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Howarth ERI, Szott ID, Witham CL, Wilding CS, Bethell EJ. Genetic polymorphisms in the serotonin, dopamine and opioid pathways influence social attention in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288108. [PMID: 37531334 PMCID: PMC10395878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Behaviour has a significant heritable component; however, unpicking the variants of interest in the neural circuits and molecular pathways that underpin these has proven difficult. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between known and new candidate genes from identified pathways and key behaviours for survival in 109 adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Eight genes involved in emotion were analysed for variation at a total of nine loci. Genetic data were then correlated with cognitive and observational measures of behaviour associated with wellbeing and survival using MCMC-based Bayesian GLMM in R, to account for relatedness within the macaque population. For four loci the variants genotyped were length polymorphisms (SLC6A4 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter length-polymorphic repeat (5-HTTLPR), SLC6A4 STin polymorphism, Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA)) whilst for the other five (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A), Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4), Oxytocin receptor (OXTR), Arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1a), Opioid receptor mu(μ) 1 (OPRM1)) SNPs were analysed. STin genotype, DRD4 haplotype and OXTR haplotype were significantly associated with the cognitive and observational measures of behaviour associated with wellbeing and survival. Genotype for 5-HTTLPR, STin and AVPR1a, and haplotype for HTR2A, DRD4 and OXTR were significantly associated with the duration of behaviours including fear and anxiety. Understanding the biological underpinnings of individual variation in negative emotion (e.g., fear and anxiety), together with their impact on social behaviour (e.g., social attention including vigilance for threat) has application for managing primate populations in the wild and captivity, as well as potential translational application for understanding of the genetic basis of emotions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline R. I. Howarth
- Research Centre in Brain and Behaviour, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle D. Szott
- Research Centre in Brain and Behaviour, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Witham
- Centre for Macaques, Harwell Institute, Medical Research Council, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S. Wilding
- Biodiversity and Conservation Group, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J. Bethell
- Research Centre in Brain and Behaviour, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Wood EK, Baron Z, Schwandt ML, Lindell SG, Barr CS, Suomi SJ, Higley JD. Variation in the Mu-Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) and Offspring Sex Are Associated With Maternal Behavior in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:721958. [PMID: 35368303 PMCID: PMC8964435 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.721958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) single-nucleotide-polymorphism, found in both humans and rhesus macaques mediates the mother-infant attachment bond. Because mothers treat their sons and daughters differently, it is somewhat surprising that the role of infant sex has not been assessed in the context of a maternal-OPRM1-genotype-by-infant-sex interaction. The present study investigates the effect of maternal-OPRM1-genotype and infant sex on mother-infant behaviors. Over the first 6 months of offspring life, mother-infant behavioral data assessing attachment quality was collected twice weekly from a large number of rhesus monkey mother-infant pairs (N = 161 dyads; n = 64 female infants, n = 97 male infants). Mothers were genotyped for OPRM1 variation. Factor analysis of the observed behaviors showed two factors: Attachment (maternal-infant cradling, rejections, and infant approaches and leaves), and Maternal Restraints (mother restrains infant, preventing exploration). Further analyses showed a two-way, maternal-genotype-by-infant-sex interaction for both factors. For Attachment, mothers with the CC genotype cradled and restrained (Maternal Restraints) their female infants more and rejected them less, when compared to female infants of CG mothers. Perhaps as a consequence, female infants of CC genotype mothers approached and left their mothers less often, when compared to female infants of CG mothers, likely an indication that female infants from mothers with CG genotype play a greater role in maintaining the mother-infant bond than do female infants from CC genotype mothers. This finding may also indicate a more secure attachment in infants from CC genotype mothers. Unlike female infants, on average, the mother-infant relationship of dyads with a male infant was largely undifferentiated by maternal genotype. These findings suggest that, in contrast to female infants from CG mothers, CC mothers and their female infants appear to have a closer mother-infant relationship which may portend close life-long bonds, as mothers and female offspring remain together throughout life. Male offspring appear to have a more aloof mother-infant bond regardless of OPRM1-genotype. The results of this study indicate that maternal-OPRM1 variation mediates mother-infant attachment behaviors for female infants and has less effect for male infants. This suggests that offspring sex should be included in studies investigating the effect of maternal-OPRM1 genotype on the mother-infant attachment relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Wood
