Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin 124000, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang 110179, China.
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang 110179, China.
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5
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Pathania AS. Crosstalk between Noncoding RNAs and the Epigenetics Machinery in Pediatric Tumors and Their Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2833. [PMID: 37345170 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, every year, an estimated 400,000+ new cancer cases affect children under the age of 20 worldwide. Unlike adult cancers, pediatric cancers develop very early in life due to alterations in signaling pathways that regulate embryonic development, and environmental factors do not contribute much to cancer development. The highly organized complex microenvironment controlled by synchronized gene expression patterns plays an essential role in the embryonic stages of development. Dysregulated development can lead to tumor initiation and growth. The low mutational burden in pediatric tumors suggests the predominant role of epigenetic changes in driving the cancer phenotype. However, one more upstream layer of regulation driven by ncRNAs regulates gene expression and signaling pathways involved in the development. Deregulation of ncRNAs can alter the epigenetic machinery of a cell, affecting the transcription and translation profiles of gene regulatory networks required for cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development. Therefore, it is essential to understand the role of ncRNAs in pediatric tumor development to accelerate translational research to discover new treatments for childhood cancers. This review focuses on the role of ncRNA in regulating the epigenetics of pediatric tumors and their tumor microenvironment, the impact of their deregulation on driving pediatric tumor progress, and their potential as effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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6
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Liu W, Jiang T, Zheng W, Zhang J, Li A, Lu C, Lin Z. FTO-mediated m6A demethylation of pri-miR-3591 alleviates osteoarthritis progression. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:53. [PMID: 37005694 PMCID: PMC10067311 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence have demonstrated the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays critical roles in osteoarthritis (OA) progression, but the role of m6A in OA has not been completely illuminated. Herein, we investigated the function and underlying mechanism of m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) in OA progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The FTO expression was detected in mice OA cartilage tissues and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated chondrocytes. Gain-of-function assays was used to evaluate the role of FTO in OA cartilage injury in vitro and in vivo. The miRNA-sequencing, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase reporter assay, and in vitro pri-miRNA processing assays were conducted to confirm that FTO modulated the pri-miR-3591 process in an m6A-dependent manner and then the binding sites of miR-3591-5p with PRKAA2. RESULTS FTO was outstandingly downregulated in LPS-stimulated chondrocytes and OA cartilage tissues. FTO overexpression enhanced the proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, and decreased degradation of extracellular matrix in LPS-induced chondrocytes, whereas FTO knockdown contributed to the opposite effects. In vivo animal experiments showed that FTO overexpression markedly alleviated OA mice cartilage injury. Mechanically, FTO-mediated m6A demethylation of pri-miR-3591 leaded to a maturation block of miR-3591-5p, which relieved the inhibitory effect of miR-3591-5p on PRKAA2 and then promoted the increase of PRKAA2, thereby alleviating OA cartilage damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results attested that FTO alleviated the OA cartilage damage by mediating FTO/miR-3591-5p/PRKAA2 axis, which provided fresh insights into the therapeutic strategies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Anan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Zhaowei Lin
- Orthopedics Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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7
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Papadimitriou MA, Panoutsopoulou K, Pilala KM, Scorilas A, Avgeris M. Epi-miRNAs: Modern mediators of methylation status in human cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1735. [PMID: 35580998 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of the fundamental macromolecules, DNA/RNA, and proteins, is remarkably abundant, evolutionarily conserved, and functionally significant in cellular homeostasis and normal tissue/organism development. Disrupted methylation imprinting is strongly linked to loss of the physiological equilibrium and numerous human pathologies, and most importantly to carcinogenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer progression. Mounting recent evidence has documented the active implication of miRNAs in the orchestration of the multicomponent cellular methylation machineries and the deregulation of methylation profile in the epigenetic, epitranscriptomic, and epiproteomic levels during cancer onset and progression. The elucidation of such regulatory networks between the miRNome and the cellular methylation machineries has led to the emergence of a novel subclass of miRNAs, namely "epi-miRNAs" or "epi-miRs." Herein, we have summarized the existing knowledge on the functional role of epi-miRs in the methylation dynamic landscape of human cancers and their clinical utility in modern cancer diagnostics and tailored therapeutics. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Alexandra Papadimitriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina-Marina Pilala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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8
