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Vinayamohan PG, Locke SR, Portillo-Gonzalez R, Renaud DL, Habing GG. Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Surplus Dairy Calf Production Systems. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1652. [PMID: 36014070 PMCID: PMC9413162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surplus calves, which consist predominately of male calves born on dairy farms, are an underrecognized source of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens. Current production systems for surplus calves have important risk factors for the dissemination of pathogens, including the high degree of commingling during auction and transportation and sometimes inadequate care early in life. These circumstances contribute to an increased risk of respiratory and other infectious diseases, resulting in higher antimicrobial use (AMU) and the development of AMR. Several studies have shown that surplus calves harbor AMR genes and pathogens that are resistant to critically important antimicrobials. This is a potential concern as the resistant pathogens and genes can be shared between animal, human and environmental microbiomes. Although knowledge of AMU and AMR has grown substantially in dairy and beef cattle systems, comparable studies in surplus calves have been mostly neglected in North America. Therefore, the overall goal of this narrative review is to summarize the existing literature regarding AMU and AMR in surplus dairy calf production, highlight the management practices contributing to the increased AMU and the resulting AMR, and discuss potential strategies and barriers for improved antimicrobial stewardship in surplus calf production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam G. Vinayamohan
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Samantha R. Locke
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rafael Portillo-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David L. Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gregory G. Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Pempek J, Masterson M, Portillo-Gonzalez R, Creutzinger K, Cheng TY, Habing G. The Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Training on Calf Producers’ Knowledge, Treatment Behaviors and Quantified Antimicrobial Use. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081525. [PMID: 36013943 PMCID: PMC9414057 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The judicious use of antimicrobials on farms is necessary to mitigate the development of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens that compromise human and animal health. On livestock farms, veterinarians prescribe and dispense antimicrobials, but producers use rapid judgements of disease severity to make routine decisions on the initiation of empirical antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, the knowledge and skills required to accurately diagnose treatable bacterial infections is necessary for optimal antimicrobial stewardship. Veal calves often undergo stressors and environmental exposures that increase calves’ risk of bacterial infections, and antimicrobials are sometimes necessary to ensure their health. The objective of this trial was to measure the impact of antimicrobial stewardship training on calf producers’ knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship, accuracy of identifying calves for treatment, and quantified antimicrobial use. Eight farms were evenly allocated into either intervention or control groups. Training resulted in both higher scores on assessments and higher sensitivity for detecting cases that required antimicrobial therapy relative to a veterinarian. Importantly, there was a 50% reduction in the antimicrobial dosing rate among intervention farms relative to control farms. Antimicrobial stewardship training among calf producers was effective at changing producers’ behaviors and reducing antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pempek
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Martey Masterson
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.M.); (R.P.-G.); (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Rafael Portillo-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.M.); (R.P.-G.); (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Kate Creutzinger
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA;
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.M.); (R.P.-G.); (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Greg Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.M.); (R.P.-G.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Taviani E, Muchongo A, Kim SW, Van Kessel JAS, Haley BJ. Genomic Analysis of Antibiotic-Resistant and -Susceptible Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovine Sources in Maputo, Mozambique. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:426-435. [PMID: 33978455 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports a genomic analysis of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from 25 bovine fecal composite samples collected from four different production units in Maputo city and around Maputo Province, Mozambique. The genomes were analyzed to determine the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), genetic relatedness, and virulence factors known to cause diseases in humans. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on 28 isolates using an Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencing platform. The genomes were analyzed using BLASTN for the presence of resistance genes and virulence factors, as well as to determine their phylogenetic groups, sequence types (ST), and ST complexes (ST Cplxs). The majority of the isolates (85%) were identified as members of phylogenetic groups B1, with fewer isolates identified as members of group A, and a single isolate identified as group "E/Clade I." The ST analysis demonstrated a higher level of diversity than the phylogenetic group analysis. Sixteen different STs, five ST Cplxs, and seven singleton complexes were identified. A strain identified as a novel ST (ST9215) showed a high level of similarity with an isolate recovered from a wild animal in the Gambia. Seven different ARGs were identified, with tet(B) being the most frequently detected, followed by aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, sul2, blaTEM-1B, and dfrA1. Three isolates encoded β-lactam-conferring point mutations in the ampC promoter (-42C>T). In total, 51 different virulence factors were identified among the genomes. This study demonstrates that E. coli from bovine sources in Mozambique encoded multiple antibiotic resistance elements, plasmids, and virulence factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genomic description of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolated from bovine sources in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Taviani
- Center of Biotechnology, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arsenio Muchongo