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Zachary Baron
- Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen G. Lindell
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christina S. Barr
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen J. Suomi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - J. Dee Higley
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: J. Dee Higley,
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Abstract
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Identify the effects of dysregulated opioid signalling in depression• Evaluate the use of opioid compounds and ketamine in patients with depression ABSTRACT: Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains one of the leading causes of disability and functional impairment worldwide. Current antidepressant therapeutics require weeks to months of treatment prior to the onset of clinical efficacy on depressed mood but remain ineffective in treating suicidal ideation and cognitive impairment. Moreover, 30%-40% of individuals fail to respond to currently available antidepressant medications. MDD is a heterogeneous disorder with an unknown etiology; novel strategies must be developed to treat MDD more effectively. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting one or more of the four opioid receptors-mu (MOR), kappa (KOR), delta (DOR), and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP)-may yield effective therapeutics for stress-related psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the effects of the rapidly acting antidepressant ketamine may involve opioid receptors. This review highlights dysregulated opioid signaling in depression, evaluates clinical trials with opioid compounds, and considers the role of opioid mechanisms in rapidly acting antidepressants.
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4
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Spampinato SM. Overview of Genetic Analysis of Human Opioid Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2201:3-13. [PMID: 32975784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0884-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The human μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1 ), due to its genetic and structural variation, has been a target of interest in several pharmacogenetic studies. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR ), encoded by OPRM1 , contributes to regulate the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol. Genetic polymorphisms of opioid receptors are candidates for the variability of clinical opioid effects. The non-synonymous polymorphism A118G of the OPRM1 has been repeatedly associated with the efficacy of treatments for pain and various types of dependence. Genetic analysis of human opioid receptors has evidenced the presence of numerous polymorphisms either in exonic or in intronic sequences as well as the presence of synonymous coding variants that may have important effects on transcription, mRNA stability, and splicing, thus affecting gene function despite not directly disrupting any specific residue. Genotyping of opioid receptors is still in its infancy and a relevant progress in this field can be achieved by using advanced gene sequencing techniques described in this review that allow researchers to obtain vast quantities of data on human genomes and transcriptomes in a brief period of time and with affordable costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi M Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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5
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Thompson JB, Daniel AM, Rushing BG, Papini MR. Recovery profiles from reward downshift are correlated with operant licking maintained by alcohol, but not with genetic variation in the mu opioid receptor. Physiol Behav 2021; 228:113192. [PMID: 33011231 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
After ten 5-min sessions of access to 32% sucrose, a reward downshift (RD) to 2% sucrose induces a transient rejection of the reward. Animals were segregated according to the speed of recovery from RD into Fast-recovery and Slow-recovery subgroups. Animals were subsequently trained in an operant licking (OL) task in which licking at an empty tube provided 10 s of access to a second tube containing 66% alcohol. Licking on the first tube was subjected to a progressive ratio (PR) schedule with a step of 4 licks. Fast-recovery animals (both males and females) licked to a higher ratio than Slow-recovery animals. Animals were also exposed to a well-lit open field (OF) for 20 min. Fast- and Slow-recovery males and females exhibited equal levels of activity in the OF. Tissue samples from tails were assessed for two well-known allelic variations of the human opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, known to affect mu opioid sensitivity: The C17T and A118G single nucleotide polymorphisms. There was no evidence of a relationship between genotype and behavior, suggesting that these genetic mechanisms in humans do not account for the individual differences in recovery from RD and OL for alcohol in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan M Daniel
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, United States
| | - Brenda G Rushing
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, United States
| | - Mauricio R Papini
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, United States.