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Tűzesi Á, Hallal S, Satgunaseelan L, Buckland ME, Alexander KL. Understanding the Epitranscriptome for Avant-Garde Brain Tumour Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041232. [PMID: 36831575 PMCID: PMC9954771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications are diverse, dynamic, and reversible transcript alterations rapidly gaining attention due to their newly defined RNA regulatory roles in cellular pathways and pathogenic mechanisms. The exciting emerging field of 'epitranscriptomics' is predominantly centred on studying the most abundant mRNA modification, N6-methyladenine (m6A). The m6A mark, similar to many other RNA modifications, is strictly regulated by so-called 'writer', 'reader', and 'eraser' protein species. The abundance of genes coding for the expression of these regulator proteins and m6A levels shows great potential as diagnostic and predictive tools across several cancer fields. This review explores our current understanding of RNA modifications in glioma biology and the potential of epitranscriptomics to develop new diagnostic and predictive classification tools that can stratify these highly complex and heterogeneous brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágota Tűzesi
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Susannah Hallal
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Laveniya Satgunaseelan
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Michael E. Buckland
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Kimberley L. Alexander
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Feng H, Yuan X, Wu S, Yuan Y, Cui L, Lin D, Peng X, Liu X, Wang F. Effects of writers, erasers and readers within miRNA-related m6A modification in cancers. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13340. [PMID: 36162823 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most abundant post-transcriptional mRNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has attracted extensive attention from scientists. Emerging evidence indicates that m6A modification plays a significant role in cancer-related signalling pathways. Existing research demonstrates that m6A modifications were also identified in miRNAs and contribute to cancer-related signalling pathways. METHODS A literature retrieval has been performed to collect m6A-miRNA-related original articles published in recent years. Later, a systematic analysis has been conducted to abstract and classify the relationships between m6A modification and miRNAs, and their contributions to tumorigenesis and cancer development. RESULTS Accumulating literature provides important insights into multiple relationships between m6A modifications and miRNAs. Mechanically, m6A writer and eraser alter pri-miRNAs m6A levels, and m6A readers could dually modulate pri-miRNAs processing and pri-miRNAs degradation. It is also been demonstrated that miRNAs impair m6A regulators' translation to influence m6A medication function in return. Aberrant expressions of m6A regulators and miRNAs could dysregulate proliferative, apoptosis, cell adhesion-related, and malignant transformation signalling pathways, and contribute to tumour occurrence and development. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the interrelationship between m6A modification and miRNAs; highlights the combined effects of each type of m6A regulator and miRNAs in cancers. These findings enhance our understanding of m6A-miRNAs' multiple interactions and significant modulatory role in tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linchong Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Mei Z, Mou Y, Zhang N, Liu X, He Z, Gu S. Emerging Mutual Regulatory Roles between m 6A Modification and microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010773. [PMID: 36614216 PMCID: PMC9821650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-metyladenosine (m6A), one of the most common RNA methylation modifications in mammals, has attracted extensive attentions owing to its regulatory roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. As a reversible epigenetic modification on RNAs, m6A is dynamically mediated by the functional interplay among the regulatory proteins of methyltransferases, demethylases and methyl-binding proteins. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that m6A modification is associated with the production and function of microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we summarize the specific kinds of m6A modification methyltransferases, demethylases and methyl-binding proteins. In particular, we focus on describing the roles of m6A modification and its regulatory proteins in the production and function of miRNAs in a variety of pathological and physiological processes. More importantly, we further discuss the mediating mechanisms of miRNAs in m6A modification and its regulatory proteins during the occurrence and development of various diseases.
