1
|
Lecaille F, Chazeirat T, Saidi A, Lalmanach G. Cathepsin V: Molecular characteristics and significance in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101086. [PMID: 35305807 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human cysteine cathepsins form a family of eleven proteases (B, C, F, H, K, L, O, S, V, W, X/Z) that play important roles in a considerable number of biological and pathophysiological processes. Among them, cathepsin V, also known as cathepsin L2, is a lysosomal enzyme, which is mainly expressed in cornea, thymus, heart, brain, and skin. Cathepsin V is a multifunctional endopeptidase that is involved in both the release of antigenic peptides and the maturation of MHC class II molecules and participates in the turnover of elastin fibrils as well in the cleavage of intra- and extra-cellular substrates. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that cathepsin V may contribute to the progression of diverse diseases, due to the dysregulation of its expression and/or its activity. For instance, increased expression of cathepsin V is closely correlated with malignancies (breast cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, or colorectal cancer) as well vascular disorders (atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, hypertension) being the most prominent examples. This review aims to shed light on current knowledge on molecular aspects of cathepsin V (genomic organization, protein structure, substrate specificity), its regulation by protein and non-protein inhibitors as well to summarize its expression (tissue and cellular distribution). Then the core biological and pathophysiological roles of cathepsin V will be depicted, raising the question of its interest as a valuable target that can open up pioneering therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes protéolytiques dans l'inflammation", Tours, France.
| | - Thibault Chazeirat
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes protéolytiques dans l'inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes protéolytiques dans l'inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes protéolytiques dans l'inflammation", Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mitrović A, Senjor E, Jukić M, Bolčina L, Prunk M, Proj M, Nanut MP, Gobec S, Kos J. New inhibitors of cathepsin V impair tumor cell proliferation and elastin degradation and increase immune cell cytotoxicity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4667-4687. [PMID: 36147668 PMCID: PMC9459403 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel potent inhibitors of lysosomal cysteine peptidase cathepsin V. New inhibitors of cathepsin V demonstrated antitumor activity. They impair tumor cell proliferation and elastase degradation and increase immune cell cytotoxicity. Cathepsin V inhibitor impaired conversion of immunosuppressive factor cystatin F to its active monomeric form.
Cathepsin V is a human lysosomal cysteine peptidase with specific functions during pathological processes and is as such a promising therapeutic target. Peptidase inhibitors represent powerful pharmacological tools for regulating excessive proteolytic activity in various diseases. Cathepsin V is highly related to cathepsin L but differs in tissue distribution, binding site morphology, substrate specificity, and function. To validate its therapeutic potential and extend the number of potent and selective cathepsin V inhibitors, we used virtual high-throughput screening of commercially available compound libraries followed by an evaluation of kinetic properties to identify novel potent and selective cathepsin V inhibitors. We identified the ureido methylpiperidine carboxylate derivative, compound 7, as a reversible, selective, and potent inhibitor of cathepsin V. It also exhibited the most preferable characteristics for further evaluation with in vitro functional assays that simulate the processes in which cathepsin V is known to play an important role. Compound 7 exerted significant effects on cell proliferation, elastin degradation, and immune cell cytotoxicity. The latter was increased because compound 7 impaired conversion of immunosuppressive factor cystatin F to its active monomeric form. Taken together, our results present novel potent inhibitors of cathepsin V and provide new hit compounds for detailed development and optimization. Further, we demonstrate that cathepsin V is a potential target for new approaches to cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mitrović
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Emanuela Senjor
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lara Bolčina
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Prunk
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matic Proj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Hashimi A, Venugopalan V, Sereesongsaeng N, Tedelind S, Pinzaru AM, Hein Z, Springer S, Weber E, Führer D, Scott CJ, Burden RE, Brix K. Significance of nuclear cathepsin V in normal thyroid epithelial and carcinoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118846. [PMID: 32910988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression and/or localization of cysteine cathepsins is believed to involve in thyroid diseases including cancer. Here, we examined the localization of cathepsins B and V in human thyroid tissue sections of different pathological conditions by immunolabeling and morphometry. Cathepsin B was mostly found within endo-lysosomes as expected. In contrast, cathepsin V was detected within nuclei, predominantly in cells of cold nodules, follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue, while it was less often detected in this unusual localization in hot nodules and goiter tissue. To understand the significance of nuclear cathepsin V in thyroid cells, this study aimed to establish a cellular model of stable nuclear cathepsin V expression. As representative of a specific form lacking the signal peptide and part of the propeptide, N-terminally truncated cathepsin V fused to eGFP recapitulated the nuclear localization of endogenous cathepsin V throughout the cell cycle in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Interestingly, the N-terminally truncated cathepsin V-eGFP was more abundant in the nuclei during S phase. These findings suggested a possible contribution of nuclear cathepsin V forms to cell cycle progression. Indeed, we found that N-terminally truncated cathepsin V-eGFP expressing cells were more proliferative than those expressing full-length cathepsin V-eGFP or wild type controls. We conclude that a specific molecular form of cathepsin V localizes to the nucleus of thyroid epithelial and carcinoma cells, where it might involve in deregulated pathways leading to hyperproliferation. These findings highlight the necessity to better understand cathepsin trafficking in health and disease. In particular, cell type specificity of mislocalization of cysteine cathepsins, which otherwise act in a functionally redundant manner, seems to be important to understand their non-canonical roles in cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Al-Hashimi
