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Navasiolava N, Yuan M, Murphy R, Robin A, Coupé M, Wang L, Alameddine A, Gauquelin-Koch G, Gharib C, Li Y, Custaud MA. Vascular and Microvascular Dysfunction Induced by Microgravity and Its Analogs in Humans: Mechanisms and Countermeasures. Front Physiol 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 32973543 PMCID: PMC7468431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weightlessness and physical inactivity have deleterious cardiovascular effects. The space environment and its ground-based models offer conditions to study the cardiovascular effects of physical inactivity in the absence of other vascular risk factors, particularly at the macro- and microcirculatory levels. However, the mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction and remodeling are not sufficiently studied in the context of weightlessness and its analogs including models of physical inactivity. Here, we summarize vascular and microvascular changes induced by space flight and observed in models of microgravity and physical inactivity and review the effects of prophylactic strategies (i.e., countermeasures) on vascular and microvascular function. We discuss physical (e.g., exercise, vibration, lower body negative pressure, and artificial gravity) and nutritional/pharmacological (e.g., caloric restriction, resveratrol, and other vegetal extracts) countermeasures. Currently, exercise countermeasure appears to be the most effective to protect vascular function. Although pharmacological countermeasures are not currently considered to fight vascular changes due to microgravity, nutritional countermeasures are very promising. Dietary supplements/natural health products, especially plant extracts, should be extensively studied. The best prophylactic strategy is likely a combination of countermeasures that are effective not only at the cardiovascular level but also for the organism as a whole, but this strategy remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center (ACC), Beijing, China
| | - Ronan Murphy
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Science & Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrien Robin
- Clinical Research Center, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Mitovasc, UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Mickael Coupé
- Mitovasc, UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Linjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center (ACC), Beijing, China
| | - Asmaa Alameddine
- Mitovasc, UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Claude Gharib
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center (ACC), Beijing, China
| | - Marc-Antoine Custaud
- Clinical Research Center, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Mitovasc, UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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Ko CH, Siu WS, Chan CL, Koon CM, Fung KP, Li YZ, Li YH, Leung PC. Bone protection effects of a novel Chinese herbal formula, taikong yangxin prescription, in hindlimb unloaded rats against bone deterioration. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 21:759-64. [PMID: 26525547 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of a Chinese herbal formula, taikong yangxin prescription (TKYXP) against bone deterioration in a hindlimb unloaded (tail-suspension) rat model. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: tail-suspension group fed with 2.5 g•kg(-1)•day(-1) of TKYXP extract (high dose), tail-suspension group fed with 1.25 g•kg(-1)•day(-1) (low dose), tail-suspended group treated with water placebo (placebo control group) and non tail-suspended group. The effects of TKYXP on bone were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT) and three-point bending biomechanical test on the femur in vivo. RESULTS TKYXP had a significant protective effect against bone loss induced by tail-suspension on day 28, as shown in the reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) loss, preservation of bone micro-architecture and biomechanical strength. The administration ofhigh dose TKYXP could significantly reduce the total BMD loss by 4.8% and 8.0% at the femur and tibia regions, respectively, compared with the placebo control group (P<0.01) on day 28. Its bone protective effect on the femur was further substantiated by the increases of the trabecular BMD (by 6.6%), bone volume fraction (by 20.9%), trabecular number (by 9.5%) and thickness (by 11.9%) as compared with the placebo control group. CONCLUSION TKYXP may protect the bone under weightless influence from gradual structural deterioration in the tail-suspension model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ying-hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ping-chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Yuan M, Alameddine A, Coupé M, Navasiolava NM, Li Y, Gauquelin-Koch G, Bai Y, Jiang S, Wan Y, Wang J, Li Y, Custaud MA. Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on vascular functions during 60-day head-down bed rest. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1975-83. [PMID: 25957107 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chinese herbal medicine is a promising countermeasure against cardiovascular dysfunction associated with a sedentary lifestyle. We examined the impact of the Chinese herb, Taikong Yangxin, on the micro- and macrovascular dysfunction associated with a 60-day bed rest. METHODS Fourteen healthy men were randomly divided into two groups: those given herbal supplement, and the control group; the two groups underwent a 60-day bed rest. The macrovasculature was assessed by sonography. Skin microvascular functions were assessed with laser Doppler. The plasma level of endothelial microparticles (EMPs), markers of endothelial injury, was determined. RESULTS Bed rest induced a 33 % decrease in the femoral artery diameter and compliance whereas carotid wall thickness, diameter, and compliance remained unchanged. The early phase of endothelium-dependent vasodilation to ACh was unmodified by bed rest, while the late phase was reduced by 30 % along with a twofold increase in EMPs. In those given Taikong Yangxin, the early phase was amplified by 2.5-fold, and the effects of bed rest on the late phase were prevented. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that Taikong Yangxin ameliorates endothelium-dependent vasodilation, likely by improving the NO pathway. The study suggests Taikong Yangxin as a new countermeasure to prevent the changes in microvascular function induced by physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Liu H, Xie Q, Xin BM, Liu JL, Liu Y, Li YZ, Wang JP. Inhibition of autophagy recovers cardiac dysfunction and atrophy in response to tail-suspension. Life Sci 2014; 121:1-9. [PMID: 25476825 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Physical inactivity during space flight or prolonged bed rest may cause cardiac dysfunction and atrophy, but the exact mechanism that governs the regulation of myocardial dysfunction and cardiac atrophy remains poorly understood. Autophagy, a protein degradation pathway, has recently been shown to be involved in the regulation of cardiac dysfunction and atrophy. In this study, we investigated the relationships between dysfunction and inactivity-induced atrophy and autophagy in rat cardiac tissue. MAIN METHODS Physical inactivity was simulated by a tail suspension model, and cardiac function was examined by echocardiography. Cardiac atrophy was measured by wheat germ agglutinin staining and autophagic activity was detected by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that cardiac function, especially contractility, declined and the area of cardiac atrophy increased in the tail-suspended cardiac tissue. Additionally, the cross-sectional area of myocardial cells decreased; however, apoptosis did not increase with tail suspension. Similarly, the expression of autophagy-related proteins and the number of autophagosomes were elevated in the tail-suspended cardiac tissue. Moreover, the administration of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, reversed cardiac dysfunction and atrophy via the suppression of autophagic activity during suspension. Our results indicate that autophagy facilitates the development and progression of cardiac dysfunction and atrophy induced by tail suspension. SIGNIFICANCE Our studies hint that the components of the autophagy-related signaling pathway are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiac diseases induced by physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Qiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Centre, 26# Beiqing Road, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Bing-Mu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Centre, 26# Beiqing Road, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Jun-Lian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Centre, 26# Beiqing Road, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Centre, 26# Beiqing Road, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Centre, 26# Beiqing Road, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Jia-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Centre, 26# Beiqing Road, Beijing 100094, PR China.
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Hargens AR, Bhattacharya R, Schneider SM. Space physiology VI: exercise, artificial gravity, and countermeasure development for prolonged space flight. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:2183-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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