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Kaur S, Roberts DD. Emerging functions of thrombospondin-1 in immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:22-31. [PMID: 37258315 PMCID: PMC10684827 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 is a secreted matricellular glycoprotein that modulates cell behavior by interacting with components of the extracellular matrix and with several cell surface receptors. Its presence in the extracellular matrix is induced by injuries that cause thrombospondin-1 release from platelets and conditions including hyperglycemia, ischemia, and aging that stimulate its expression by many cell types. Conversely, rapid receptor-mediated clearance of thrombospondin-1 from the extracellular space limits its sustained presence in the extracellular space and maintains sub-nanomolar physiological concentrations in blood plasma. Roles for thrombospondin-1 signaling, mediated by specific cellular receptors or by activation of latent TGFβ, have been defined in T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. In addition to regulating physiological nitric oxide signaling and responses of cells to stress, studies in mice lacking thrombospondin-1 or its receptors have revealed important roles for thrombospondin-1 in regulating immune responses in infectious and autoimmune diseases and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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2
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Risk Prediction of Central Nervous System Infection Secondary to Intraventricular Drainage in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Development and Evaluation of a New Predictive Model Nomogram. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2022; 56:651-658. [PMID: 35462608 PMCID: PMC9135812 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-022-00403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently no reliable tools are available for predicting the risk of central nervous system (CNS) infections in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after undergoing ventriculostomy drainage. The current study sought to develop and validate a nomogram to identify high-risk factors of CNS infection after ventriculomegaly drain placement for intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS A total of 185 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent ventriculoperitoneal drainage were enrolled to the current study. Patients were divided into a CNS infection group (20 patients) and a non-CNS infection group (165 patients). The baseline data from both groups was used to develop and evaluate a model for predicting the likelihood of developing CNS infection after ventriculoperitoneal drain placement for intracerebral hemorrhage. RESULTS The finding showed that operative time, intraventricular drainage duration, postoperative temperature, white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), neutrophils ratio in CSF, Red blood cell count in CSF, and glucose content in CSF were correlated with CNS infection. A nomogram for predicting the risk of CNS infection was constructed based on these variables. The c-index and the AUC of the ROC curve was 0.961, showing good discrimination. Clinical decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram clinical application ranged between 1 and 100%. The clinical impact curve was generated to set with a threshold probability of 0.5. CONCLUSION The nomogram reported in the current study can be used by clinicians to identify patients likely to have secondary CNS infections, so that clinicians can better treat these patients at earlier stages.
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van Duijn A, Van der Burg SH, Scheeren FA. CD47/SIRPα axis: bridging innate and adaptive immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004589. [PMID: 35831032 PMCID: PMC9280883 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid immune cells are frequently present in the tumor environment, and although they can positively contribute to tumor control they often negatively impact anticancer immune responses. One way of inhibiting the positive contributions of myeloid cells is by signaling through the cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47)/signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) axis. The SIRPα receptor is expressed on myeloid cells and is an inhibitory immune receptor that, upon binding to CD47 protein, delivers a ‘don’t eat me’ signal. As CD47 is often overexpressed on cancer cells, treatments targeting CD47/SIRPα have been under active investigation and are currently being tested in clinical settings. Interestingly, the CD47/SIRPα axis is also involved in T cell-mediated antitumor responses. In this perspective we provide an overview of recent studies showing how therapeutic blockade of the CD47/SIRPα axis improves the adaptive immune response. Furthermore, we discuss the interconnection between the myeloid CD47/SIRPα axis and adaptive T cell responses as well as the potential therapeutic role of the CD47/SIRPα axis in tumors with acquired resistance to the classic immunotherapy through major histocompatibility complex downregulation. Altogether this review provides a profound insight for the optimal exploitation of CD47/SIRPα immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneloes van Duijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H Van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Chen H, Yang Y, Deng Y, Wei F, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Liu Z, Yu B, Huang Z. Delivery of CD47 blocker SIRPα-Fc by CAR-T cells enhances antitumor efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003737. [PMID: 35110357 PMCID: PMC8811602 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been successfully applied in treating lymphoma malignancies, but not in solid tumors. CD47 is highly expressed on tumor cells and its overexpression is believed to inhibit phagocytosis by macrophages and dendritic cells. Given the antitumor activity against preclinical model of CD47-blocking to induce the innate and adaptive immune system in the tumor microenvironment, here we developed a CAR-T cell secreting CD47 blocker signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα)-Fc fusion protein (Sirf CAR-T) to boost CAR-T cell therapeutic effect in solid tumor therapy. Methods Murine T cells were transduced to express a conventional anti-Trop2 CAR and Sirf CAR. The expression of SIRPα-Fc fusion protein in the supernatant of CAR-T cells and its effect on macrophage phagocytosis were tested in vitro. In vivo antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells was evaluated in immunocompetent mice and analysis of the tumor microenvironment in the tumor-bearing mice was performed. Results We found that Sirf CAR-T cells dramatically decreased tumor burden and significantly prolonged survival in several syngeneic immunocompetent tumor models. Furthermore, we found that Sirf CAR-T cells induced more central memory T cells (TCM) and improved the persistence of CAR-T cells in tumor tissue, as well as decreased PD-1 expression on the CAR-T cell surface. In addition, we demonstrated that Sirf CAR-T cells could modulate the tumor microenvironment by decreasing myeloid-derived stem cells as well as increasing CD11c+ dendritic cells and M1-type macrophages in tumor tissue. Conclusions In summary, our findings indicate that CD47 blocker SIRPα-Fc enhances the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells and propose to block CD47/SIRPα signaling effect on CAR-T cells function, which could provide a new strategy for successful cancer immunotherapy by rationalizing combination of CD47 blocker and CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanpeng Chen
- BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fengjiao Wei
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- ICU, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolan Yu
- BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaofeng Huang
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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5
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CD47 Potentiates Inflammatory Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051151. [PMID: 34068752 PMCID: PMC8151692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the role of CD47 in inflammatory responses in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Expression of CD47 and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and changes in CD47 expression after exposure to SLE serum, healthy control (HC) serum, recombinant interferon (IFN)-α, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were examined. Human monocytes and THP1 cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an anti-CD47 antibody, or both. TNF-α production was examined. Sera from SLE patients and HCs were screened to detect autoantibodies specific for CD47. Results: Twenty-five SLE patients and sixteen HCs were enrolled. CD47 expression by monocytes from SLE patients was higher than those from HCs (mean fluorescence intensity ± SD: 815.9 ± 269.4 vs. 511.5 ± 199.4, respectively; p < 0.001). CD47 expression by monocytes correlated with SLE disease activity (Spearman’s rho = 0.467, p = 0.019). IFN-α but not TNF-α, increased CD47 expression. Exposing monocytes to an anti-CD47 antibody plus LPS increased TNF-α production by 21.0 ± 10.9-fold (compared with 7.3 ± 5.5-fold for LPS alone). Finally, levels of autoantibodies against CD47 were higher in SLE patients than in HCs (21.4 ± 7.1 ng/mL vs. 16.1 ± 3.1 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.02). Anti-CD47 antibody levels did not correlate with disease activity (Spearman’s rho = −0.11, p = 0.759) or CD47 expression on CD14 monocytes (Spearman’s rho = 0.079, p = 0.838) in patients. Conclusions: CD47 expression by monocytes is upregulated in SLE and correlates with disease activity. CD47 contributes to augmented inflammatory responses in SLE. Targeting CD47 might be a novel treatment for SLE.
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Kaur S, Isenberg JS, Roberts DD. CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47). ATLAS OF GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS IN ONCOLOGY AND HAEMATOLOGY 2021; 25:83-102. [PMID: 34707698 PMCID: PMC8547767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CD47, also known as integrin-associated protein, is a constitutively and ubiquitously expressed transmembrane receptor. CD47 is conserved across amniotes including mammals, reptiles, and birds. Expression is increased in many cancers and, in non-malignant cells, by stress and with aging. The up-regulation of CD47 expression is generally epigenetic, whereas gene amplification occurs with low frequency in some cancers. CD47 is a high affinity signaling receptor for the secreted protein thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) and the counter-receptor for signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPA, SIRPα) and SIRPγ (SIRPG). CD47 interaction with SIRPα serves as a marker of self to innate immune cells and thereby protects cancer cells from phagocytic clearance. Consequently, higher CD47 correlates with a poor prognosis in some cancers, and therapeutic blockade can suppress tumor growth by enhancing innate antitumor immunity. CD47 expressed on cytotoxic T cells, dendritic cells, and NK cells mediates inhibitory THBS1 signaling that further limits antitumor immunity. CD47 laterally associates with several integrins and thereby regulates cell adhesion and migration. CD47 has additional lateral binding partners in specific cell types, and ligation of CD47 in some cases modulates their function. THBS1-CD47 signaling in non-malignant cells inhibits nitric oxide/cGMP, calcium, and VEGF signaling, mitochondrial homeostasis, stem cell maintenance, protective autophagy, and DNA damage response, and promotes NADPH oxidase activity. CD47 signaling is a physiological regulator of platelet activation, angiogenesis and blood flow. THBS1/CD47 signaling is frequently dysregulated in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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7
