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Mohammadkhani N, Rahimpour A, Hoseinpoor R, Rajabibazl M. Development of Stable CHO-K1 Cell Lines Overexpressing Full-Length Human CD20 Antigen. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 27:269-79. [PMID: 37873643 PMCID: PMC10707815 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.27.5.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background CD20 is a differentiation-related antigen exclusively expressed on the membrane of B lymphocytes. CD20 amplification is observed in numerous immune-related disorders, making it an ideal target for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. MAb-based therapies targeting CD20 have a principal role in the treatment of several immune-related disordes and cancers, including CLL. Fc gamma receptors mediate CD20 internalization in hematopoietic cells; therefore, this study aimed to establish non-hematopoietic stable cell lines overexpressing full-length human CD20 antigen as an in vitro model for CD20-related studies. Methods CD20 gene was cloned into the transfer vector. The lentivirus system was transfected to packaging HEK 293T cells, and the supernatants were harvested. CHO-K1 cells were transduced using recombinant viruses, and a stable cell pool was developed by the antibiotic selection. CD20 expression was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Results Simultaneous expression of GFP protein facilitated the detection of CD20-expressing cells. Immunophenotyping analysis of stable clones demonstrated expression of CD20 antigen. In addition, the mean fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in the CD20-CHO-K1 clones than the wild-type CHO-K1 cells. Conclusion This study is the first report on using second-generation lentiviral vectors for the establishment of a non-hematopoietic cell-based system, which stably expresses full-length human CD20 antigen. Results of stable CHO cell lines with different levels of CD20 antigen are well suited to be used for CD20-based investigations, including binding and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Hoseinpoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Huang YF, Su SC, Chuang HY, Chen HH, Twu YC. Histone deacetylation-regulated cell surface Siglec-7 expression promoted megakaryocytic maturation and enhanced platelet-like particle release. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:329-343. [PMID: 36700509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functioning as important hematologic cells for hemostasis, wound healing and immune defense platelets are produced before being released into the blood by cytoplasmic fragmentation at the end of the megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation, during which the involvement of both apoptosis and autophagy has been reported. Inhibitory sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-7 gene (Siglec-7) can be expressed on platelets and induce apoptosis on activation for uncharacterized function. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism for Siglec-7 activation along MK differentiation and its physiologic role during the MK maturation and platelet formation. METHODS By using 2 well-established MK differentiation models (HEL and K562) and human primary CD34+ cell, we examined the upregulations of transcript and protein levels of Siglec-7 during MK differentiation, and the effect of Siglec-7 surface presence on MK differentiation and platelet-like particles (PLPs) release. RESULTS We show that both transcripts and surface Siglec-7 were elevated during MK differentiation, and the histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) acted as a negative regulator for Siglec-7 activation. By increasing Siglec-7 surface expression, we found that increased presence of Siglec-7 not only enhanced MK maturation but also the release of PLPs by activating caspase 3-dependent signaling, as evidenced in the observation of more CD41, polyploidy, and platelet factor 4 transcript formations. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that Siglec-7 activation was subjected to epigenetic regulation, and the resulting induced expression of surface Siglec-7 played an important regulatory role in promoting MK differentiation, maturation, and PLP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sapozhnikov DM, Szyf M. Unraveling the functional role of DNA demethylation at specific promoters by targeted steric blockage of DNA methyltransferase with CRISPR/dCas9. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5711. [PMID: 34588447 PMCID: PMC8481236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite four decades of research to support the association between DNA methylation and gene expression, the causality of this relationship remains unresolved. Here, we reaffirm that experimental confounds preclude resolution of this question with existing strategies, including recently developed CRISPR/dCas9 and TET-based epigenetic editors. Instead, we demonstrate a highly effective method using only nuclease-dead Cas9 and guide RNA to physically block DNA methylation at specific targets in the absence of a confounding flexibly-tethered enzyme, thereby enabling the examination of the role of DNA demethylation per se in living cells, with no evidence of off-target activity. Using this method, we probe a small number of inducible promoters and find the effect of DNA demethylation to be small, while demethylation of CpG-rich FMR1 produces larger changes in gene expression. This method could be used to reveal the extent and nature of the contribution of DNA methylation to gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Sapozhnikov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Altanerova U, Jakubechova J, Benejova K, Priscakova P, Repiska V, Babelova A, Smolkova B, Altaner C. Intracellular prodrug gene therapy for cancer mediated by tumor cell suicide gene exosomes. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:128-139. [PMID: 32621791 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported about exosomes possessing messenger RNA (mRNA) of suicide gene secreted from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) engineered to express the suicide gene-fused yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (yCD::UPRT). The yCD::UPRT-MSC exosomes are internalized by tumor cells and intracellularly convert prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Human tumor cells with the potential to metastasize release exosomes involved in the creation of a premetastatic niche at the predicted organs. We found that cancer cells stably transduced with yCD::UPRT gene by retrovirus infection released exosomes acting similarly like yCD::UPRT-MSC exosomes. Different types of tumor cells were transduced with the yCD::UPRT gene. The homogenous cell population of yCD::UPRT-transduced tumor cells expressed the yCD::UPRT suicide gene and secreted continuously exosomes with suicide gene mRNA in their cargo. All tumor cell suicide gene exosomes upon internalization into the recipient tumor cells induced the cell death by intracellular conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU and to 5-FUMP in a dose-dependent manner. Most of tumor cell-derived suicide gene exosomes were tumor tropic, in 5-FC presence they killed tumor cells but did not inhibit the growth of human skin fibroblast as well as DP-MSCs. Tumor cell-derived suicide gene exosomes home to their cells of origin and hold an exciting potential to become innovative specific therapy for tumors and potentially for metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Altanerova
