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Shavit E, Menascu S, Achiron A, Gurevich M. Age-related blood transcriptional regulators affect disease progression in pediatric multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105953. [PMID: 36493973 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis patients (POMS) are defined as multiple sclerosis with an onset before the age of 18 years. Compared to adult onset multiple sclerosis (AOMS), POMS has more severe disease activity at onset, but better recovery. Little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible for the differences in the clinical presentations. METHODS Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells samples were taken from 22 POMS patients (mean age 14.1 ± 2.4 years, 15 females, 7 male), and 16 AOMS patients, (mean age 30.8 ± 6.1 years,10 females, 6 males), and gene-expression were analyzed using Affymetrix Inc. HU-133-A2 microarrays. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) that significantly distinguished between POMS and AOMS with pvalue <0.05 after false discovery rate correction were evaluated using Partek software. Twenty-one matched age and gender control was applied to clarify age-related changes. Clinical assessment was performed by analysis of expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and brain MRI lesion loads. Gene functional analysis was performed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. RESULTS Compared to AOMS, POMS had higher EDSS (3.0 IQR 2.0-3.0 and 2.0 IQR 2.0-3.0, p = 0.005), volume of T1 (2.72 mm3, IQR 0.44-8.39 mm3 and 0.5 mm3 IQR 0-1.29 mm3 respectively, p = 0.04) and T2 (3.70 mm3, IQR 1.3-9.6 and 0.96 mm3, IQR 0.24-4.63 respectively, p = 0.02) brain MRI lesions. The POMS transcriptional profile was characterized by 551 DEGs, enriched by cell cycling, B lymphocyte signaling and senescent pathways (p < 0.02). Of these, 183 DEGs significantly correlated with T2 lesions volume. The POMS MRI correlated DEGs (n = 183) and their upstream regulators (n = 718) has overlapped with age related DEGs obtained from healthy subjects (n = 497). This evaluated common DEGs (n = 29) defined as POMS age-related regulators, suggesting to promote effect on disease severity. CONCLUSION Our finding of higher transcriptional levels of genes involved in cell cycle, cell migration and B cell proliferation that promoted by transcriptional level of age-associated genes and transcription factors allows better understanding of the more aggressive clinical course that defines the POMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Shavit
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Arrow project for medical research education, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Shay Menascu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Anat Achiron
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Cappelletti C, Eriksson A, Brorson IS, Leikfoss IS, Kråbøl O, Høgestøl EA, Vitelli V, Mjaavatten O, Harbo HF, Berven F, Bos SD, Berge T. Quantitative proteomics reveals protein dysregulation during T cell activation in multiple sclerosis patients compared to healthy controls. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:23. [PMID: 35790914 PMCID: PMC9254507 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disorder with a strong genetic component that acts in a complex interaction with environmental factors for disease development. CD4+ T cells are pivotal players in MS pathogenesis, where peripherally activated T cells migrate to the central nervous system leading to demyelination and axonal degeneration. Through a proteomic approach, we aim at identifying dysregulated pathways in activated T cells from MS patients as compared to healthy controls. Methods CD4+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood from MS patients and healthy controls by magnetic separation. Cells were left unstimulated or stimulated in vitro through the TCR and costimulatory CD28 receptor for 24 h prior to sampling. Electrospray liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure protein abundances. Results Upon T cell activation the abundance of 1801 proteins was changed. Among these proteins, we observed an enrichment of proteins expressed by MS-susceptibility genes. When comparing protein abundances in T cell samples from healthy controls and MS patients, 18 and 33 proteins were differentially expressed in unstimulated and stimulated CD4+ T cells, respectively. Moreover, 353 and 304 proteins were identified as proteins exclusively induced upon T cell activation in healthy controls and MS patients, respectively and dysregulation of the Nur77 pathway was observed only in samples from MS patients. Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of CD4+ T cell activation for MS, as proteins that change in abundance upon T cell activation are enriched for proteins encoded by MS susceptibility genes. The results provide evidence for proteomic disturbances in T cell activation in MS, and pinpoint to dysregulation of the Nur77 pathway, a biological pathway known to limit aberrant effector T cell responses.