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Targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia with N-methylated thrombospondin-1-derived peptides overcomes drug resistance. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2920-2933. [PMID: 31648314 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adulthood leukemia in Western countries, is a very heterogeneous disease characterized by a peripheral accumulation of abnormal CD5+ B lymphocytes in the immune system. Despite new therapeutic developments, there remains an unmet medical need for CLL. Here, we demonstrate that the use of N-methylated thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)-derived peptides is an efficient way to kill the malignant CLL cells, including those from high-risk individuals with poor clinical prognosis, del11q, del17p, 2p gain, or complex karyotype. PKT16, our hit N-methylated peptide, triggers the elimination of the leukemic cells, sparing the nontumor cells, including the hematopoietic precursors, and reduces the in vivo tumor burden of a CLL-xenograft mice model. A complementary analysis underscores the improved cytotoxic efficiency of PKT16 compared with the previously described TSP-1-derived probes, such as PKHB1. PKT16 elicits an original caspase-independent programmed necrotic mode of cell death, different from necroptosis or ferroptosis, implicating an intracellular Ca2+ deregulation that provokes mitochondrial damage, cell cycle arrest, and the specific death of the malignant CLL cells. The activation of the Gαi proteins and the subsequent drop of cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and protein kinase A activity regulate this cytotoxic cascade. Remarkably, PKT16 induces the molecular hallmarks of immunogenic cell death, as defined by the calreticulin plasma membrane exposure and the release of adenosine triphosphate and high-mobility group box 1 protein from the dying CLL cells. Thus, PKT16 appears to be able to stimulate an anticancer in vivo immune response. Collectively, our results pave the way toward the development of an efficient strategy against CLL.
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Burgess TL, Amason JD, Rubin JS, Duveau DY, Lamy L, Roberts DD, Farrell CL, Inglese J, Thomas CJ, Miller TW. A homogeneous SIRPα-CD47 cell-based, ligand-binding assay: Utility for small molecule drug development in immuno-oncology. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226661. [PMID: 32240171 PMCID: PMC7117682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is an immune checkpoint protein that downregulates both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune response via its counter receptor SIRPα. Biologics, including humanized CD47 monoclonal antibodies and decoy SIRPα receptors, that block the SIRPα-CD47 interaction, are currently being developed as cancer immunotherapy agents. However, adverse side effects and limited penetration of tumor tissue associated with their structure and large size may impede their clinical application. We recently developed a quantitative high throughput screening assay platform to identify small molecules that disrupt the binding of SIRPα and CD47 as an alternative approach to these protein-based therapeutics. Here, we report on the development and optimization of a cell-based binding assay to validate active small molecules from our biochemical screening effort. This assay has a low volume, high capacity homogenous format that relies on laser scanning cytometry (LSC) and associated techniques to enhance signal to noise measurement of cell surface binding. The LSC assay is specific, concentration dependent, and validated for the two major human SIRPα variants (V1 and V2), with results that parallel those of our biochemical data as well as published studies. We also utilized the LSC assay to confirm published studies showing that the inhibition of amino-terminal pyroglutamate formation on CD47 using the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor SEN177 disrupts SIRPα binding. The SIRPα-CD47 interaction could be quantitatively measured in live and fixed tumor cells. Use of fixed cells reduces the burden of cell maintenance and provides stable cell standards to control for inter- and intra-assay variations. We also demonstrate the utility of the assay to characterize the activity of the first reported small molecule antagonists of the SIRPα-CD47 interaction. This assay will support the screening of thousands of compounds to identify or validate active small molecules as hits, develop structure activity relationships and assist in the optimization of hits to leads by a typical iterative medicinal chemistry campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Burgess
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Amason
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Rubin
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Damien Y. Duveau
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laurence Lamy
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - James Inglese
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Studies, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Miller
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Miller TW, Amason JD, Garcin ED, Lamy L, Dranchak PK, Macarthur R, Braisted J, Rubin JS, Burgess TL, Farrell CL, Roberts DD, Inglese J. Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218897. [PMID: 31276567 PMCID: PMC6611588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is an immune checkpoint molecule that downregulates key aspects of both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune response via its counter receptor SIRPα, and it is expressed at high levels in a wide variety of tumor types. This has led to the development of biologics that inhibit SIRPα engagement including humanized CD47 antibodies and a soluble SIRPα decoy receptor that are currently undergoing clinical trials. Unfortunately, toxicological issues, including anemia related to on-target mechanisms, are barriers to their clinical advancement. Another potential issue with large biologics that bind CD47 is perturbation of CD47 signaling through its high-affinity interaction with the matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1). One approach to avoid these shortcomings is to identify and develop small molecule molecular probes and pretherapeutic agents that would (1) selectively target SIRPα or TSP1 interactions with