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Role of a 49 kDa Trypanosoma cruzi Mucin-Associated Surface Protein (MASP49) during the Infection Process and Identification of a Mammalian Cell Surface Receptor. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010105. [PMID: 36678452 PMCID: PMC9865002 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, a parasitic disease of great medical importance on the American continent. Trypomastigote infection's initial step in a mammalian host is vital for the parasite's life cycle. A trypomastigote's surface presents many molecules, some of which have been proposed to be involved in the infection process, including a glycoprotein family called mucin-associated surface proteins (MASPs). This work describes a 49-kDa molecule (MASP49) that belongs to this family and is expressed mainly on the surfaces of amastigotes and trypomastigotes but can be found in extracts and the membrane-enriched fractions of epimastigotes. This protein is partially GPI-anchored to the surface and has a role during the internalization process, since its blockade with specific antibodies decreases parasite entry into Vero cells by 62%. This work shows that MASP49 binds to peritoneal macrophages and rat cardiomyocytes, undergoes glycosylation via galactose N-acetylgalactosamine, and can attach to the macrophage murine C-type lectin receptor (mMGL). These results suggest that MASP49 can be considered a virulence factor in T. cruzi, and a better understanding of its role in the infection process is necessary.
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Yin L, Zahradnikova A, Rizzetto R, Boncompagni S, Rabesahala de Meritens C, Zhang Y, Joanne P, Marqués-Sulé E, Aguilar-Sánchez Y, Fernández-Tenorio M, Villejoubert O, Li L, Wang YY, Mateo P, Nicolas V, Gerbaud P, Lai FA, Perrier R, Álvarez JL, Niggli E, Valdivia HH, Valdivia CR, Ramos-Franco J, Zorio E, Zissimopoulos S, Protasi F, Benitah JP, Gómez AM. Impaired Binding to Junctophilin-2 and Nanostructural Alteration in CPVT Mutation. Circ Res 2021; 129:e35-e52. [PMID: 34111951 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Yin
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | - Alexandra Zahradnikova
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | - Riccardo Rizzetto
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNICS), Medicine and Ageing Sciences (DMSI), University Gabriele d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., F.P.)
| | | | - Yadan Zhang
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK (C.R.d.M., Y.Z., S.Z.)
| | - Pierre Joanne
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | - Elena Marqués-Sulé
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.).,Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (E.M.-S.)
| | - Yuriana Aguilar-Sánchez
- Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA (Y.A.-S., J.R.-F.)
| | | | - Olivier Villejoubert
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | - Linwei Li
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | - Yue Yi Wang
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | - Philippe Mateo
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | | | - Pascale Gerbaud
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | - F Anthony Lai
- College of Medicine, Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, & Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (F.A.L.)
| | | | - Julio L Álvarez
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.).,Institute of Cardiology, Havana, Cuba (J.L.A.)
| | - Ernst Niggli
- Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.F.-T., E.N.)
| | - Héctor H Valdivia
- Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.H.V., C.R.V.)
| | - Carmen R Valdivia
- Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (H.H.V., C.R.V.)
| | - Josefina Ramos-Franco
- Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA (Y.A.-S., J.R.-F.)
| | - Esther Zorio
- Cardiology Department and Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Muerte Súbita y Mecanismos de Enfermedad (CaFaMuSMe), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.Z.).,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (E.Z.)
| | - Spyros Zissimopoulos
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK (C.R.d.M., Y.Z., S.Z.)
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNICS), Medicine and Ageing Sciences (DMSI), University Gabriele d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., F.P.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
| | - Ana M Gómez
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France (L.Y., A.Z., R.R., P.J., E.M.-S., O.V., L.L., Y.Y.W., P.M., P.G., R.P., J.L.A., J.-P.B., A.M.G.)