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Vaishnavi Venugopalan
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Sofia Tedelind
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alexandra M Pinzaru
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Zeynep Hein
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Springer
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Weber
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, D-06114 Halle-Saale, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR), Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, Hufeland Strasse 55, D-45177 Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Roberta E Burden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Klaudia Brix
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jing J, Wang S, Ma J, Yu L, Zhou H. Elevated CTSL2 expression is associated with an adverse prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4035-4043. [PMID: 31949793 PMCID: PMC6962798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cathepsin V, also known as CTSL2, plays an important role in tumor development and progression. This study was designed to investigate the clinical significance of CTSL2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the relationship between CTSL2 expression and prognosis. METHODS Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to determine the levels of CTSL2 mRNA and protein, respectively, in tumor tissue and matched non-tumor (NT) tissue. Moreover, the relationship between CTSL2 expression and hepatocellular carcinoma's clinicopathological features and survival was evaluated in HCC tissue. RESULTS The levels of CTSL2 mRNA and protein were increased in HCC tissue. Moreover, for HCC patients, a high level of CTSL2 protein was significantly correlated with tumor number (P = 0.008), pathological grade (P = 0.001), vascular invasion (P = 0.001), T (P = 0.001), and TNM stage (P = 0.006). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that elevated CTSL2 expression was correlated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a multivariate analysis showed that CTSL2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.032) and OS (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION This study showed that abnormal CTSL2 expression may contribute to HCC progression and that elevated CTSL2 expression is associated with an adverse prognosis in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Jing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jurong People's Hospital Affliated to Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuncai Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jurong People's Hospital Affliated to Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiuming Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jurong People's Hospital Affliated to Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laqing Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jurong People's Hospital Affliated to Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jurong People's Hospital Affliated to Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Transcriptome modeling and phenotypic assays for cancer precision medicine. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:906-914. [PMID: 28766239 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer precision medicine requires clinically actionable biomarkers for patient stratification and a better prediction of clinical outcome. Although thousands of cancer-enriched mutated genes have been reported by global sequencing projects, to date, only a few oncogenic mutations have been confirmed as effective biomarkers in cancer therapies. The low frequency and varied profile (i.e., allele frequency, mutation position) of mutant genes among cancer types limit the utility of predictive biomarkers. The recent explosion of cancer transcriptome and phenotypic screening data provides another opportunity for finding transcript-level biomarkers and targets, thus overcoming the limitation of cancer mutation analyses. Technological developments enable the rapid and extensive discovery of potential target-biomarker combinations from large-scale transcriptome-level screening combined with physiologically relevant phenotypic assays. Here, we summarized recent progress as well as discussed the outlook of transcriptome-oriented data mining strategies and phenotypic assays for the identification of non-genetic biomarkers and targets in cancer drug discovery.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohr SE, Smith JA, Shamu CE, Neumüller RA, Perrimon N. RNAi screening comes of age: improved techniques and complementary approaches. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:591-600. [PMID: 25145850 PMCID: PMC4204798 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing through sequence-specific targeting of mRNAs by RNAi has enabled genome-wide functional screens in cultured cells and in vivo in model organisms. These screens have resulted in the identification of new cellular pathways and potential drug targets. Considerable progress has been made to improve the quality of RNAi screen data through the development of new experimental and bioinformatics approaches. The recent availability of genome-editing strategies, such as the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 system, when combined with RNAi, could lead to further improvements in screen data quality and follow-up experiments, thus promoting our understanding of gene function and gene regulatory networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Mohr
- 1] Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- ICCB-Longwood Screening Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline E Shamu
- ICCB-Longwood Screening Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA
| | - Ralph A Neumüller
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- 1] Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|