CD47, (2) provide a route to optimize pharmacokinetics, reduce on-target toxicity and maximize tissue penetration, and (3) allow more flexible routes of administration. As the first step toward this goal, we report the development of an automated quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) assay platform capable of screening large diverse drug-like chemical libraries to discover novel small molecules that inhibit CD47-SIRPα interaction. Using time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) and bead-based luminescent oxygen channeling assay formats (AlphaScreen), we developed biochemical assays, optimized their performance, and individually tested them in small-molecule library screening. Based on performance and low false positive rate, the LANCE TR-FRET assay was employed in a ~90,000 compound library qHTS, while the AlphaScreen oxygen channeling assay served as a cross-validation orthogonal assay for follow-up characterization. With this multi-assay strategy, we successfully eliminated compounds that interfered with the assays and identified five compounds that inhibit the CD47-SIRPα interaction; these compounds will be further characterized and later disclosed. Importantly, our results validate the large library qHTS for antagonists of CD47-SIRPα interaction and suggest broad applicability of this approach to screen chemical libraries for other protein-protein interaction modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Miller
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Amason
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elsa D. Garcin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laurence Lamy
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patricia K. Dranchak
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryan Macarthur
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Braisted
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Rubin
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teresa L. Burgess
- Paradigm Shift Therapeutics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Inglese
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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Shantsila E, Montoro-García S, Gallego P, Lip GYH. Circulating microparticles: challenges and perspectives of flow cytometric assessment. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:1009-14. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-11-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SummaryCirculating blood microparticles are likely to play a significant role as messengers of biological information. Their accurate quantification and characterisation is challenging and needs to be carefully designed with preferable usage of fresh minimally-processed blood samples. Utilisation of flow cytometers specifically designed for analysis of small-size particles is likely to provide considerable methodological advantages and should be the preferable option. This viewpoint manuscript provides a critical summary of the key methodological aspects of microparticle analysis.Note: The review process for this viewpoint article was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
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11
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Majety M, Runza V, Lehmann C, Hoves S, Ries CH. A drug development perspective on targeting tumor-associated myeloid cells. FEBS J 2017; 285:763-776. [PMID: 28941174 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, cancer remains a devastating disease and new treatment options are needed. Today cancer is acknowledged as a multifactorial disease not only comprising of aberrant tumor cells but also the associated stroma including tumor vasculature, fibrotic plaques, and immune cells that interact in a complex heterotypic interplay. Myeloid cells represent one of the most abundant immune cell population within the tumor stroma and are equipped with a broad functional repertoire that promotes tumor growth by suppressing cytotoxic T cell activity, stimulating neoangiogenesis and tissue remodeling. Therefore, myeloid cells have become an attractive target for pharmacological intervention. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological approaches to therapeutically target tumor-associated myeloid cells with a focus on advanced programs that are clinically evaluated. In addition, for each therapeutic strategy, the preclinical rationale as well as advantages and challenges from a drug development perspective are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher Majety
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Runza
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoves
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carola H Ries
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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Mourik M, Eikenboom J. Lifecycle of Weibel-Palade bodies. Hamostaseologie 2016; 37:13-24. [PMID: 28004844 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-16-07-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are rod or cigar-shaped secretory organelles that are formed by the vascular endothelium. They contain a diverse set of proteins that either function in haemostasis, inflammation, or angiogenesis. Biogenesis of the WPB occurs at the Golgi apparatus in a process that is dependent on the main component of the WPB, the haemostatic protein von Willebrand Factor (VWF). During this process the organelle is directed towards the regulated secretion pathway by recruiting the machinery that responds to exocytosis stimulating agonists. Upon maturation in the periphery of the cell the WPB recruits Rab27A which regulates WPB secretion. To date several signaling pathways have been found to stimulate WPB release. These signaling pathways can trigger several secretion modes including single WPB release and multigranular exocytosis. In this review we will give an overview of the WPB lifecycle from biogenesis to secretion and we will discuss several deficiencies that affect the WPB lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeroen Eikenboom
- Jeroen Eikenboom, Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, C7-61, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 71 526 4906, E-Mail:
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Abstract
Memory for antigen is a defining feature of adaptive immunity. Antigen-specific lymphocyte populations show an increase in number and function after antigen encounter and more rapidly re-expand upon subsequent antigen exposure. Studies of immune memory have primarily focused on effector B cells and T cells with microbial specificity, using prime-challenge models of infection. However, recent work has also identified persistently expanded populations of antigen-specific regulatory T cells that protect against aberrant immune responses. In this Review, we consider the parallels between memory effector T cells and memory regulatory T cells, along with the functional implications of regulatory memory in autoimmunity, antimicrobial host defence and maternal-fetal tolerance. In addition, we discuss emerging evidence for regulatory T cell memory in humans and key unanswered questions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Abul K Abbas
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Martinez-Torres AC, Quiney C, Attout T, Boullet H, Herbi L, Vela L, Barbier S, Chateau D, Chapiro E, Nguyen-Khac F, Davi F, Le Garff-Tavernier M, Moumné R, Sarfati M, Karoyan P, Merle-Béral H, Launay P, Susin SA. CD47 agonist peptides induce programmed cell death in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells via PLCγ1 activation: evidence from mice and humans. PLoS Med 2015; 12:e1001796. [PMID: 25734483 PMCID: PMC4348493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adulthood leukemia, is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal CD5+ B lymphocytes, which results in a progressive failure of the immune system. Despite intense research efforts, drug resistance remains a major cause of treatment failure in CLL, particularly in patients with dysfunctional TP53. The objective of our work was to identify potential approaches that might overcome CLL drug refractoriness by examining the pro-apoptotic potential of targeting the cell surface receptor CD47 with serum-stable agonist peptides. METHODS AND FINDINGS In peripheral blood samples collected from 80 patients with CLL with positive and adverse prognostic features, we performed in vitro genetic and molecular analyses that demonstrate that the targeting of CD47 with peptides derived from the C-terminal domain of thrombospondin-1 efficiently kills the malignant CLL B cells, including those from high-risk individuals with a dysfunctional TP53 gene, while sparing the normal T and B lymphocytes from the CLL patients. Further studies reveal that the differential response of normal B lymphocytes, collected from 20 healthy donors, and leukemic B cells to CD47 peptide targeting results from the sustained activation in CLL B cells of phospholipase C gamma-1 (PLCγ1), a protein that is significantly over-expressed in CLL. Once phosphorylated at tyrosine 783, PLCγ1 enables a Ca2+-mediated, caspase-independent programmed cell death (PCD) pathway that is not down-modulated by the lymphocyte microenvironment. Accordingly, down-regulation of PLCγ1 or pharmacological inhibition of PLCγ1 phosphorylation abolishes CD47-mediated killing. Additionally, in a CLL-xenograft model developed in NOD/scid gamma mice, we demonstrate that the injection of CD47 agonist peptides reduces tumor burden without inducing anemia or toxicity in blood, liver, or kidney. The limitations of our study are mainly linked to the affinity of the peptides targeting CD47, which might be improved to reach the standard requirements in drug development, and the lack of a CLL animal model that fully mimics the human disease. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides substantial progress in (i) the development of serum-stable CD47 agonist peptides that are highly effective at inducing PCD in CLL, (ii) the understanding of the molecular events regulating a novel PCD pathway that overcomes CLL apoptotic avoidance, (iii) the identification of PLCγ1 as an over-expressed protein in CLL B cells, and (iv) the description of a novel peptide-based strategy against CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD47 Antigen/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Middle Aged
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Phospholipase C gamma/metabolism
- Thrombospondin 1/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Carolina Martinez-Torres
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Claire Quiney
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Attout
- INSERM U1149, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Heloïse Boullet
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UMR 7203 and FR 2769, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7203, Paris, France
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Linda Herbi
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Laura Vela
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Barbier
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Chateau
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Intestine: Nutrition, Barrier, and Diseases Team, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Elise Chapiro
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Davi
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Magali Le Garff-Tavernier
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Roba Moumné
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UMR 7203 and FR 2769, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7203, Paris, France
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Marika Sarfati
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Karoyan
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UMR 7203 and FR 2769, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7203, Paris, France
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Merle-Béral
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Launay
- INSERM U1149, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Santos A. Susin
- Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