- Center of Biotechnology, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradd J Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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Massot M, Haenni M, Nguyen TT, Madec JY, Mentré F, Denamur E. Temporal dynamics of the fecal microbiota in veal calves in a 6-month field trial. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:32. [PMID: 33499974 PMCID: PMC7807794 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about maturation of calves' gut microbiome in veal farms, in which animals are confined under intensive-farming conditions and the administration of collective antibiotic treatment in feed is common. We conducted a field study on 45 calves starting seven days after their arrival in three veal farms. We collected monthly fecal samples over six months and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR of Escherichia coli to follow the dynamics of their microbiota, including that of their commensal E. coli populations. We used mixed-effect models to characterize the dynamics of α-diversity indices and numbers of E. coli, and searched for an effect of collective antibiotic treatments on the estimated parameters. On two farms, we also searched for associations between recommended daily doses of milk powder and bacterial abundance. RESULTS There was high heterogeneity between calves' microbiota upon their arrival at the farms, followed by an increase in similarity, starting at the first month. From the second month, 16 genera were detected at each sampling in all calves, representing 67.5% (± 9.9) of their microbiota. Shannon diversity index showed a two-phase increase, an inflection occurring at the end of the first month. Calves receiving antibiotics had a lower intercept estimate for Shannon index (- 0.17 CI95%[-0.27; - -0.06], p = 0.003) and a smaller number of E. coli/ gram of feces during the treatment and in the 15 days following it (- 0.37 log10 (E. coli/g) CI95%[- 0.66; - 0.08], p = 0.01) than unexposed calves. There were moderate to strong positive associations between the dose of milk powder and the relative abundances of the genera Megasphaera, Enterococcus, Dialister and Mitsuokella, and the number of E. coli (rs ≥ 0.40; Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This observational study shows early convergence of the developing microbiota between veal calves and associations between the dose of milk powder and members of their microbiota. It suggests that administration of collective antibiotic treatment results in a reduction of microbial diversity and size of the E. coli population and highlights the need for additional work to fully understand the impact of antibiotic treatment in the veal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méril Massot
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - France Mentré
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Département d’Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, Site Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, F-75018 Paris, France
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Hanon JB, Jaspers S, Butaye P, Wattiau P, Méroc E, Aerts M, Imberechts H, Vermeersch K, Van der Stede Y. A trend analysis of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from several livestock species in Belgium (2011-2014). Prev Vet Med 2015; 122:443-52. [PMID: 26423778 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A temporal trend analysis was performed on antimicrobial resistance data collected over 4 consecutive years (2011-2014) in the official Belgian antimicrobial resistance monitoring programme. Commensal Escherichia coli strains were isolated from faecal samples of four livestock categories (veal calves, young beef cattle, broiler chickens and slaughter pigs) and the trends of resistance profiles were analysed. The resistance prevalence remained high (>50%) during the study period for ampicillin in veal calves and chickens, for ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid in chickens, for sulfamethoxazole in veal calves, chickens and pigs and for tetracycline in veal calves. Using logistic regression and Generalized Estimating Equation and after p value adjustment for multiple testing (Linear step-up method), statistically significant decreasing temporal trends were observed for several of the 11 tested antimicrobials in several livestock categories: in veal calves (10/11), in chickens (6/11) and in pigs (5/11). A significant increasing trend was observed for the prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin in chickens. Multi-resistance, considered as the resistance to at least three antimicrobials of different antibiotic classes, was observed in the four livestock categories but was significantly decreasing in veal calves, chickens and pigs. Overall, the prevalence of resistance and of multi-resistance was lowest in the beef cattle livestock category and highest in broiler chickens. These decreasing temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance might be due to a decrease of the total antimicrobial consumption for veterinary use in Belgium which was reported for the period between 2010 and 2013. The methodology and statistical tools developed in this study provide outputs which can detect shifts in resistance levels or resistance trends associated with particular antimicrobial classes and livestock categories. Such outputs can be used as objective evidence to evaluate the possible efficacy of measures taken by animal health authorities and stakeholders in the livestock sector to limit antimicrobial resistance occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Hanon
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Stijn Jaspers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Ross University, Department of Biosciences, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Pierre Wattiau
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Estelle Méroc
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Aerts
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hein Imberechts
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katie Vermeersch
- Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC), Food Safety Centre, Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 55, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Van der Stede
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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BOSMAN AB, WAGENAAR JA, STEGEMAN JA, VERNOOIJ JCM, MEVIUS DJ. Antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli in veal calves is associated with antimicrobial drug use. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 142:1893-904. [PMID: 24152540 PMCID: PMC9151215 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813002665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the association between farm management factors, including antimicrobial drug usage, and resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from the faeces of white veal calves. Ninety E. coli isolates from one pooled sample per farm (n = 48) were tested for their phenotypical resistance against amoxicillin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Logistic regression analysis revealed the following risk factors (P < 0·05); farmer wearing the same work clothes for several days [ciprofloxacin, odds ratio (OR) 2·6; tetracycline, OR 2·4], administration of trimethoprim-sulfonamide combinations (TMP/SMX, OR 3·0; amoxicillin, OR 3·1; tetracycline, OR 2·6), ⩾0·3 animal daily dosage per production cycle (ADD/pc), quinolones (ciprofloxacin, OR 2·8), ⩾1·3 ADD/pc, penicillins (ciprofloxacin, OR 3·3; tetracycline, OR 3·4), 20-40 ADD/pc, tetracyclines (tetracycline, OR 3·2) and >40 ADD/pc, tetracyclines (tetracycline, OR 13·1; amoxicillin, OR 6·5). In this study antimicrobial resistance in commensal E. coli was mainly associated with antimicrobial drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. BOSMAN
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. WAGENAAR
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. STEGEMAN
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Department of Farm Animal Health, The Netherlands
| | - J. C. M. VERNOOIJ
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Department of Farm Animal Health, The Netherlands
| | - D. J. MEVIUS
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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