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Daniel AM, Rushing BG, Tapia Menchaca KY. Variation of the human mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene predicts vulnerability to frustration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21840. [PMID: 33318511 PMCID: PMC7736895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the emotional reaction to loss, or frustration, is a critical problem for the field of mental health. Animal models of loss have pointed to the opioid system as a nexus of frustration, physical pain, and substance abuse. However, few attempts have been made to connect the results of animal models of loss to human behavior. Allelic differences in the human mu opioid receptor gene, notably the A118G single nucleotide polymorphism, have been linked to individual differences in pain sensitivity, depressive symptoms, and reward processing. The present study explored the relationship between A118G and behavior in two frustrating tasks in humans. Results showed that carriers of the mutant G-allele were slower to recover behavior following a reward downshift and abandoned a frustrating task earlier than those without the mutation. Additionally, G-carriers were more sensitive to physical pain. These results highlight the overlap between frustration and pain, and suggest that genetic variation in opioid tone may contribute to individual differences in vulnerability and resilience following emotional disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Daniel
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX, 78224, USA.
| | - Brenda G Rushing
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX, 78224, USA
| | - Karla Y Tapia Menchaca
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX, 78224, USA
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7
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Opioid system modulation of cognitive affective bias: implications for the treatment of mood disorders. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:122-135. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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The prevalence of ADH1B and OPRM1 alleles predisposing for alcohol consumption are increased in the Hungarian psoriasis population. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:435-442. [PMID: 31011876 PMCID: PMC6594982 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol intake affects in great the symptoms and life of psoriasis patients, although the association of SNPs related to increased alcohol consumption with psoriasis has not been elucidated. Therefore, to investigate the association of psoriasis with established alcohol consumption and dependence-related gene variants we conducted a population-based case-control study including 3743 subjects (776 psoriasis cases and 2967 controls from the general Hungarian population). Genotyping of 23 SNPs at ADH1B, ADH1C, ALDH1A1, ALDH2, SLC6A3, DDC, GABRA2, GABRG1, HTR1B, MAOA, TPH2, CHRM2, GRIN2A, POMC, OPRM1, OPRK1 and BDNF were determined and differences in genotype and allele distributions were investigated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were implemented. Analysis revealed association between C allele of the rs1229984 polymorphism (ADH1B gene) and psoriasis risk (ORadditive = 1.58, 95% CI 1.23-2.03, p < 0.001, ORrecessive = 1.58, 95% CI 1.22-2.04, p = 0.001). Furthermore, the G allele of rs1799971 polymorphism (OPRM1 gene) increased the risk of familial aggregation (ORadditive = 1.99, 95% CI 1.36-2.91, p < 0.001 ORdominant = 2.01, 95% CI 1.35-3.01, p < 0.001). In subgroups of psoriatic patients with history of early onset and familial aggregation effect allele 'C' of rs1229984 showed association in the additive and recessive models (ORadditive = 2.41, 95% CI 1.26-4.61, p < 0.01, ORrecessive = 2.42, 95% CI 1.26-4.68, p < 0.01). While effect allele 'G' of rs1799971 (OPRM1) also associated with increased risk of early onset and familial aggregation of psoriasis in the additive and dominant models (ORadditive = 1.75, 95% CI 1.27-2.43, p = 0.001, ORdominant = 1.82, 95% CI 1.26-2.63, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that genetically defined high-risk individuals for alcohol consumption are more common in the psoriasis population.
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9
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Abstract
The failure of traditional antidepressant medications to adequately target cognitive impairment is associated with poor treatment response, increased risk of relapse, and greater lifetime disability. Opioid receptor antagonists are currently under development as novel therapeutics for major depressive disorder (MDD) and other stress-related illnesses. Although it is known that dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system is observed in patients diagnosed with MDD, the impact of opioidergic neurotransmission on cognitive impairment has not been systematically evaluated. Here we review the literature indicating that opioid manipulations can alter cognitive functions in humans. Furthermore, we detail the preclinical studies that demonstrate the ability of mu-opioid receptor and kappa-opioid receptor ligands to modulate several cognitive processes. Specifically, this review focuses on domains within higher order cognitive processing, including attention and executive functioning, which can differentiate cognitive processes influenced by motivational state.