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubechova
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Benejova
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Priscakova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Repiska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Babelova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Cestmir Altaner
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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5
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Moussy A, Papili Gao N, Corre G, Poletti V, Majdoul S, Fenard D, Gunawan R, Stockholm D, Páldi A. Constraints on Human CD34+ Cell Fate due to Lentiviral Vectors Can Be Relieved by Valproic Acid. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1023-1034. [PMID: 30977420 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial stages following the in vitro cytokine stimulation of human cord blood CD34+ cells overlap with the period when lentiviral gene transfer is typically performed. Single-cell transcriptional profiling and time-lapse microscopy were used to investigate how the vector-cell crosstalk impacts on the fate decision process. The single-cell transcription profiles were analyzed using a new algorithm, and it is shown that lentiviral transduction during the early stages of stimulation modifies the dynamics of the fate choice process of the CD34+ cells. The cells transduced with a lentiviral vector are biased toward the common myeloid progenitor lineage. Valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor known to increase the grafting potential of the CD34+ cells, improves the transduction efficiency to almost 100%. The cells transduced in the presence of valproic acid can subsequently undergo normal fate commitment. The higher gene transfer efficiency did not alter the genomic integration profile of the vector. These observations open the way to substantially improving lentiviral gene transfer protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Moussy
- 1Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS951, INSERM, Univ-Evry, Paris, France; University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Nan Papili Gao
- 2Institute for Chemical Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.,3Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Guillaume Corre
- 4Genethon, Evry, France; and University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Valentina Poletti
- 4Genethon, Evry, France; and University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Saliha Majdoul
- 4Genethon, Evry, France; and University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - David Fenard
- 4Genethon, Evry, France; and University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rudiyanto Gunawan
- 2Institute for Chemical Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.,3Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.,5Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Daniel Stockholm
- 1Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS951, INSERM, Univ-Evry, Paris, France; University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - András Páldi
- 1Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS951, INSERM, Univ-Evry, Paris, France; University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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6
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Nagree MS, Scalia S, McKillop WM, Medin JA. An update on gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:655-670. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1607837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza S. Nagree
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
| | - Simone Scalia
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Medin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
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7
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Wang W, Fronza R, Schmidt M. The Clonal Fate of Live Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 5:93-95. [PMID: 28480309 PMCID: PMC5415325 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raffaele Fronza
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Schwarz KA, Leonard JN. Engineering cell-based therapies to interface robustly with host physiology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:55-65. [PMID: 27266446 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cell-based therapies comprise a rapidly growing clinical technology for treating disease by leveraging the natural capabilities of cells, including migration, information transduction, and biosynthesis and secretion. There now exists a substantial portfolio of intracellular and extracellular sensors that enable bioengineers to program cells to execute defined responses to specific changes in state or environmental cues. As our capability to construct more sophisticated cellular programs increases, assessing and improving the degree to which cell-based therapies perform as desired in vivo will become an increasingly important consideration and opportunity for technological advancement. In this review, we seek to describe both current capabilities and potential needs for building cell-based therapies that interface with host physiology in a manner that is robust - a phrase we use in this context to describe the achievement of therapeutic efficacy across a range of patients and implementations. We first review the portfolio of sensors and outputs currently available for use in cell-based therapies by highlighting key advancements and current gaps. Then, we propose a conceptual framework for evaluating and pursuing robust clinical performance of engineered cell-based therapies.
