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Watkins T, Moffitt K, Speight RE, Navone L. Chromogenic fusion proteins as alternative textiles dyes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38859566 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of fast fashion has led to a significant waste problem associated with discarded textiles. Using proteins to color textiles can serve as a sustainable alternative to chemical dyes as well as reduce the demand for new raw materials. Here, we explore the use of chromogenic fusion proteins, consisting of a chromoprotein and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), as coloring agents for cellulose-based textiles such as cotton. We examined the color properties of chromoproteins AeBlue, SpisPink and Ultramarine alone and fused to CBM under various conditions. AeBlue, SpisPink and Ultramarine exhibited visible color between pH 4-9 and temperatures ranging from 4 to 45℃. Fusing CBM Clos from Clostridium thermocellum and CBM Ch2 from Trichoderma reesei to the chromoproteins had no effect on the chromoprotein color properties. Furthermore, binding assays showed that chromoprotein fusions did not affect binding of CBMs to cellulosic materials. Cotton samples bound with Ultramarine-Clos exhibited visible purple color that faded progressively over time as the samples dried. Applying 10% 8000 polyethylene glycol to cotton samples markedly preserved the color over extended periods. Overall, this work highlights the potential of chromoprotein-CBM fusions for textile dying which could be applied as a color maintenance technology or for reversible coloring of textiles for events or work wear, contributing to sustainable practices and introducing new creative opportunities for the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Watkins
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kaylee Moffitt
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert E Speight
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Advanced Engineering Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO Environment, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura Navone
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zarowny L, Clavel D, Johannson R, Duarte K, Depernet H, Dupuy J, Baker H, Brown A, Royant A, Campbell RE. Cyan fluorescent proteins derived from mNeonGreen. Protein Eng Des Sel 2022; 35:gzac004. [PMID: 35417013 PMCID: PMC9083105 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mNeonGreen, an engineered green fluorescent protein (GFP) derived from lancelet, is one of the most brightly fluorescent homologs of Aequorea victoria jellyfish GFP (avGFP) yet reported. In this work, we investigated whether this bright fluorescence might be retained in homologs of mNeonGreen with modified chromophore structures and altered fluorescent hues. We found mNeonGreen to be generally less tolerant than avGFP to chromophore modification by substitution of the key chromophore-forming tyrosine residue with other aromatic amino acids. However, we were ultimately successful in creating a variant, designated as NeonCyan1, with a tryptophan-derived cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-type chromophore, and two additional mutants with distinct spectral hues. Structural, computational, and photophysical characterization of NeonCyan1 and its variants provided insight into the factors that control the fluorescence emission color. Though not recommended as replacements for contemporary CFP variants, we demonstrate that NeonCyan1 variants are potentially suitable for live cell imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon Zarowny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Damien Clavel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ryan Johannson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Kévin Duarte
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hadrien Depernet
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Jérôme Dupuy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Heather Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Antoine Royant
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Tinoco A, Antunes E, Martins M, Gonçalves F, Gomes AC, Silva C, Cavaco-Paulo A, Ribeiro A. Fusion proteins with chromogenic and keratin binding modules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14044. [PMID: 31575960 PMCID: PMC6773707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research relates to a fusion protein comprising a chromogenic blue ultramarine protein (UM) bound to a keratin-based peptide (KP). The KP-UM fusion protein explores UM chromogenic nature together with KP affinity towards hair. For the first time a fusion protein with a chromogenic nature is explored as a hair coloring agent. The KP-UM protein colored overbleached hair, being the color dependent on the formulation polarity. The protein was able to bind to the hair cuticle and even to penetrate throughout the hair fibre. Molecular dynamics studies demonstrated that the interaction between the KP-UM protein and the hair was mediated by the KP sequence. All the formulations recovered the mechanical properties of overbleached hair and KP-UM proved to be safe when tested in human keratinocytes. Although based on a chromogenic non-fluorescent protein, the KP-UM protein presented a photoswitch phenomenon, changing from chromogenic to fluorescent depending on the wavelength selected for excitation. KP-UM protein shows the potential to be incorporated in new eco-friendly cosmetic formulations for hair coloration, decreasing the use of traditional dyes and reducing its environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tinoco
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Egipto Antunes
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Madalena Martins
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipa Gonçalves
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Gomes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Artur Ribeiro