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10
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11
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Pfeifer P, Sariyar M, Eggermann T, Zerres K, Vernaleken I, Tüscher O, Fehr C. Alcohol Consumption in Healthy OPRM1 G Allele Carriers and Its Association with Impulsive Behavior. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 50:379-84. [PMID: 25836994 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A link between alcohol use disorders (AUD) and impulsivity is well established. As there is evidence for the heritability of AUD, the investigation of the underlying genetic disposition for both conditions is an important issue. An association between AUD and a coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1799971 encoding an Asn40Asp amino acid substitution, A118G) within the µ-opioid receptor 1 gene (OPRM1) has been reported. Therefore we tested the association between the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and drinking as well as impulsive behavior in social drinkers. METHODS A total of 214 healthy male social drinkers were recruited. Each participant was genotyped for the OPRM1 A118G variant. Alcohol use was assessed with items of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Impulsivity was assessed using the UPPS impulsive behavior scale. For statistical analyses, we considered correlations, t-tests and ordinal regression models using SPSS V21. RESULTS In total, 49 out of 214 participants were carriers of the OPRM1 118G allele. On average the OPRM1 118G carriers showed a slightly higher propensity for alcohol drinking. Higher drinking frequency among the G allele carriers was linked with higher urgency and perseveration subscores of impulsivity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a genetically influenced higher propensity for alcohol drinking among social drinkers carrying the 118G allele of the OPRM1 gene. The positive correlation between urgency and a higher drinking frequency among the OPRM1 118G hint towards a functional meaning of the opioid system in the regulation of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pfeifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, UntereZahlbacherStraße8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Sariyar
- Institute for Pathology, CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Eggermann
- Institute for Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Medical Centre, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Zerres
- Institute for Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Medical Centre, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Vernaleken
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University Medical Center, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - O Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, UntereZahlbacherStraße8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Fehr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, UntereZahlbacherStraße8, 55131 Mainz, Germany Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Wilhelm-Epstein-Straße 4, 60431 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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12
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Abstract
The human μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), due to its genetic and structural variation, has been a target of interest in several pharmacogenetic studies. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR), encoded by OPRM1, contributes to regulate the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol. Genetic polymorphisms of opioid receptors are candidates for the variability of clinical opioid effects. The non-synonymous polymorphism A118G of the OPRM1 has been repeatedly associated with the efficacy of opioid treatments for pain and various types of dependence. Genetic analysis of human opioid receptors has evidenced the presence of numerous polymorphisms either in exonic or in intronic sequences as well as the presence of synonymous coding variants that may have important effects on transcription, mRNA stability, and splicing, thus affecting gene function despite not directly disrupting any specific residue. Genotyping of opioid receptors is still in its infancy and a relevant progress in this field can be achieved by using advanced gene sequencing techniques described in this review that allow the researchers to obtain vast quantities of data on human genomes and transcriptomes in a brief period of time and with affordable costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi M Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy,
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13
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Hasvik E, Iordanova Schistad E, Grøvle L, Julsrud Haugen A, Røe C, Gjerstad J. Subjective health complaints in patients with lumbar radicular pain and disc herniation are associated with a sex - OPRM1 A118G polymorphism interaction: a prospective 1-year observational study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:161. [PMID: 24884878 PMCID: PMC4038376 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Earlier observations show that development of persistent pain may be associated with the genetic variability in the gene encoding for the μ-opioid receptor 1, the OPRM1 A118G (rs1799971). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between OPRM1 genotype and subjective health complaints in patients with radicular pain and disc herniation. Methods A prospective, 1-year observational study was conducted at a hospital back clinic, including 118 Caucasian patients with lumbar radicular pain and MRI confirmed disc herniation. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping regarding the OPRM1 A118G was performed. The data of individuals with AA versus AG or GG were analysed separately by linear mixed models. The Subjective Health Complaints Inventory (0-81) including 27 common complaints experienced the previous month on a scale from not at all (0) to severe (3) was used as outcome. Pain, prior duration of leg pain, age, smoking status, and lumbar disc surgery were considered as covariates. Results In total 23 of 118 patients were carriers of the OPRM1 G-allele. All patients except female carriers of the G-allele reported a decrease in pain from baseline to 1 year. Female carriers of the G-allele reported significantly higher subjective health complaints score during the study time span than male carriers of the G-allele when controlling for pain and pain duration. Conclusion The present data indicate that, when controlling for pain intensity and duration, subjective health complaints are associated with a sex - OPRM1 A118G polymorphism interaction in patients with radicular pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Hasvik