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3
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Identification of Novel Key Genes and Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis Based on Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis and Long Noncoding RNA-Associated Competing Endogenous RNA Network. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9328160. [PMID: 35281467 PMCID: PMC8915924 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9328160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by chronic inflammation and demyelination. This study is aimed at identifying crucial genes and molecular pathways involved in MS pathogenesis. Methods Raw data in GSE52139 were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The top 50% expression variants were subjected to weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the key module associated with MS occurrence was identified. A long noncoding RNA- (lncRNA-) associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed in the key module. The hub gene candidates were subsequently verified in an individual database. Results Of the 18 modules obtained, the cyan module was designated as the key module. The established ceRNA network was composed of seven lncRNAs, 45 mRNAs, and 21 microRNAs (miRNAs), and the FAM13A-AS1 was the lncRNA with the highest centrality. Functional assessments indicated that the genes in the cyan module primarily gathered in ribosome-related functional terms. Interestingly, the targeted mRNAs of the ceRNA network enriched in diverse categories. Moreover, highly expressed CYBRD1, GNG12, and SMAD1, which were identified as hub genes, may be associated with “valine leucine and isoleucine degradation,” “base excision repair,” and “fatty acid metabolism,” respectively, according to the results of single gene-based genomes and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Conclusions Combined with the WGCNA and ceRNA network, our findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of MS. The hub genes discovered herein might also serve as novel biomarkers that correlate with the development and management of MS.
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Turkoglu R, Yilmaz V, Ozdemir O, Akbayir E, Benbir G, Arsoy E, Sen M, Ulusoy C, Ozyurt S, Balic N, Sanli E, Kucukali CI, Karadeniz D, Tuzun E. Peripheral blood B cell subset ratios and expression levels of B cell-associated genes are altered in benign multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 52:103019. [PMID: 34020389 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between the immune system, sleep dysfunction and cognitive impairment participates in the progression of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aim was to identify molecular pathways and B cell associated with separate components of MS disability. Benign MS, non-benign MS patients and healthy controls were recruited. Patients underwent polysomnography and cognitive studies. Microarray and bioinformatics analysis performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples identified B cell-associated genes with the most significantly altered expression. Expression levels of these genes were validated by real-time PCR and peripheral blood cell subsets were examined by flow cytometry. Putative correlations among clinical and laboratory parameters were investigated by correlation network analysis. Sleep and cognitive functions were equally impaired in BMS and NBMS. BMS patients showed significantly reduced memory B cell and increased regulatory B cell percentages than NBMS patients. Among genes that were selected by bioinformatics, levels of BLK, BLNK, BANK1, FCRL2, TGFB1 and KCNS3 genes were significantly different among study subgroups. Correlation network analysis showed associations among physical-cognitive disability and sleep dysfunction measures of MS versus expression levels of selected genes. BMS and NBMS differ by physical disability but not cognitive and sleep dysfunction. Different components of disability in MS are associated with peripheral blood B cell ratios and B cell related gene expression levels. Thus, it is likely that altered B cell functions participate in the progression of disability in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recai Turkoglu
- Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Yilmaz
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Ozdemir
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Akbayir
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Benbir
- Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdil Arsoy
- Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Sen
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Ulusoy
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Ozyurt
- Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Balic
- Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Sanli
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Ismail Kucukali
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Karadeniz
- Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tuzun
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Brorson IS, Eriksson AM, Leikfoss IS, Vitelli V, Celius EG, Lüders T, Berge T, Harbo HF, Nilsen H, Bos SD. CD8 + T cell gene expression analysis identifies differentially expressed genes between multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2020; 6:2055217320978511. [PMID: 33343920 PMCID: PMC7731718 DOI: 10.1177/2055217320978511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic and clinical observations have indicated T cells are involved in MS pathology. There is little insight in how T cells are involved and whether or not these can be used as markers for MS. Objectives Analysis of the gene expression profiles of circulating CD8+ T cells of MS patients compared to healthy controls. Methods RNA from purified CD8+ T cells was sequenced and analyzed for differential gene expression. Pathway analyses of genes at several p-value cutoffs were performed to identify putative pathways involved. Results We identified 36 genes with significant differential gene expression in MS patients. Four genes reached at least 2-fold differences in expression. The majority of differentially expressed genes was higher expressed in MS patients. Genes associated to MS in GWAS showed enrichment amongst the differentially expressed genes. We did not identify enrichment of specific pathways amongst the differentially expressed genes in MS patients. Conclusions CD8+ T cells of MS patients show differential gene expression, with predominantly higher activity of genes in MS patients. We do not identify specific biological pathways in our study. More detailed analysis of CD8+ T cells and subtypes of these may increase understanding of how T cells are involved in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - IS Leikfoss