Immunologic memory is the adaptive immune system's powerful ability to remember a previous antigen encounter and react with accelerated vigor upon antigen re-exposure. It provides durable protection against reinfection with pathogens and is the foundation for vaccine-induced immunity. Unlike the relatively restricted immunologic purview of memory B cells and CD8 T cells, the field of CD4 T-cell memory must account for multiple distinct lineages with diverse effector functions, the issue of lineage commitment and plasticity, and the variable distribution of memory cells within each lineage. Here, we discuss the evidence for lineage-specific CD4 T-cell memory and summarize the known factors contributing to memory-cell generation, plasticity, and long-term maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gasper
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melba Marie Tejera
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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16
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Schadler KL, Crosby EJ, Zhou AY, Bhang DH, Braunstein L, Baek KH, Crawford D, Crawford A, Angelosanto J, Wherry EJ, Ryeom S. Immunosurveillance by antiangiogenesis: tumor growth arrest by T cell-derived thrombospondin-1. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2171-81. [PMID: 24590059 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy suggest that manipulation of the immune system to enhance the antitumor response may be a highly effective treatment modality. One understudied aspect of immunosurveillance is antiangiogenic surveillance, the regulation of tumor angiogenesis by the immune system, independent of tumor cell lysis. CD4(+) T cells can negatively regulate angiogenesis by secreting antiangiogenic factors such as thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). In tumor-bearing mice, we show that a Th1-directed viral infection that triggers upregulation of TSP-1 in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells can inhibit tumor angiogenesis and suppress tumor growth. Using bone marrow chimeras and adoptive T-cell transfers, we demonstrated that TSP-1 expression in the T-cell compartment was necessary and sufficient to inhibit tumor growth by suppressing tumor angiogenesis after the viral infection. Our results establish that tumorigenesis can be stanched by antiangiogenic surveillance triggered by an acute viral infection, suggesting novel immunologic approaches to achieve antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri L Schadler
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute; Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine; Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Abstract
Brugada syndrome is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome predisposing to sudden cardiac death. Six years after its initial description as a clinical entity, the first mutations in SCN5A encoding the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 were reported. Over 300 mutations in SCN5A have since been described in addition to mutations in genes encoding Nav1.5 auxiliary units, potassium and calcium channels. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genetics of Brugada syndrome, focusing on SCN5A, and discusses its use as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Li
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Magdi M Saba
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elijah R Behr
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
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18
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[New and rare pneumotropic viruses]. PNEUMOLOGE 2013; 10:326-334. [PMID: 32214958 PMCID: PMC7087668 DOI: 10.1007/s10405-013-0675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
While acute viral respiratory tract infections are one of the major reasons for the loss of productivity among the general population in industrialized nations, they are one of the top killers among infants worldwide, in particular in low-income countries. With the advances in molecular diagnostics and the introduction of high-throughput screening techniques a variety of novel, so far unknown viruses have been discovered from respiratory secretions. However, the clinical significance is often difficult to determine. This review article provides an introduction to those novel viruses which have been described since the beginning of the millennium and discusses the clinical relevance in the light of current scientific evidence. The viruses covered by the present review are human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, human coronaviruses OC43, 229E, NL63, HKU1, SARS and MERS, human polyomaviruses KI, MC and WU and human parechoviruses.
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19
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Abstract
Basophils are a rare population of granulocytes that have long been associated with IgE-mediated and Th2-associated allergic diseases. However, the role of basophils in Th17 and/or Th1 diseases has not been reported. In the present study, we report that basophils can be detected in the mucosa of Th17-associated lung and inflammatory bowel disease and accumulate in inflamed colons containing large quantities of IL-33. We also demonstrate that circulating basophils increased memory Th17 responses. Accordingly, IL-3- or IL-33-activated basophils amplified IL-17 release in effector memory T cells (T(EM)), central memory T cells (T(CM)), and CCR6(+) CD4 T cells. More specifically, basophils promoted the emergence of IL-17(+)IFN-γ(-) and IL-17(+)IFN-γ(+), but not IL-17(-)IFN-γ(+) CD4 T cells in T(EM) and T(CM). Mechanistic analysis revealed that the enhancing effect of IL-17 production by basophils in T(EM) involved the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, occurred in a contact-independent manner, and was partially mediated by histamine via H(2) and H(4) histamine receptors. The results of the present study reveal a previously unknown function for basophils in augmenting Th17 and Th17/Th1 cytokine expression in memory CD4 T cells. Because basophils accumulated in inflamed inflammatory bowel disease tissues, we propose that these cells are key players in chronic inflammatory disorders beyond Th2.
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