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Wang YY, Mesirca P, Marqués-Sulé E, Zahradnikova A, Villejoubert O, D'Ocon P, Ruiz C, Domingo D, Zorio E, Mangoni ME, Benitah JP, Gómez AM. RyR2R420Q catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia mutation induces bradycardia by disturbing the coupled clock pacemaker mechanism. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91872. [PMID: 28422759 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a lethal genetic arrhythmia that manifests syncope or sudden death in children and young adults under stress conditions. CPVT patients often present bradycardia and sino-atrial node (SAN) dysfunction. However, the mechanism remains unclear. We analyzed SAN function in two CPVT families and in a novel knock-in (KI) mouse model carrying the RyR2R420Q mutation. Humans and KI mice presented slower resting heart rate. Accordingly, the rate of spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) transients was slower in KI mouse SAN preparations than in WT, without any significant alteration in the "funny" current (If ). The L-type Ca2+ current was reduced in KI SAN cells in a [Ca2+]i-dependent way, suggesting that bradycardia was due to disrupted crosstalk between the "voltage" and "Ca2+" clock, and the mechanisms of pacemaking was induced by aberrant spontaneous RyR2- dependent Ca2+ release. This finding was consistent with a higher Ca2+ leak during diastolic periods produced by long-lasting Ca2+ sparks in KI SAN cells. Our results uncover a mechanism for the CPVT-causing RyR2 N-terminal mutation R420Q, and they highlight the fact that enhancing the Ca2+ clock may slow the heart rhythm by disturbing the coupling between Ca2+ and voltage clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yi Wang
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pietro Mesirca
- UMR-5203, CNRS, INSERM U1191, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Marqués-Sulé
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Physiotherapy Department
| | - Alexandra Zahradnikova
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Olivier Villejoubert
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pilar D'Ocon
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Pharmacology School, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Diana Domingo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Zorio
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matteo E Mangoni
- UMR-5203, CNRS, INSERM U1191, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ana María Gómez
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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4
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de Alba-Aguayo DR, Pavón N, Mercado-Morales M, Miranda-Saturnino M, López-Casamichana M, Guerrero-Hernández A, Rueda A. Increased calcium leak associated with reduced calsequestrin expression in hyperthyroid cardiomyocytes. Cell Calcium 2017; 62:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang H, Sun AY, Kim JJ, Graham V, Finch EA, Nepliouev I, Zhao G, Li T, Lederer WJ, Stiber JA, Pitt GS, Bursac N, Rosenberg PB. STIM1-Ca2+ signaling modulates automaticity of the mouse sinoatrial node. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5618-27. [PMID: 26424448 PMCID: PMC4611639 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503847112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pacemaking is governed by specialized cardiomyocytes located in the sinoatrial node (SAN). SAN cells (SANCs) integrate voltage-gated currents from channels on the membrane surface (membrane clock) with rhythmic Ca(2+) release from internal Ca(2+) stores (Ca(2+) clock) to adjust heart rate to meet hemodynamic demand. Here, we report that stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1 channels, key components of store-operated Ca(2+) entry, are selectively expressed in SANCs. Cardiac-specific deletion of STIM1 in mice resulted in depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) stores of SANCs and led to SAN dysfunction, as was evident by a reduction in heart rate, sinus arrest, and an exaggerated autonomic response to cholinergic signaling. Moreover, STIM1 influenced SAN function by regulating ionic fluxes in SANCs, including activation of a store-operated Ca(2+) current, a reduction in L-type Ca(2+) current, and enhancing the activities of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. In conclusion, these studies reveal that STIM1 is a multifunctional regulator of Ca(2+) dynamics in SANCs that links SR Ca(2+) store content with electrical events occurring in the plasma membrane, thereby contributing to automaticity of the SAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27704
| | - Albert Y Sun
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27704
| | - Jong J Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Victoria Graham
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27704
| | - Elizabeth A Finch
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27704
| | - Igor Nepliouev
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27704
| | - Guiling Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Center for BioMedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27704
| | - W J Lederer
- Department of Physiology, Center for BioMedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Jonathan A Stiber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27704
| | - Geoffrey S Pitt
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27704
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Paul B Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27704;