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11
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Cowan JM, Juric M, Petrie RJ. Culturing and Imaging Glioma Stem Cells in 3D Collagen Matrices. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e643. [PMID: 36598361 PMCID: PMC9830581 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Methods to maintain human glioma stem cells as neurosphere cultures and image their dynamic behavior in 3D collagen matrices are described. Additional approaches to monitor glioma stem cell differentiation into mesenchymal-type cells, along with example data are included. Together, these approaches enable glioma stem cell differentiation to be controlled while maintaining the cells in culture, as well as allowing cell dynamics to be captured and analyzed. These methods should be helpful for those seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms driving the invasion of glioma cells through three-dimensional environments. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Culturing human glioma stem cells as neurospheres Basic Protocol 2: Inducing GSC adherence and monitoring their differentiation into mesenchymal cells Support Protocol 1: Preparing fibronectin-coated dishes for cell microscopy Basic Protocol 3: Embedding GSCs in a 3D collagen matrix to study their invasive behavior Support Protocol 2: Phase-contrast imaging with a tiled matrix to study cell migration in a 3D gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Cowan
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Matey Juric
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ryan J. Petrie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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12
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Verghese M, Wilkinson E, He YY. Recent Advances in RNA m 6A Modification in Solid Tumors and Tumor Immunity. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:95-142. [PMID: 38113000 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An analogous field to epigenetics is referred to as epitranscriptomics, which focuses on the study of post-transcriptional chemical modifications in RNA. RNA molecules, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and other non-coding RNA molecules, can be edited with numerous modifications. The most prevalent modification in eukaryotic mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is a reversible modification found in over 7000 human genes. Recent technological advances have accelerated the characterization of these modifications, and they have been shown to play important roles in many biological processes, including pathogenic processes such as cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the role of m6A mRNA modification in cancer with a focus on solid tumor biology and immunity. m6A RNA methylation and its regulatory proteins can play context-dependent roles in solid tumor development and progression by modulating RNA metabolism to drive oncogenic or tumor-suppressive cellular pathways. m6A RNA methylation also plays dynamic roles within both immune cells and tumor cells to mediate the anti-tumor immune response. Finally, an emerging area of research within epitranscriptomics studies the role of m6A RNA methylation in promoting sensitivity or resistance to cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Overall, our understanding of m6A RNA methylation in solid tumors has advanced significantly, and continued research is needed both to fill gaps in knowledge and to identify potential areas of focus for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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13
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You S, Su X, Ying J, Li S, Qu Y, Mu D. Research Progress on the Role of RNA m6A Modification in Glial Cells in the Regulation of Neurological Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081158. [PMID: 36009052 PMCID: PMC9405963 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are the most abundant and widely distributed cells that maintain cerebral homeostasis in the central nervous system. They mainly include microglia, astrocytes, and the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Moreover, glial cells may induce pathological changes, such as inflammatory responses, demyelination, and disruption of the blood–brain barrier, to regulate the occurrence and development of neurological diseases through various molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, RNA m6A modifications are involved in various pathological processes associated with glial cells. In this review, the roles of glial cells in physiological and pathological states, as well as advances in understanding the mechanisms by which glial cells regulate neurological diseases under RNA m6A modification, are summarized, hoping to provide new perspectives on the deeper mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi You
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Subventricular zone adult mouse neural stem cells require insulin receptor for self-renewal. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1411-1427. [PMID: 35523180 PMCID: PMC9213826 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (INSR) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling protein that regulates development and cellular metabolism. INSR signaling promotes neurogenesis in Drosophila; however, a specific role for the INSR in maintaining adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in mammals has not been investigated. We show that conditionally deleting the Insr gene in adult mouse NSCs reduces subventricular zone NSCs by ∼70% accompanied by a corresponding increase in progenitors. Insr deletion also produced hyposmia caused by aberrant olfactory bulb neurogenesis. Interestingly, hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampal-dependent behaviors were unperturbed. Highly aggressive proneural and mesenchymal glioblastomas had high INSR/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway gene expression, and isolated glioma stem cells had an aberrantly high ratio of INSR:IGF type 1 receptor. Moreover, INSR knockdown inhibited GBM tumorsphere growth. Altogether, these data demonstrate that the INSR is essential for a subset of normal NSCs, as well as for brain tumor stem cell self-renewal. Insulin receptor (INSR) is essential for adult SVZ neural stem cell self-renewal INSR deletion causes hyposmia with increased olfactory bulb neurogenesis Hippocampal stem cells (and associated behaviors) do not require INSR Glioblastomas overexpress INSR pathway components required for tumorsphere growth