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Pletneva NV, Goryacheva EA, Artemyev IV, Arkhipova SF, Pletnev VZ. Structure of Chromophores in GFP-Like Proteins: X-Ray Data. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201903004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chang HY, Ko TP, Chang YC, Huang KF, Lin CY, Chou HY, Chiang CY, Tsai HJ. Crystal structure of the blue fluorescent protein with a Leu-Leu-Gly tri-peptide chromophore derived from the purple chromoprotein of Stichodactyla haddoni. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:675-684. [PMID: 30836182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chromoproteins are a good source of engineered biological tools. We previously reported the development of a blue fluorescent protein, termed shBFP, which was derived from a purple chromoprotein shCP found in the sea anemone Stichodacyla haddoni. shBFP contains a Leu63-Leu64-Gly65 tri-peptide chromophore, and shows maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 401 nm and 458 nm, along with a high quantum yield. How this chromophore endows shBFP with the unique fluorescence property in the absence of a hydroxyphenyl ring remained unclear. Here, we present the crystal structures of shCP and shBFP at 1.9- and 2.05-Å resolution, respectively. Both proteins crystallized as similar tetramers, but they are more likely to function as dimers in solution. The chromophore in shCP shows a trans-conformation and its non-planarity is similar to most other homologues. The shBFP chromophore also contains an imidazolidone moiety in its structure, but there are a smaller number of conjugated double bonds compared to shCP. Consequently, the chromophore may prefer absorbing shorter wavelength lights in the UV region, followed by the emission of blue fluorescence. These observations provide new insights into the molecular basis that correlates chromophore conformation with light absorption and fluorescence emission for the development of improved biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yang Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; The Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yun Chou
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Chiang CY, Lin CY, Chen YT, Tsai HJ. Blue fluorescent protein derived from the mutated purple chromoprotein isolated from the sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 29:523-530. [PMID: 27578888 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromoproteins, especially far-red fluorescent proteins with long stokes shift, are good sources for engineering biological research tools. However, chromoproteins have not been used for developing fluorescent proteins with short emission wavelength. Therefore, we herein report the development of a blue fluorescent protein, termed shBFP, which is derived from a purple chromoprotein isolated from the sea anemone Stichodacyla haddoni (shCP) after shCP was simultaneously mutated on E63L and Y64L. The shBFP chromophore is composed of Leu-Leu-Gly, which introduced a maximum excitation and emission wavelength at 401 nm and 458 nm, respectively, and a quantum yield of 0.79. Interestingly, the N158S and L173I double mutations of shBFP conducted in the chromophore environment further shifted the maximum excitation to 375 nm, and elevated the quantum yield to 0.84. Thus, shBFP, which is based on the Leu-Leu-Gly chromophore composition, results in higher quantum yields and short wavelength emission. Additionally, we found that the cDNA of shBFP is stably expressed in zebrafish embryos with fidelity, indicating the application of shBFP as a biomarker or selective marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Section 3, Zhongzhen Road, Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City252, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Section 3, Zhongzhen Road, Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City252, Taiwan
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Salem MA, Brown A. Two-Photon Absorption in Fluorescent Protein Chromophores: TDDFT and CC2 Results. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:3260-9. [PMID: 26588295 DOI: 10.1021/ct500028w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon spectroscopy of fluorescent proteins is a powerful bioimaging tool. Considerable effort has been made to measure absolute two-photon absorption (TPA) for the available fluorescent proteins. Being a technically involved procedure, there is significant variation in the published experimental measurements even for the same protein. In this work, we present a time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) study on isolated chromophores comparing the ability of four functionals (PBE0, B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, and LC-BLYP) combined with the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set to reproduce averaged experimental TPA energies and cross sections. The TDDFT energies and TPA cross sections are also compared to corresponding CC2/6-31+G(d,p) results for excitation to S1 for the five smallest chromophores. In general, the computed TPA energies are less functional dependent than the TPA cross sections. The variation between functionals is more pronounced when higher-energy transitions are studied. Changes to the conformation of a chromophore are shown to change the TPA cross-section considerably. This adds to the difficulty of comparing an isolated chromophore to the one embedded in the protein environment. All functionals considered give moderate agreement with the corresponding CC2 results; in general, the TPA cross sections determined by TDDFT are 1.5-10 times smaller than the corresponding CC2 values for excitation to S1. LC-BLYP and CAM-B3LYP give erroneously large TPA cross sections in the higher-energy regions. On the other hand, B3LYP and PBE0 yield values that are of the same order of magnitude and in some cases very close to the averaged experimental data. Thus, based on the results reported here, B3LYP and PBE0 are the preferred functionals for screening chromphores for TPA. However, at best, TDDFT can be used to semiquantitatively scan chromophores for potential TPA probes and highlight spectroscopic peaks that could be present in the mature protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alaraby Salem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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