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - V Vitelli
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - EG Celius
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Lüders
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Berge
- Department of Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - HF Harbo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - SD Bos
- Oslo Universitetssykehus, Nevrologisk avdeling, DMII, Rom L-265, Gaustadalleen 34, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
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Zilkha-Falb R, Rachutin-Zalogin T, Cleaver L, Gurevich M, Achiron A. RAM-589.555 favors neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory profile of CNS-resident glial cells in acute relapse EAE affected mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:313. [PMID: 33081798 PMCID: PMC7576835 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting RNA polymerase-1 (POL1) machinery is a new strategy for suppression of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse activity. Oral administration of POL1 inhibitor RAM-589.555, which is characterized by high permeability and bioavailability in naïve mice, ameliorates proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by suppressing activated autoreactive lymphocytes. We assessed the accessibility of RAM-589.555 to the central nervous system (CNS) of EAE-mice and further investigated its immunomodulatory effects on CNS-resident astro- and micro-glial cells in-vitro and in-vivo. Methods Effects of RAM-589.555 on activated microglia and astrocyte viability, proliferation, and secretion of neurotrophic factors were assessed in-vitro. The pharmacokinetic of RAM-589.555 was evaluated in the blood and central nervous system (CNS) of EAE-affected mice. High-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry was applied to characterize the effect of RAM-589.555 on EAE-affected mice’s CNS-resident micro- and astroglial cells and CNS-infiltrating immune cells, which were obtained seven days after RAM-589.555 administration at EAE onset. Simultaneously, the expression level of pre-rRNA, the POL1 end product, was assessed in blood cells, microglia, and astrocytes to monitor RAM-589.555 effects. Results RAM-589.555 demonstrated blood and CNS permeability in EAE mice. In-vitro, incubation with 400 nM of RAM-589.555 significantly reduced viability and proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia by 70% and 45% (p < 0.05), respectively, while tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-activated astrocytes were not affected. The secretion of neurotrophic factors was preserved. Furthermore, 7 days after administration of RAM-589.555 at EAE onset, the level of pre-rRNA transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was decreased by 38.6% (p = 0.02), while levels of pre-rRNA transcript in microglia and astrocytes remained unchanged. The high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry analysis showed decreased percentages of CNS-resident microglia and astrocytes, diminished pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, TNFα, and IFNγ), and an increase of their anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and TGFβ) in RAM-589.555-treated compared to vehicle-treated mice (p < 0.05). Conclusions These data correlate RAM-589.555-induced clinical amelioration and its CNS-permeability to decreased CNS-inflammation, and decreased micro- and astrogliosis, while restoring micro- and astroglial anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Zilkha-Falb
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | | | - Lakota Cleaver
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anat Achiron
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Pellegrino M, Traversi G, Arena A, Cappa M, Rosado MM, Andreani M, Delfino DV, Moretti F, Fierabracci A. Effect of p53 activation through targeting MDM2/MDM4 heterodimer on T regulatory and effector cells in the peripheral blood of Type 1 diabetes patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228296. [PMID: 31995625 PMCID: PMC6988923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various immunotherapies for the treatment of type 1 diabetes are currently under investigation. Some of these aim to rescue the remaining beta cells from autoimmune attack caused by the disease. Among the strategies employed, p53 has been envisaged as a possible target for immunomodulation. We studied the possible effect of p53 activation on Treg subsets and Treg/Teff balance in type 1 diabetes patients' PBMC. Upon p53 activation, we observed an increase in CD8+ Treg and activated CD8+ Teff whilst CD8+ Teff cells significantly decreased in healthy PBMC when stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28. No effect was detected on percentages of CD4+ Treg, while a reduction was seen in CD4+ Teff cells and an increase in activated CD4+ Teff cells. In patients' PBMC, upon p53 activation followed by 6 days of anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation, CD8+ Treg and activated CD8+ Teff were increased while CD8+ Teff were decreased. No differences were detected in the CD4+ counterparts. CD8+ Teff PD1+, CD8+ Teff PD1low were increased upon p53 activation in type 1 diabetics compared to controls while CD8+ Teff PD1high were increased in both groups. The same increased percentages were detected for CD4+ counterparts. CD4+ Treg PD1high cells were decreased in diabetics upon p53 activation at day 6 of anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation. In conclusion, a Teff dysregulation is observed upon p53 activation suggesting that molecules promoting p53 cannot be used for therapy in type 1 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Pellegrino
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Traversi
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Endocrinology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Manuela Rosado
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Andreani