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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β-endorphin via the delta opioid receptor is a major factor in the incubation of cocaine craving. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:2508-14. [PMID: 23800967 PMCID: PMC3799071 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cue-induced cocaine craving intensifies, or 'incubates', during the first few weeks of abstinence and persists over extended periods of time. One important factor implicated in cocaine addiction is the endogenous opioid β-endorphin. In the present study, we examined the possible involvement of β-endorphin in the incubation of cocaine craving. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg, 10 days, 6 h/day), followed by either a 1-day or a 30-day period of forced abstinence. Subsequent testing for cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior (without cocaine reinforcement) was performed. Rats exposed to the drug-associated cue on day 1 of forced abstinence demonstrated minimal cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior concurrently with a significant increase in β-endorphin release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Conversely, exposure to the cue on day 30 increased cocaine seeking, while β-endorphin levels remained unchanged. Intra-NAc infusion of an anti-β-endorphin antibody (4 μg) on day 1 increased cue-induced cocaine seeking, whereas infusion of a synthetic β-endorphin peptide (100 ng) on day 30 significantly decreased cue response. Both intra-NAc infusions of the δ opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (1 μg) on day 1 and naltrindole together with β-endorphin on day 30 increased cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior. Intra-NAc infusion of the μ opioid receptor antagonist CTAP (30 ng and 3 μg) had no behavioral effect. Altogether, these results demonstrate a novel role for β-endorphin and the δ opioid receptor in the development of the incubation of cocaine craving.
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Bruehl S, Apkarian AV, Ballantyne JC, Berger A, Borsook D, Chen WG, Farrar JT, Haythornthwaite JA, Horn SD, Iadarola MJ, Inturrisi CE, Lao L, Mackey S, Mao J, Sawczuk A, Uhl GR, Witter J, Woolf CJ, Zubieta JK, Lin Y. Personalized medicine and opioid analgesic prescribing for chronic pain: opportunities and challenges. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 14:103-13. [PMID: 23374939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Use of opioid analgesics for pain management has increased dramatically over the past decade, with corresponding increases in negative sequelae including overdose and death. There is currently no well-validated objective means of accurately identifying patients likely to experience good analgesia with low side effects and abuse risk prior to initiating opioid therapy. This paper discusses the concept of data-based personalized prescribing of opioid analgesics as a means to achieve this goal. Strengths, weaknesses, and potential synergism of traditional randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) and practice-based evidence (PBE) methodologies as means to acquire the clinical data necessary to develop validated personalized analgesic-prescribing algorithms are overviewed. Several predictive factors that might be incorporated into such algorithms are briefly discussed, including genetic factors, differences in brain structure and function, differences in neurotransmitter pathways, and patient phenotypic variables such as negative affect, sex, and pain sensitivity. Currently available research is insufficient to inform development of quantitative analgesic-prescribing algorithms. However, responder subtype analyses made practical by the large numbers of chronic pain patients in proposed collaborative PBE pain registries, in conjunction with follow-up validation RCTs, may eventually permit development of clinically useful analgesic-prescribing algorithms. PERSPECTIVE Current research is insufficient to base opioid analgesic prescribing on patient characteristics. Collaborative PBE studies in large, diverse pain patient samples in conjunction with follow-up RCTs may permit development of quantitative analgesic-prescribing algorithms that could optimize opioid analgesic effectiveness and mitigate risks of opioid-related abuse and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bruehl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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16
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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17