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Ruiz-Hurtado G, Li L, Fernández-Velasco M, Rueda A, Lefebvre F, Wang Y, Mateo P, Cassan C, Gellen B, Benitah JP, Gómez AM. Reconciling depressed Ca2+ sparks occurrence with enhanced RyR2 activity in failing mice cardiomyocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 146:295-306. [PMID: 26371209 PMCID: PMC4586588 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling contribute to impaired contractile function in heart failure (HF). Experiments on single ryanodine receptors (RyRs) incorporated into lipid bilayers have indicated that RyRs from failing hearts are more active than those from healthy hearts. Here, we analyzed spontaneous Ca2+ sparks (brief, localized increased in [Ca2+]i) to evaluate RyR cluster activity in situ in a mouse post-myocardial infarction (PMI) model of HF. The cardiac ejection fraction of PMI mice was reduced to ∼30% of that of sham-operated (sham) mice, and their cardiomyocytes were hypertrophied. The [Ca2+]i transient amplitude and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load were decreased in intact PMI cardiomyocytes compared with those from sham mice, and spontaneous Ca2+ sparks were less frequent, whereas the fractional release and the frequency of Ca2+ waves were both increased, suggesting higher RyR activity. In permeabilized cardiomyocytes, in which the internal solution can be controlled, Ca2+ sparks were more frequent in PMI cells (under conditions of similar SR Ca2+ load), confirming the enhanced RyR activity. However, in intact cells from PMI mice, the Ca2+ sparks frequency normalized by the SR Ca2+ load in that cell were reduced compared with those in sham mice, indicating that the cytosolic environment in intact cells contributes to the decrease in Ca2+ spark frequency. Indeed, using an internal "failing solution" with less ATP (as found in HF), we observed a dramatic decrease in Ca2+ spark frequency in permeabilized PMI and sham myocytes. In conclusion, our data show that, even if isolated RyR channels show more activity in HF, concomitant alterations in intracellular media composition and SR Ca2+ load may mask these effects at the Ca2+ spark level in intact cells. Nonetheless, in this scenario, the probability of arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves is enhanced, and they play a potential role in the increase in arrhythmia events in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Instituto de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Linwei Li
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Angélica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 07360 México City, D.F., México
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe Mateo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cécile Cassan
- Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs: écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle, Institut de recherche pour le développement, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- INSERM U955 and Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France INSERM U955 and Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean Pierre Benitah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ana María Gómez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1180, LabEx LERMIT, DHU TORINO, and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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ZHAO YT, VALDIVIA CR, GURROLA GB, HERNÁNDEZ JJ, VALDIVIA HH. Arrhythmogenic mechanisms in ryanodine receptor channelopathies. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 58:54-8. [PMID: 25480325 PMCID: PMC6309702 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are the calcium release channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that provide the majority of cal-cium ions (Ca2+) necessary to induce contraction of cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. In their intracellular environment, RyR channels are regulated by a variety of cytosolic and luminal factors so that their output signal (Ca2+) induces finely-graded cell contraction without igniting cellular processes that may lead to aberrant electrical activity (ventricular arrhythmias) or cellular remodeling. The importance of RyR dysfunction has been recently highlighted with the demonstration that point mutations in RYR2, the gene encoding for the cardiac isoform of the RyR (RyR2), are associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an arrhythmogenic syndrome characterized by the development of adrenergically-mediated ventricular tachycardia in individuals with an apparently normal heart. Here we summarize the state of the field in regards to the main arrhythmogenic mechanisms triggered by RyR2 channels harboring mutations linked to CPVT. Most CPVT mutations characterized to date endow RyR2 channels with a gain of function, resulting in hyperactive channels that release Ca2+ spontaneously, especially during diastole. The spontaneous Ca2+ release is extruded by the electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, which depolarizes the external membrane (delayed afterdepolarization or DAD) and may trigger untimely action potentials. However, a rare set of CPVT mutations yield RyR2 channels that are intrinsically hypo-active and hypo-responsive to stimuli, and it is unclear whether these channels release Ca2+ spontaneously during diastole. We discuss novel cellular mechanisms that appear more suitable to explain ventricular arrhythmias due to RyR2 loss-of-function mutations.