- Transplantation Immunogenetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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8
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Brorson IS, Eriksson A, Leikfoss IS, Celius EG, Berg-Hansen P, Barcellos LF, Berge T, Harbo HF, Bos SD. No differential gene expression for CD4 + T cells of MS patients and healthy controls. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2019; 5:2055217319856903. [PMID: 31223483 PMCID: PMC6566490 DOI: 10.1177/2055217319856903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis-associated genetic variants indicate that the adaptive immune system plays an important role in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. It is currently not well understood how these multiple sclerosis-associated genetic variants contribute to multiple sclerosis risk. CD4+ T cells are suggested to be involved in multiple sclerosis disease processes. OBJECTIVE We aim to identify CD4+ T cell differential gene expression between multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls in order to understand better the role of these cells in multiple sclerosis. METHODS We applied RNA sequencing on CD4+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls. RESULTS We did not identify significantly differentially expressed genes in CD4+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients. Furthermore, pathway analyses did not identify enrichment for specific pathways in multiple sclerosis. When we investigated genes near multiple sclerosis-associated genetic variants, we did not observe significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION We conclude that CD4+ T cells from multiple sclerosis patients do not show significant differential gene expression. Therefore, gene expression studies of all circulating CD4+ T cells may not result in viable biomarkers. Gene expression studies of more specific subsets of CD4+ T cells remain justified to understand better which CD4+ T cell subsets contribute to multiple sclerosis pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina S Brorson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Anna Eriksson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ingvild S Leikfoss
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Elisabeth G Celius
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Pål Berg-Hansen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of California, USA
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, University of California, USA
| | - Tone Berge
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Hanne F Harbo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Steffan D Bos
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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9
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Polymerase-1 pathway activation in acute multiple sclerosis relapse. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1235-1239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Núñez Villacís L, Wong MS, Ferguson LL, Hein N, George AJ, Hannan KM. New Roles for the Nucleolus in Health and Disease. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700233. [PMID: 29603296 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, our appreciation of the importance of the nucleolus for cellular function has progressed from the ordinary to the extraordinary. We no longer think of the nucleolus as simply the site of ribosome production, or a dynamic subnuclear body noted by pathologists for its changes in size and shape with malignancy. Instead, the nucleolus has emerged as a key controller of many cellular processes that are fundamental to normal cell homeostasis and the target for dysregulation in many human diseases; in some cases, independent of its functions in ribosome biogenesis. These extra-nucleolar or new functions, which we term "non-canonical" to distinguish them from the more traditional role of the nucleolus in ribosome synthesis, are the focus of this review. In particular, we explore how these non-canonical functions may provide novel insights into human disease and in some cases new targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Núñez Villacís
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia
| | - Mei S Wong
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia.,Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura L Ferguson
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia
| | - Nadine Hein
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia
| | - Amee J George
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine M Hannan
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
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Pharmacological inhibition of spinal cord injury-stimulated ribosomal biogenesis does not affect locomotor outcome. Neurosci Lett 2017; 642:153-157. [PMID: 28188847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress, recovery of protein synthesis including increased expression of ribosomal components and translation factors may induce cell death. Using a mouse model of moderate contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) at the T9 level, upregulation of ribosomal biogenesis was observed in the injury epicenter at 24h after trauma. Such upregulation coincided with endoplasmic reticulum stress response as previously reported in this model. It was also accompanied by changes in expression of many other genes associated with translational regulation. Systemic treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of RNA-Polymerase-1, BMH-21 reduced rRNA transcription in the spinal cord. Moreover, in the injury epicenter, treatment with BMH-21 increased expression of oligodendrocyte-specific transcripts including Mbp and Cldn11 at 3days post injury. Although such findings may suggest at least transient reduction of oligodendrocyte death, locomotor outcome was mostly unaffected except slightly accelerated recovery of hindlimb function at week 2 post-injury. Therefore, at least in mice, RNA-Polymerase-1 does not appear to be a robust target for therapies to protect spinal cord tissue after contusion. However, these findings raise an interesting possibility that altered rate of ribosomal biogenesis contributes to the apparent translational reprogramming after contusive SCI. Such a reprogramming could be a major regulator of SCI-induced gene expression.