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Burkett JP, Young LJ. The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 224:1-26. [PMID: 22885871 PMCID: PMC3469771 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Love has long been referred to as an addiction in literature and poetry. Scientists have often made comparisons between social attachment processes and drug addiction, and it has been suggested that the two may share a common neurobiological mechanism. Brain systems that evolved to govern attachments between parents and children and between monogamous partners may be the targets of drugs of abuse and serve as the basis for addiction processes. OBJECTIVES Here, we review research on drug addiction in parallel with research on social attachments, including parent-offspring attachments and social bonds between mating partners. This review focuses on the brain regions and neurochemicals with the greatest overlap between addiction and attachment and, in particular, the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway. RESULTS Significant overlap exists between these two behavioral processes. In addition to conceptual overlap in symptomatology, there is a strong commonality between the two domains regarding the roles and sites of action of DA, opioids, and corticotropin-releasing factor. The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are hypothesized to integrate social information into attachment processes that is not present in drug addiction. CONCLUSIONS Social attachment may be understood as a behavioral addiction, whereby the subject becomes addicted to another individual and the cues that predict social reward. Understandings from both fields may enlighten future research on addiction and attachment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Burkett
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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Falcone M, Gold AB, Wileyto EP, Ray R, Ruparel K, Newberg A, Dubroff J, Logan J, Zubieta JK, Blendy JA, Lerman C. μ-Opioid receptor availability in the amygdala is associated with smoking for negative affect relief. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 222:701-8. [PMID: 22389047 PMCID: PMC3670416 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The perception that smoking relieves negative affect contributes to smoking persistence. Endogenous opioid neurotransmission, and the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) in particular, plays a role in affective regulation and is modulated by nicotine. OBJECTIVES We examined the relationship of MOR binding availability in the amygdala to the motivation to smoke for negative affect relief and to the acute effects of smoking on affective responses. METHODS Twenty-two smokers were scanned on two separate occasions after overnight abstinence using [¹¹C]carfentanil positron emission tomography imaging: after smoking a nicotine-containing cigarette and after smoking a denicotinized cigarette. Self-reports of smoking motives were collected at baseline, and measures of positive and negative affect were collected pre- and post- cigarette smoking. RESULTS Higher MOR availability in the amygdala was associated with motivation to smoke to relieve negative affect. However, MOR availability was unrelated to changes in affect after smoking either cigarette. CONCLUSIONS Increased MOR availability in amygdala may underlie the motivation to smoke for negative affective relief. These results are consistent with previous data highlighting the role of MOR neurotransmission in smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Falcone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Allison B. Gold
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - E. Paul Wileyto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Riju Ray
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Neuropsychiatry Department, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew Newberg
- Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jacob Dubroff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jean Logan
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Setiawan E, Pihl RO, Benkelfat C, Leyton M. Influence of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism on alcohol-induced euphoria, risk for alcoholism and the clinical efficacy of naltrexone. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:1161-72. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-use disorders are thought to be heterogeneous in etiology, pathophysiology and response to treatment. One hypothesized contributor to this variability is the common A118G polymorphism of the µ-opioid receptor gene, OPRM1. This article critically evaluates the evidence that the A118G substitution affects subjective, behavioral and neurobiological responses to alcohol and the opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone. Although screening of patients in a clinical setting remains premature, results suggest the A118G substitution may influence one etiological pathway to alcoholism, for which naltrexone pharmacotherapy is more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Setiawan
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert O Pihl
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Bogdan R, Nikolova YS, Pizzagalli DA. Neurogenetics of depression: a focus on reward processing and stress sensitivity. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 52:12-23. [PMID: 22659304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is etiologically complex and has a heterogeneous presentation. This heterogeneity hinders the ability of molecular genetic research to reliably detect the small effects conferred by common genetic variation. As a result, significant research efforts have been directed at investigating more homogenous intermediate phenotypes believed to be more proximal to gene function and lie between genes and/or environmental effects and disease processes. In the current review we survey and integrate research on two promising intermediate phenotypes linked to depression: reward processing and stress sensitivity. A synthesis of this burgeoning literature indicates that a molecular genetic approach focused on intermediate phenotypes holds significant promise to fundamentally improve our understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of depression, which will be required for improved diagnostic definitions and the development of novel and more efficacious treatment and prevention strategies. We conclude by highlighting challenges facing intermediate phenotype research and future development that will be required to propel this pivotal research into new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bogdan
- BRAIN Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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