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Adalid-Peralta L, Lopez-Roblero A, Camacho-Vázquez C, Nájera-Ocampo M, Guevara-Salinas A, Ruiz-Monroy N, Melo-Salas M, Morales-Ruiz V, López-Recinos D, Ortiz-Hernández E, Demengeot J, Vazquez-Perez JA, Arce-Sillas A, Gomez-Fuentes S, Parkhouse RME, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Sevilla-Reyes EE. Regulatory T Cells as an Escape Mechanism to the Immune Response in Taenia crassiceps Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:630583. [PMID: 33928043 PMCID: PMC8076859 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.630583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine cysticercosis by Taenia crassiceps is a model for human neurocysticercosis. Genetic and/or immune differences may underlie the higher susceptibility to infection in BALB/cAnN with respect to C57BL/6 mice. T regulatory cells (Tregs) could mediate the escape of T. crassiceps from the host immunity. This study is aimed to investigate the role of Tregs in T. crassiceps establishment in susceptible and non-susceptible mouse strains. Treg and effector cells were quantified in lymphoid organs before infection and 5, 30, 90, and 130 days post-infection. The proliferative response post-infection was characterized in vitro. The expression of regulatory and inflammatory molecules was assessed on days 5 and 30 post-infection. Depletion assays were performed to assess Treg functionality. Significantly higher Treg percentages were observed in BALB/cAnN mice, while increased percentages of activated CD127+ cells were found in C57BL/6 mice. The proliferative response was suppressed in susceptible mice, and Treg proliferation occurred only in susceptible mice. Treg-mediated suppression mechanisms may include IL-10 and TGFβ secretion, granzyme- and perforin-mediated cytolysis, metabolic disruption, and cell-to-cell contact. Tregs are functional in BALB/cAnN mice. Therefore Tregs could be allowing parasite establishment and survival in susceptible mice but could play a homeostatic role in non-susceptible strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Adalid-Peralta
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Cynthia Camacho-Vázquez
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marisol Nájera-Ocampo
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrián Guevara-Salinas
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nataly Ruiz-Monroy
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marlene Melo-Salas
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Valeria Morales-Ruiz
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dina López-Recinos
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ortiz-Hernández
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Joel A Vazquez-Perez
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Asiel Arce-Sillas
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gomez-Fuentes
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Gladis Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar E Sevilla-Reyes
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, Mexico
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Association of TRAF1/C5 Locus Polymorphisms with Epilepsy and Clinical Traits in Mexican Patients with Neurocysticercosis. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00347-19. [PMID: 31570557 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00347-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is caused by the establishment of Taenia solium cysts in the central nervous system. Murine cysticercosis by Taenia crassiceps is a useful model of cysticercosis in which the complement component 5 (C5) has been linked to infection resistance/permissiveness. This work aimed to study the possible relevance for human neurocysticercosis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the C5-TRAF1 region (rs17611 C/T, rs992670 G/A, rs25681 G/A, rs10818488 A/G, and rs3761847 G/A) in a Mexican population and associated with clinical and radiological traits related to neurocysticercosis severity (cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid [CSF cellularity], parasite location and parasite load in the brain, parasite degenerating stage, and epilepsy). The AG genotype of the rs3761847 SNP showed a tendency to associate with multiple brain parasites, while the CT and GG genotypes of the rs17611 and rs3761847 SNPs, respectively, showed a tendency to associate with low CSF cellularity. The rs3761847 SNP was associated with epilepsy under a dominant model, whereas rs10818488 was associated with CSF cellularity and parasite load under dominant and recessive models, respectively. For haplotypes, C5- and the TRAF1-associated SNPs were, respectively, in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other; thus, these haplotypes were studied independently. For C5 SNPs, carrying the CAA haplotype increases the risk of showing high CSF cellularity 3-fold and the risk of having extraparenchymal parasites 4-fold, two conditions that are related to severe disease. For TRAF1 SNPs, the GA and AG haplotypes were associated with CSF cellularity, and the AG haplotype was associated with epilepsy. Overall, these findings support the clear participation of C5 and TRAF1 in the risk of developing severe neurocysticercosis in the Mexican population.
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Zheng Y. Proteomic analysis of Taenia hydatigena cyst fluid reveals unique internal microenvironment. Acta Trop 2017; 176:224-227. [PMID: 28837787 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Taenia hydatigena is a parasitic flatworm that is widely distributed around the world. Using MS/MS, the proteome of T. hydatigena cyst fluid (CF) was profiled and a total of 520 proteins were identified, 430 of which were of sheep origin. T. hydatigena shared 37 parasite-origin and 109 host-origin CF proteins with Echinococcus granulosus. Compared with E. granulosus, T. hydatigena had much more CF proteins associated with amino acid synthesis and complement cascades. In addition, glutamate metabolism and anti-oxidative reactions were identified as relatively more important events. These results suggest that T. hydatigena metacestodes have internal microenvironment with special immune and oxidative conditions.
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Abstract
The infection of the nervous system by the cystic larvae of Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis) is a frequent cause of seizure disorders. Neurocysticercosis is endemic or presumed to be endemic in many low-income countries. The lifecycle of the worm and the clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis are well established, and CT and MRI have substantially improved knowledge of the disease course. Improvements in immunodiagnosis have further advanced comprehension of the pathophysiology of this disease. This knowledge has led to individualised treatment approaches that account for the involvement of parenchymal or extraparenchymal spaces, the number and form of parasites, and the extent of degeneration and associated inflammation. Clinical investigations are focused on development of effective treatments and reduction of side-effects induced by treatment, such as seizures, hydrocephalus, infarcts, and neuroinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector H Garcia
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru; Centre for Global Health-Tumbes and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Theodore E Nash
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oscar H Del Brutto
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador; Department of Neurological Sciences, Hospital-Clínica Kennedy, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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