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12
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Irish AK, Erickson CM, Wahls TL, Snetselaar LG, Darling WG. Randomized control trial evaluation of a modified Paleolithic dietary intervention in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2017; 7:1-18. [PMID: 30050374 PMCID: PMC6053098 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s116949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE A Paleolithic diet may improve fatigue and quality of life in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but past research has evaluated the effects of this dietary intervention in combination with other treatments such as exercise. Thus, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate a modified Paleolithic dietary intervention (MPDI) in the treatment of fatigue and other symptoms in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS We measured the effects of a MPDI in 17 individuals with RRMS. Of 34 subjects randomly assigned to control (maintain usual diet) and intervention (MPDI) groups, nine subjects (one man) completed the control group and eight subjects (one man) completed the MPDI. RESULTS Significant improvements were seen in Fatigue Severity Scale score and also in Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 and time to complete (dominant hand) 9-Hole Peg Test from baseline in MPDI subjects compared to controls. Increased vitamin K serum levels were also observed in MPDI subjects postprotocol compared to controls. CONCLUSION A Paleolithic diet may be useful in the treatment and management of MS, by reducing perceived fatigue, increasing mental and physical quality of life, increasing exercise capacity, and improving hand and leg function. By increasing vitamin K serum levels, the MPDI may also reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Irish
- Motor Control Laboratories, Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa,
| | - Constance M Erickson
- Motor Control Laboratories, Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa,
| | - Terry L Wahls
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Warren G Darling
- Motor Control Laboratories, Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa,
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Achiron A, Zilkha-Falb R, Mashiach R, Gurevich M. RAM-589.555 a new Polymerase-1 inhibitor as innovative targeted-treatment for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 302:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Fierabracci A, Pellegrino M. The Double Role of p53 in Cancer and Autoimmunity and Its Potential as Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121975. [PMID: 27897991 PMCID: PMC5187775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is a sequence-specific short-lived transcription factor expressed at low concentrations in various tissues while it is upregulated in damaged, tumoral or inflamed tissue. In normally proliferating cells, p53 protein levels and function are tightly controlled by main regulators, i.e., MDM2 (mouse double minute 2) and MDM4 proteins. p53 plays an important role due to its ability to mediate tumor suppression. In addition to its importance as a tumor suppressor, p53 coordinates diverse cellular responses to stress and damage and plays an emerging role in various physiological processes, including fertility, cell metabolism, mitochondrial respiration, autophagy, cell adhesion, stem cell maintenance and development. Interestingly, it has been recently implicated in the suppression of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in both mice and humans. In this review based on current knowledge on the functional properties of p53 and its regulatory pathways, we discuss the potential utility of p53 reactivation from a therapeutic perspective in oncology and chronic inflammatory disorders leading to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marsha Pellegrino
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Saresella M, Gatti A, Tortorella P, Marventano I, Piancone F, La Rosa F, Caputo D, Rovaris M, Biasin M, Clerici M. Toll-like receptor 3 differently modulates inflammation in progressive or benign multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2013; 150:109-20. [PMID: 24334148 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
TLR-dependent signal transduction pathways were analyzed in patients with a diagnosis of either relapsing-remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (PMS) or benign (BMS) MS and healthy controls (HC). Prototypical TLR molecules expressed either on the cell surface (TLR4) or intracellularly (TLR3) were stimulated with specific antigens (LPS and poly I:C, respectively). Expression of factors involved in TLR signaling cascades, production of downstream immune mediators and TLR expression were evaluated. Results showed that, whereas LPS-stimulation of TLR4 had a marginal effect on cell activation, poly I:C-stimulated TLR3 expression on immune cells was significantly increased in PMS and BMS compared to HC. This was associated with a higher responsiveness to poly I:C that resulted in the activation of the TLR3-mediated pathway and the production of inflammatory cytokines in PMS and, in contrast, in the up-regulation of a peculiar mosaic of inflammation-dampening genes in BMS. Results herein might explain different MS disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Gatti