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15
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Wang L, Cao H, Zhong Y, Ji P, Chen F. The Role of m6A Regulator-Mediated Methylation Modification and Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:842835. [PMID: 35265626 PMCID: PMC8898963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is an emerging epigenetic modification in recent years and epigenetic regulation of the immune response has been demonstrated, but the potential role of m6A modification in GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration and stemness remain unknown. The m6A modification patterns of 310 GBM samples were comprehensively evaluated based on 21 m6A regulators, and we systematically correlated these modification patterns with TME cell infiltration characteristics and stemness characteristics. Construction of m6Ascore to quantify the m6A modification patterns of individual GBM samples using a principal component analysis algorithm. We identified two distinct patterns of m6A modification. The infiltration characteristics of TME cells in these two patterns were highly consistent with the immunophenotype of the GBM, including the immune activation differentiation pattern and the immune desert dedifferentiation pattern. We also identified two modes of regulation of immunity and stemness by m6A methylation. Stromal activation and lack of effective immune infiltration were observed in the high m6Ascore subtype. Pan-cancer analysis results illustrate a significant correlation between m6AScore and tumor clinical outcome, immune infiltration, and stemness. Our work reveals that m6A modifications play an important role in the development of TME and stemness diversity and complexity. Patients with a low m6AScore showed significant therapeutic advantages and clinical benefits. Assessing the m6A modification pattern of individual tumors will help enhance our knowledge of TME infiltration and stemness characteristics, contribute to the development of immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peigang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Chen Y, Miao L, Lin H, Zhuo Z, He J. The role of m6A modification in pediatric cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188691. [PMID: 35122883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the development of RNA modification research, the importance of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in tumors cannot be ignored. m6A promotes the self-renewal of tumor stem cells and the proliferation of tumor cells. It affects post-transcriptional gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, combining various factors to determine proteins' fate and altering the biological function. This modification process runs through the entire tumors, and genes affected by m6A modification may be the critical targets for cancers breakthroughs. Though generally less dangerous than adult cancer, pediatric cancer accounts for a significant proportion of child deaths. What is more alarming is that the occurrences of adult tumors are highly associated with the poor prognoses of pediatric tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the importance of pediatric cancer and discover new therapeutic targets, which will help improve the therapeutic effect and prognoses of the diseases. We collected and investigated m6A modification in pediatric cancers based on mRNA and non-coding RNA, finding that m6A factors were involved in glioma, hepatoblastoma, nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Consequently, we summarized the relationships between the m6A factors and these pediatric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiran Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China; Laboratory Animal Center, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Kanoria S, Rennie WA, Carmack CS, Lu J, Ding Y. N 6-methyladenosine enhances post-transcriptional gene regulation by microRNAs. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2022; 2:vbab046. [PMID: 35098135 PMCID: PMC8792947 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Correlation between m6A and miRNA-targeting sites has been reported to suggest possible involvement of m6A in miRNA-mediated gene regulation. However, it is unknown what the regulatory effects might be. In this study, we performed comprehensive analyses of high-throughput data on m6A and miRNA target binding and regulation. RESULTS We found that the level of miRNA-mediated target suppression is significantly enhanced when m6A is present on target mRNAs. The evolutionary conservation for miRNA-binding sites with m6A modification is significantly higher than that for miRNA-binding sites without modification. These findings suggest functional significance of m6A modification in post-transcriptional gene regulation by miRNAs. We also found that methylated targets have more stable structure than non-methylated targets, as indicated by significantly higher GC content. Furthermore, miRNA-binding sites that can be potentially methylated are significantly less accessible without methylation than those that do not possess potential methylation sites. Since either RNA-binding proteins or m6A modification by itself can destabilize RNA structure, we propose a model in which m6A alters local target secondary structure to increase accessibility for efficient binding by Argonaute proteins, leading to enhanced miRNA-mediated regulation. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaveta Kanoria
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - William A Rennie
