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Wu Y, Huang Q, Wang J, Dai Y, Xiao M, Li Y, Zhang H, Xiao W. The Feasibility of Targeted Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoagent for Noninvasive IgA Nephropathy Diagnosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:755692. [PMID: 34900958 PMCID: PMC8656216 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.755692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy is the most common glomerular disease in the world and has become a serious threat to human health. Accurate and non-invasive molecular imaging to detect and recognize the IgA nephropathy is critical for the subsequent timely treatment; otherwise, it may progress to end-stage renal disease and lead to glomerular dysfunction. In this study, we have developed a sensitive, specific, and biocompatible integrin αvβ3-targeted superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) for the noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of integrin αvβ3, which is overexpressed in glomerular mesangial region of IgA nephropathy. The rat model of IgA nephropathy was successfully established and verified by biochemical tests and histological staining. Meanwhile, the clinical 18F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2 probe molecule was utilized to visualize and further confirmed the IgA nephropathy in vivo via positron emission computed tomography. Subsequently, the Fe3O4 NPs were conjugated with arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) molecules (Fe3O4-RGD), and their integrin αvβ3-targeted T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) potential has been carefully evaluated. The Fe3O4-RGD demonstrated great relaxation in vivo. The T2WI signal of renal layers in the targeted group at 3 h after intravenous injection of Fe3O4-RGD was distinctly lower than baseline, indicating MRI signal decreased in the established IgA nephropathy rat model. Moreover, the TEM characterization and Prussian blue staining confirmed that the Fe3O4-RGD was located at the region of glomerulus and tubular interstitium. Moreover, no obvious signal decreased was detected in the untargeted Fe3O4 treated and normal groups. Collectively, our results establish the possibility of Fe3O4-RGD serving as a feasible MRI agent for the noninvasive diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Wu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dylewski JF, Tonsawan P, Garcia G, Lewis L, Blaine J. Podocyte-specific knockout of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) results in differential protection depending on the model of glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230401. [PMID: 33370294 PMCID: PMC7769425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes have been proposed to be antigen presenting cells (APCs). In traditional APCs, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is required for antigen presentation and global knockout of FcRn protects against glomerulonephritis. Since podocytes express FcRn, we sought to determine whether the absence of podocyte FcRn ameliorates immune-mediated disease. We examined MHCII and costimulatory markers expression in cultured wild type (WT) and FcRn knockout (KO) podocytes. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) induced MHCII expression in both WT and KO podocytes but did not change CD80 expression. Neither WT nor KO expressed CD86 or inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOSL) at baseline or with IFNγ. Using an antigen presentation assay, WT podocytes but not KO treated with immune complexes induced a modest increase in IL-2. Induction of the anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) model resulted in a significant decrease in glomerular crescents in podocyte-specific FcRn knockout mouse (podFcRn KO) versus controls but the overall percentage of crescents was low. To examine the effects of the podocyte-specific FcRn knockout in a model with a longer autologous phase, we used the nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTS) model. We found that the podFcRn KO mice had significantly reduced crescent formation and glomerulosclerosis compared to control mice. This study demonstrates that lack of podocyte FcRn is protective in immune mediated kidney disease that is dependent on an autologous phase. This study also highlights the difference between the anti-GBM model and NTS model of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Dylewski
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Pantipa Tonsawan
- Division of Nephrology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Gabriela Garcia
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Linda Lewis
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Judith Blaine
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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Li X, Chen H, Liu F, Chen Y, Zhang H, Wang Z. Accurate Monitoring of Renal Injury State through in Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Ferric Coordination Polymer Nanodots. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4918-4923. [PMID: 30221228 PMCID: PMC6130784 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is highly challenging to detect the pathophysiology of the diseased kidneys and achieve precise diagnosis because there are few in vivo noninvasive imaging techniques to quantitatively assess kidney dysfunction. This longstanding challenge is normally attributed to the limited molecular contrast agents which can be addressed with renal clearable nanoprobes. In this report, we demonstrate the use of magnetic resonance imaging along with renal clearable ferric coordination polymer nanodots (Fe-CPNDs) for in vivo monitoring the kidney dysfunction effects following drug (daunomycin)-induced kidney injury. After intravenous injection of Fe-CPNDs, the change of the MR signal in the kidney can be precisely correlated with local pathological lesion which is demonstrated by renal anatomic details and biochemical examinations of urine and blood. This finding opens the door to the possibility of noninvasively assessing kidney dysfunction and local injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Department
of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fuyao Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department
of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department
of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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Zheng X, Zhu X, Lu Y, Zhao J, Feng W, Jia G, Wang F, Li F, Jin D. High-Contrast Visualization of Upconversion Luminescence in Mice Using Time-Gating Approach. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3449-54. [PMID: 26916365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging through the near-infrared (NIR) window provides deep penetration of light up to several centimeters into biological tissues. Capable of emitting 800 nm luminescence under 980 nm illumination, the recently developed upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) suggest a promising optical contrast agent for in vivo bioimaging. However, presently they require high-power lasers to excite when applied to small animals, leading to significant scattering background that limits the detection sensitivity as well as a detrimental thermal effect. In this work, we show that the time-gating approach implementing pulsed illumination from a NIR diode laser and time-delayed imaging synchronized via an optical chopper offers detection sensitivity more than 1 order of magnitude higher than the conventional approach using optical band-pass filters (S/N, 47321/6353 vs 5339/58), when imaging UCNPs injected into Kunming mice. The pulsed laser illumination (70 μs ON in 200 μs period) also reduces the overall thermal accumulation to 35% of that under the continuous-wave mode. Technical details are given on setting up the time-gating unit comprising an optical chopper, a pinhole, and a microscopy eyepiece. Being generally compatible with any camera, this provides a convenient and low cost solution to NIR animal imaging using UCNPs as well as other luminescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zheng