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Pzza Morandi, 3, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Caputo
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Pzza Morandi, 3, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Rovaris
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Pzza Morandi, 3, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Mara Biasin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20100 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Pzza Morandi, 3, 20121 Milano, Italy; Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milano, 20100 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Parnell GP, Gatt PN, McKay FC, Schibeci S, Krupa M, Powell JE, Visscher PM, Montgomery GW, Lechner-Scott J, Broadley S, Liddle C, Slee M, Vucic S, Stewart GJ, Booth DR. Ribosomal protein S6 mRNA is a biomarker upregulated in multiple sclerosis, downregulated by interferon treatment, and affected by season. Mult Scler 2013; 20:675-85. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458513507819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system which responds to therapies targeting circulating immune cells. Objective: Our aim was to test if the T-cell activation gene expression pattern (TCAGE) we had previously described from whole blood was replicated in an independent cohort. Methods: We used RNA-seq to interrogate the whole blood transcriptomes of 72 individuals (40 healthy controls, 32 untreated MS). A cohort of 862 control individuals from the Brisbane Systems Genetics Study (BSGS) was used to assess heritability and seasonal expression. The effect of interferon beta (IFNB) therapy on expression was evaluated. Results: The MS/TCAGE association was replicated and rationalized to a single marker, ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6). Expression of RPS6 was higher in MS than controls ( p<0.0004), and lower in winter than summer ( p<4.6E-06). The seasonal pattern correlated with monthly UV light index ( R=0.82, p<0.002), and was also identified in the BSGS cohort ( p<0.0016). Variation in expression of RPS6 was not strongly heritable. RPS6 expression was reduced by IFNB therapy. Conclusions: These data support investigation of RPS6 as a potential therapeutic target and candidate biomarker for measuring clinical response to IFNB and other MS therapies, and of MS disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant P Parnell
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prudence N Gatt
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona C McKay
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Schibeci
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Krupa
- School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Christopher Liddle
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Slee
- School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steve Vucic
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graeme J Stewart
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R Booth
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Polymerase I pathway inhibitor ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 263:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Nickles D, Chen HP, Li MM, Khankhanian P, Madireddy L, Caillier SJ, Santaniello A, Cree BAC, Pelletier D, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Baranzini SE. Blood RNA profiling in a large cohort of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4194-205. [PMID: 23748426 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by the infiltration of autoreactive immune cells into the CNS, which target the myelin sheath, leading to the loss of neuronal function. Although it is accepted that MS is a multifactorial disorder with both genetic and environmental factors influencing its development and course, the molecular pathogenesis of MS has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we studied the longitudinal gene expression profiles of whole-blood RNA from a cohort of 195 MS patients and 66 healthy controls. We analyzed these transcriptomes at both the individual transcript and the biological pathway level. We found 62 transcripts to be significantly up-regulated in MS patients; the expression of 11 of these genes was counter-regulated by interferon treatment, suggesting partial restoration of a 'healthy' gene expression profile. Global pathway analyses linked the proteasome and Wnt signaling to MS disease processes. Since genotypes from a subset of individuals were available, we were able to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), a number of which involved two genes of the MS gene signature. However, all these eQTL were also present in healthy controls. This study highlights the challenge posed by analyzing transcripts from whole blood and how these can be mitigated by using large, well-characterized cohorts of patients with longitudinal follow-up and multi-modality measurements.
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