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Charles Steven Carmack
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
| | - Ye Ding
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
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18
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Christoph S, Alexander Q, Fritz T, Walter SS, Steffi U, Ralf K, Joachim O. MiRNA-181d expression correlates in tumor versus plasma of glioblastoma patients - the base of a preoperative stratification tool for local carmustine wafer use. World Neurosurg 2021; 159:e324-e333. [PMID: 34942386 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with low micro-RNA-181d level in glioblastoma tissue benefit most of carmustine wafer use. The study compares preoperative miRNA-181d plasma and tumor expression. This may form the base to decide, from a preoperative blood test, if carmustine wafer implantation is recommendable. METHODS A total of 60 patients suffering from glioblastoma treated between 2018 and 2020 were enrolled prospectively. Preoperatively, blood was drawn; and the plasma was isolated. Tumor specimens were collected. Blood samples from 30 healthy individuals served as a reference. Micro-RNA-181d expression in plasma and tumor were acquired as fold change, using qRT-PCR. Results were correlated with relevant demographic, clinical and histopathologic aspects of the cohort. Further factors like tumour volume as well as blood panel results were considered. A TCGA analysis was performed to investigate specific miRNA-181d - protein interactions to elude how miRNA-181 impact therapy response to carmustine. RESULTS Patients with glioblastoma showed a significant overexpression of miRNA-181d compared to healthy individuals (p = 0.029). There was a significant correlation between miRNA-181d expression in tumor tissue and plasma (p = 0.001, R = 0.51). Sensitivity of low miRNA-181d expression in plasma predicting low miRNA-181d tumor expression was 76.6%. Tumor volume, preoperative medication as well as items of blood panel analysis did not influence the prognostic value of plasma miRNA-181d expression. TCGA analysis revealed eight potential protein targets to be regulated by miRNA-181d. CONCLUSION miRNA-181d seems to be a potential molecular marker which can reliably be detected in blood samples of glioblastoma patients. It should therefore prospectively be evaluated as a potential preoperative prognostic marker regarding carmustine wafer implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sippl Christoph
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Quiring Alexander
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Teping Fritz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Schulz-Schaeffer Walter
- Institute of Neuropathology, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Urbschat Steffi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ketter Ralf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Oertel Joachim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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19
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Audesse AJ, Karashchuk G, Gardell ZA, Lakis NS, Maybury-Lewis SY, Brown AK, Leeman DS, Teo YV, Neretti N, Anthony DC, Brodsky AS, Webb AE. FOXO3 regulates a common genomic program in aging and glioblastoma stem cells. AGING AND CANCER 2021; 2:137-159. [PMID: 36303712 PMCID: PMC9601604 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive, age-associated malignant glioma that contains populations of cancer stem cells. These glioma stem cells (GSCs) evade therapeutic interventions and repopulate tumors due to their existence in a slowly cycling quiescent state. Although aging is well known to increase cancer initiation, the extent to which the mechanisms supporting GSC tumorigenicity are related to physiological aging remains unknown. Aims Here, we investigate the transcriptional mechanisms by which Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3), a transcriptional regulator that promotes healthy aging, affects GSC function and the extent to which FOXO3 transcriptional networks are dysregulated in aging and GBM. Methods and results We performed transcriptome analysis of clinical GBM tumors and observed that high FOXO3 activity is associated with gene expression signatures of stem cell quiescence, reduced oxidative metabolism, and improved patient outcomes. Consistent with these findings, we show that elevated FOXO3 activity significantly reduces the proliferation of GBM-derived GSCs. Using RNA-seq, we find that functional ablation of FOXO3 in GSCs rewires the transcriptional circuitry associated with metabolism, epigenetic stability, quiescence, and differentiation. Since FOXO3 has been implicated in healthy aging, we then investigated the extent to which it regulates common transcriptional programs in aging neural stem cells (NSCs) and GSCs. We uncover a shared transcriptional program and, most strikingly, find that FOXO3-regulated pathways are associated with altered mitochondrial functions in both aging and GBM. Conclusions This work identifies a FOXO-associated transcriptional program that correlates between GSCs and aging NSCs and is enriched for metabolic and stemness pathways connected with GBM and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Audesse
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Galina Karashchuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Zachary A. Gardell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nelli S. Lakis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Sun Y. Maybury-Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Abigail K. Brown
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Dena S. Leeman
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yee Voan Teo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicola Neretti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Douglas C. Anthony
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alexander S. Brodsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ashley E. Webb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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