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Xingjun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jiangbo Zhao
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Guohua Jia
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.,Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Dayong Jin
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Zhou S, Wang P, Qiao Y, Ge Y, Wang Y, Quan S, Yao R, Zhuang S, Wang LJ, Du Y, Liu Z, Gong R. Genetic and Pharmacologic Targeting of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Reinforces the Nrf2 Antioxidant Defense against Podocytopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2289-308. [PMID: 26647425 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-dictated nuclear exclusion and degradation of Nrf2 is pivotal in switching off the self-protective antioxidant stress response after injury. Here, we examined the mechanisms underlying this regulation in glomerular disease. In primary podocytes, doxorubicin elicited cell death and actin cytoskeleton disorganization, concomitant with overactivation of GSK3β (the predominant GSK3 isoform expressed in glomerular podocytes) and minimal Nrf2 activation. SB216763, a highly selective small molecule inhibitor of GSK3, exerted a protective effect that depended on the potentiated Nrf2 antioxidant response, marked by increased Nrf2 expression and nuclear accumulation and augmented production of the Nrf2 target heme oxygenase-1. Ectopic expression of the kinase-dead mutant of GSK3β in cultured podocytes reinforced the doxorubicin-induced Nrf2 activation and prevented podocyte injury. Conversely, a constitutively active GSK3β mutant blunted the doxorubicin-induced Nrf2 response and exacerbated podocyte injury, which could be abolished by treatment with SB216763. In murine models of doxorubicin nephropathy or nephrotoxic serum nephritis, genetic targeting of GSK3β by doxycycline-inducible podocyte-specific knockout or pharmacologic targeting by SB216763 significantly attenuated albuminuria and ameliorated histologic signs of podocyte injury, including podocytopenia, loss of podocyte markers, podocyte de novo expression of desmin, and ultrastructural lesions of podocytopathy (such as foot process effacement). This beneficial outcome was likely attributable to an enhanced Nrf2 antioxidant response in glomerular podocytes because the selective Nrf2 antagonist trigonelline abolished the proteinuria-reducing and podocyte-protective effect. Collectively, our results suggest the GSK3β-regulated Nrf2 antioxidant response as a novel therapeutic target for protecting podocytes and treating proteinuric glomerulopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songxia Quan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ricky Yao
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Li Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
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Yi X, Wang F, Qin W, Yang X, Yuan J. Near-infrared fluorescent probes in cancer imaging and therapy: an emerging field. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1347-65. [PMID: 24648733 PMCID: PMC3956734 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is an attractive modality for early cancer detection with high sensitivity and multi-detection capability. Due to convenient modification by conjugating with moieties of interests, NIRF probes are ideal candidates for cancer targeted imaging. Additionally, the combinatory application of NIRF imaging and other imaging modalities that can delineate anatomical structures extends fluorometric determination of biomedical information. Moreover, nanoparticles loaded with NIRF dyes and anticancer agents contribute to the synergistic management of cancer, which integrates the advantage of imaging and therapeutic functions to achieve the ultimate goal of simultaneous diagnosis and treatment. Appropriate probe design with targeting moieties can retain the original properties of NIRF and pharmacokinetics. In recent years, great efforts have been made to develop new NIRF probes with better photostability and strong fluorescence emission, leading to the discovery of numerous novel NIRF probes with fine photophysical properties. Some of these probes exhibit tumoricidal activities upon light radiation, which holds great promise in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and photoimmunotherapy. This review aims to provide a timely and concise update on emerging NIRF dyes and multifunctional agents. Their potential uses as agents for cancer specific imaging, lymph node mapping, and therapeutics are included. Recent advances of NIRF dyes in clinical use are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yi
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Hao G, Du Y, Zhou XJ, Guo J, Sun X, Mohan C, Öz OK. Serial non-invasive assessment of antibody induced nephritis in mice using positron emission tomography. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57418. [PMID: 23460853 PMCID: PMC3584026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) nephritis provide an analytical tool for studying spontaneous lupus nephritis. The potential of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was evaluated using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) as a probe to monitor the progression of anti-GBM induced nephritis in a mouse model. The imaging results were compared to conventional measures of renal function and pathological changes. Serum and urinary vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were used as measures of endothelial cell activation and inflammation. Following a challenge with anti-glomerular antibodies, mice exhibited peak changes in serum creatinine, proteinuria, and glomerulonephritis score at 14 days post-challenge (p.c.). In contrast, VCAM levels peaked at day 7 p.c. On dynamic PET images (0–60 min) of day 7, kidneys of the anti-GBM nephritis mice demonstrated a unique pattern of FDG uptake. Compared to the time activity curve (TAC) prior to challenge, a rightward shift was observed after the challenge. By day 10 p.c., kidney FDG uptake was lower than baseline and remained so until the study ended at 21 days p.c. During this time frame measures of renal dysfunction remained high but VCAM-1 levels declined. These changes were accompanied by an increase in kidney volume as measured by Computed Tomography (CT) and intra-abdominal fluid collection. Our results suggest that FDG-PET-CT can be used as a non-invasive imaging tool to longitudinally monitor the progression of renal disease activity in antibody mediated nephritis and the magnitude of renal FDG retention correlates better with early markers of renal inflammation than renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Hao
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yong Du
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xin J. Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jianfei Guo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OKO); (CM); (XS)
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OKO); (CM); (XS)
| | - Orhan K. Öz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OKO); (CM); (XS)
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