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Guerrero-Hernández A, Ávila G, Rueda A. Ryanodine receptors as leak channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 739:26-38. [PMID: 24291096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors are Ca(2+) release channels of internal stores. This review focuses on those situations and conditions that transform RyRs from a finely regulated ion channel to an unregulated Ca(2+) leak channel and the pathological consequences of this alteration. In skeletal muscle, mutations in either CaV1.1 channel or RyR1 results in a leaky behavior of the latter. In heart cells, RyR2 functions normally as a Ca(2+) leak channel during diastole within certain limits, the enhancement of this activity leads to arrhythmogenic situations that are tackled with different pharmacological strategies. In smooth muscle, RyRs are involved more in reducing excitability than in stimulating contraction so the leak activity of RyRs in the form of Ca(2+) sparks, locally activates Ca(2+)-dependent potassium channels to reduce excitability. In neurons the enhanced activity of RyRs is associated with the development of different neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Huntington diseases. It appears then that the activity of RyRs as leak channels can have both physiological and pathological consequences depending on the cell type and the metabolic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angélica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Cinvestav, Mexico city, México
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Ruiz-Hurtado G, Morel E, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Llach A, Lezoualc'h F, Benitah JP, Gomez AM. Epac in cardiac calcium signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 58:162-71. [PMID: 23220153 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP, is emerging as a new regulator of cardiac physiopathology. Although its effects are much less known than the classical cAMP effector, PKA, several studies have investigated the cardiac role of Epac, providing evidences that Epac modulates intracellular Ca(2+). In one of the first analyses, it was shown that Epac can increase the frequency of spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Later on, in adult cardiomyocytes, it was shown that Epac can induce sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release in a PKA independent manner. The pathway identified involved phospholipase C (PLC) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII). The latter phosphorylates the ryanodine receptor (RyR), increasing the Ca(2+) spark probability. The RyR, Ca(2+) release channel located in the SR membrane, is a key element in the excitation-contraction coupling. Thus Epac participates in the excitation-contraction coupling. Moreover, by inducing RyR phosphorylation, Epac is arrhythmogenic. A detailed analysis of Ca(2+) mobilization in different microdomains showed that Epac preferently elevated Ca(2+) in the nucleoplasm ([Ca(2+)]n). This effect, besides PLC and CaMKII, required inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) activation. IP3R is other Ca(2+) release channel located mainly in the perinuclear area in the adult ventricular myocytes, where it has been shown to participate in the excitation-transcription coupling (the process by which Ca(2+) activates transcription). If Epac activation is maintained for some time, the histone deacetylase (HDAC) is translocated out of the nucleus de-repressing the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor (MEF2). These evidences also pointed to Epac role in activating the excitation-transcription coupling. In fact, it has been shown that Epac induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Epac activation for several hours, even before the cell hypertrophies, induces a profound modulation of the excitation-contraction coupling: increasing the [Ca(2+)]i transient amplitude and cellular contraction. Thus Epac actions are rapid but time and microdomain dependent in the cardiac myocyte. Taken together the results collected indicate that Epac may have an important role in the cardiac response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Inserm, U769, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, IFR141, Labex Lermit, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Ruiz-Hurtado G, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Pereira L, Fernández-Velasco M, Cassan C, Lezoualc'h F, Benitah JP, Gómez AM. Sustained Epac activation induces calmodulin dependent positive inotropic effect in adult cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:617-25. [PMID: 22910094 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac actions of Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) are not completely elucidated. Epac induces cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, Ca(2+)/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) and excitation-transcription coupling in rat cardiac myocytes. Here we aimed to elucidate the pathway cascade involved in Epac sustained actions, as during the initiation of hypertrophy development, where β-adrenergic signaling is chronically stimulated. Rats were treated with the Epac selective activator 8-pCPT during 4 weeks and Ca(2+) signaling was analyzed in isolated cardiac myocytes by confocal microscopy. We observed a positive inotropic effect manifested by increased [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitudes. In order to further analyze these actions, we incubated adult cardiomyocytes in the presence of 8-pCPT. The effects were similar to those obtained in-vivo and are blunted by Epac1 knock down. Interestingly, the increase in [Ca(2+)] transients was abolished by protein synthesis blockade or when the downstream effectors of calmodulin (CaMKII or calcineurin) were inhibited, pointing to calmodulin (CaM) as an important downstream protein in Epac sustained actions. In fact, CaM expression was enhanced by 8-pCPT treatment in isolated cells, as found by Western blots. Moreover, the 8-pCPT-induced, PKA-independent, positive inotropic effect was favored by enhanced extracellular Ca(2+) influx via L-type Ca(2+) channels. However, 8-pCPT also induced aberrant Ca(2+) release as Ca(2+) waves and extra [Ca(2+)](i) transients, suggesting proarrhythmic effect. These results provide new insights regarding Epac cardiac actions, suggesting an important role in the initial compensation of the heart to pathological stimuli during the initiation of cardiac hypertrophy, favoring contraction but also arrhythmia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Inserm, U769, Univ. Paris Sud, IFR141, Labex Lermit, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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