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Bia T, Sanchez C, Zait H, Kouidri M, Mabrouk SK, Nieto J, Ammar SSM, Moreno J, Ahlem BN. Diagnosis and prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in the Atlas shepherd dog. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 36:100787. [PMID: 36436887 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in the Atlas shepherd dogs from the Tiaret region of Algeria. A total of 161 dogs were included in this study and four diagnostic techniques were used, namely lymph node cytology, PCR, IFAT and ELISA. 110 out of 161 dogs were positive by at least one diagnostic technique, a percentage of 68.32% of the total number, which represent very high prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in this canine breed. 152 dogs underwent the two serological tests namely IFAT and ELISA among which 137 dogs underwent in addition the molecular examination by PCR. IFAT was positive in 9.86% of the dogs, ELISA was positive in 12.5% while 68% of the dogs proved positive by PCR. 47 dogs with lymph node enlargement underwent lymph node cytology, of which 26 dogs showed forms of amastigotes in their smears after microscopic examination, confirming the usefulness of this approach for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis. The clinical signs of the disease in this breed are similar to those of other canine breeds The dominant clinical signs in these dogs were onychogryphosis, poor general condition and lymph node hypertrophy. The autopsy was carried out on 7 dogs that died of canine leishmaniasis, all of which showed splenomegaly, while 5 dogs also showed hepatomegaly. Renal damage was found in 1 dog with frank jaundice. The splenic cytology was positive in all 7 dogs with the presence of amastigote forms in the smears after microscopic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Bia
- Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000 Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Carmen Sanchez
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaiasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Houria Zait
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Mustapha Tertiary Care Hospital, Place du 1er Mai, POB 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mokhtaria Kouidri
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Products, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000 Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Slimani Khaled Mabrouk
- Service of Pathology of Domestic Carnivores, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000 Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Javier Nieto
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaiasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Selles Sidi Mohammed Ammar
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Tiaret, 14000 Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Javier Moreno
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaiasis, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Barbosa de Castro R, Badaró de Moraes JV, Costa Bressan G, de Souza Vasconcellos R, Silva-Júnior A, Lopes Rangel Fietto J. Antigens and their diagnostic performance for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: A critical review. Vet Parasitol 2021; 301:109638. [PMID: 34920304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is the most aggressive and lethal form of leishmaniasis manifesting in dogs and represents a major public health concern. Although there are sufficiently sensitive molecular tools for CVL diagnosis, they are not accessible at the main points of disease dissemination, in which context serodiagnosis has been used as an alternative tool on the epidemiological control. As an attempt to develop more accurate immunodiagnostic assays, many antigens have been tested over the years, on different platforms. This review aimed to access studies reporting new antigens that can be applied for CVL serodiagnosis. Articles published from January of 2016 to March of 2021 were retrieved from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, using "Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis" and "Serodiagnosis" as keywords. In total, 1527 articles were identified, of which 42 were selected based on exclusion factors. Sensitivity, specificity, sample size, and sample quality data were extracted by manual curation and analyzed. Of the selected articles, 26 contemplated ELISA, which enabled a more thorough comparison and a critical review of these studies. Soluble Leishmania Antigens (SLA) and the A2 protein were used as controls in 53.8 and 46.15 % of these articles, respectively, and were evaluated separately; their frequent use was questioned. Subsequently, articles that evaluated other assay platforms, such as immunochromatography, immunosensors, and others, were also reported and evaluated. Finally, data relative to validation studies of commercial kits were briefly discussed. Our results show that there are several antigens with great potential for the development of accurate diagnostic tools, but further testing is required. The critical analysis also brings insights that can be useful for more assertive diagnostic development of more robust tools for CVL serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Barbosa de Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - João Victor Badaró de Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Souza Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Departamento de Veterinária, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Sampaio JR, Soares RP, Barral TD, Passos GP, Fonseca MS, Meyer R, Barrouin-Melo SM, Portela RW. Leishmania infantum-Derived Glycoinositolphospholipids in the Immunodiagnosis of Subclinically Infected Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:581148. [PMID: 33778030 PMCID: PMC7994360 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.581148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), when used as an ELISA target, confers high specificity and sensitivity to the detection of Leishmania infantum antibodies in dogs. Glycoconjugates are economically viable because the yield is very high after extraction/purification. In addition, they are very stable, which allows their use in point-of-care testing without special storage conditions. During the glycoconjugate extraction, a glycoinositolphospholipid (GIPL)-enriched fraction is obtained in similar quantities as LPG. Since GIPLs can be extracted from the same parasite pellet as LPGs, this work aimed to evaluate the immune recognition of GIPLs by Leishmania infantum-infected dogs and its use for canine leishmaniasis (CanL) immunodiagnosis. Like LPG, GIPLs were recognized by sera from L. infantum-infected dogs, but with less sensitivity (83.8%). However, 80% (16/20) of subclinically infected dogs were detected as positive in the assay. Different from LPG, the GIPL-based assay achieved a lower specificity (73.7%) and cross-reactions occurred with T. cruzi and L. braziliensis-infected dogs. Although GIPLs exhibited a similar performance to LPG for subclinically L. infantum-infected dogs, the occurrence of cross-reactivities with other protozoa and a lower sensitivity hinders its use for an immunodiagnostic test. In places where those diseases do not co-exist such as in the Mediterranean region, its use for subclinically dogs could be an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ramos Sampaio
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Porfirio Passos
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maisa Santos Fonseca
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Spada JCP, Silva DTD, Alves ML, Cárdenas NC, Inlamea OF, Faria GA, Ferreira AG, Silva HR, Oliveira TMFDS, Buzetti WAS. Risk factors associated with Leishmania exposure among dogs in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200059. [PMID: 32935780 PMCID: PMC7491566 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0059-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We sought to determine risk factors (RFs) associated with the presence of
antibodies against Leishmania in dogs from a rural area of
Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 250 dogs and tested using indirect
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence
antibody tests (IFATs). Data concerning dogs, their environment, and their
owners’ knowledge of leishmaniasis were collected using a questionnaire. To
determine RFs for contact with the parasite, univariate statistical analysis
based on chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests, followed by logistic
regression, was used. RESULTS: It was found that 79/250 (31.6%) of the dogs were positive by IFAT, and
72/250 (28.8%) by ELISA. A total of 82/250 dogs (32.8%) were positive in at
least one test. The RFs associated with occurrences of
Leishmania exposure were large body size (OR = 2.25;
95% CI = 1.26-4.04; p = 0.003), presence of chickens (OR = 1.94; 95% CI =
1.05-3.65; p = 0.023), and lack of knowledge about
Leishmania among dog owners (OR = 1.74; 95% CI =
0.96-3.21; p = 0.049). After multivariate analysis, the RFs for occurrence
of Leishmania exposure in dogs that remained significantly
associated were the dog’s size (large dogs) (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.06-1.35; p
= 0.003) and presence of chickens on the properties (small farms) (OR =
1.15; 95% CI = 1.02-1.30; p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: These results may be useful for improving preventive practices to reduce the
incidence of Leishmania exposure among dogs in rural
areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Pereira Spada
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Diogo Tiago da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Luana Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Nicolás Céspedes Cárdenas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Osvaldo Frederico Inlamea
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Glaucia Amorim Faria
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Departamento de Matemática, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| | - Helio Ricardo Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| | - Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilma Aparecida Starke Buzetti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
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