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9
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Pagliaroli L, Vető B, Arányi T, Barta C. From Genetics to Epigenetics: New Perspectives in Tourette Syndrome Research. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:277. [PMID: 27462201 PMCID: PMC4940402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by the appearance of multiple involuntary motor and vocal tics. TS presents high comorbidity rates with other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). TS is highly heritable and has a complex polygenic background. However, environmental factors also play a role in the manifestation of symptoms. Different epigenetic mechanisms may represent the link between these two causalities. Epigenetic regulation has been shown to have an impact in the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders, however very little is known about its effects on Tourette Syndrome. This review provides a summary of the recent findings in genetic background of TS, followed by an overview on different epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic studies in other neurological and psychiatric disorders are discussed along with the TS-related epigenetic findings available in the literature to date. Moreover, we are proposing that some general epigenetic mechanisms seen in other neuropsychiatric disorders may also play a role in the pathogenesis of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaroli
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Vető
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Arányi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, University of AngersAngers, France
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Aranyi T, Stockholm D, Yao R, Poinsignon C, Wiart T, Corre G, Touleimat N, Tost J, Galy A, Paldi A. Systemic epigenetic response to recombinant lentiviral vectors independent of proviral integration. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:29. [PMID: 27408621 PMCID: PMC4940770 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lentiviral vectors (LV) are widely used for various gene transfer or gene therapy applications. The effects of LV on target cells are expected to be limited to gene delivery. Yet, human hematopoietic CD34+ cells respond to functional LVs as well as several types of non-integrating LVs by genome-wide DNA methylation changes. Results A new algorithm for the analysis of 450K Illumina data showed that these changes were marked by de novo methylation. The same 4126 cytosines located in islands corresponding to 1059 genes were systematically methylated. This effect required cellular entry of the viral particle in the cells but not the genomic integration of the vector cassette. Some LV preparations induced only mild sporadic changes while others had strong effects suggesting that LV batch heterogeneity may be related to the extent of the epigenetic response. Conclusion These findings identify a previously uncharacterized but consistent cellular response to viral components and provide a novel example of environmentally modified epigenome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0077-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Aranyi
- Université Evry Val d'Essonne, UMRS_951, Genethon, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Daniel Stockholm
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS_951, Genethon, 1 bis rue de l'Internationale, 91002 Evry, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Nizar Touleimat
- Centre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Jörg Tost
- Centre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Anne Galy
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, 1 bis rue de l'Internationale, 91002 Evry, France.,Genethon, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Andràs Paldi
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS_951, Genethon, 1 bis rue de l'Internationale, 91002 Evry, France
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11
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Griffin DO, Goff SP. Restriction of HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors in adult primary marrow-derived and peripheral mobilized human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells occurs prior to viral DNA integration. Retrovirology 2016; 13:14. [PMID: 26945863 PMCID: PMC4779582 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene therapy is currently being attempted using a number of delivery vehicles including lentiviral-based vectors. The delivery and insertion of a gene using lentiviral-based vectors involves multiple discrete steps, including reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA, nuclear entry, integration of viral DNA into the host genome and expression of integrated genes. Transduction of murine stem cells by the murine leukemia viruses is inefficient because the expression of the integrated DNA is profoundly blocked. Transduction of human stem cells by lentivirus vectors is also inefficient, but the cause and specific part of the retroviral lifecycle where this block occurs is unknown. Results Here we demonstrate that the dominant point of restriction of an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector in adult human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from bone marrow and also those obtained following peripheral mobilization is prior to viral DNA integration. We specifically show that restriction of HSPCs to an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector is prior to formation of nuclear DNA forms. Conclusions Murine restriction of MLV and human cellular restriction of HIV-1 are fundamentally different. While murine restriction of MLV occurs post integration, human restriction of HIV-1 occurs before integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, HHSC 1310c, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Stephen P Goff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, HHSC 1310c, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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12
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Varagnolo L, Lin Q, Obier N, Plass C, Dietl J, Zenke M, Claus R, Müller AM. PRC2 inhibition counteracts the culture-associated loss of engraftment potential of human cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26198814 PMCID: PMC4510577 DOI: 10.1038/srep12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (CB-HSCs) are an outstanding source for transplantation approaches. However, the amount of cells per donor is limited and culture expansion of CB-HSCs is accompanied by a loss of engraftment potential. In order to analyze the molecular mechanisms leading to this impaired potential we profiled global and local epigenotypes during the expansion of human CB hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPSCs). Human CB-derived CD34+ cells were cultured in serum-free medium together with SCF, TPO, FGF, with or without Igfbp2 and Angptl5 (STF/STFIA cocktails). As compared to the STF cocktail, the STFIA cocktail maintains in vivo repopulation capacity of cultured CD34+ cells. Upon expansion, CD34+ cells genome-wide remodel their epigenotype and depending on the cytokine cocktail, cells show different H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 levels. Expanding cells without Igfbp2 and Angptl5 leads to higher global H3K27me3 levels. ChIPseq analyses reveal a cytokine cocktail-dependent redistribution of H3K27me3 profiles. Inhibition of the PRC2 component EZH2 counteracts the culture-associated loss of NOD scid gamma (NSG) engraftment potential. Collectively, our data reveal chromatin dynamics that underlie the culture-associated loss of engraftment potential. We identify PRC2 component EZH2 as being involved in the loss of engraftment potential during the in vitro expansion of HPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Varagnolo
- Institute of Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Obier
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Plass
- Department of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Dietl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Claus
- 1] Department of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Medicine, Div. Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Müller
- Institute of Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Abstract
With the recent advances in regenerative medicine, nanotechnology has created a niche for itself as a promising avenue in this field. Innumerable studies have been carried out by researchers using virus-based methodologies for the purpose of epigenetic reprogramming. Although this method is ostensibly safe, nonetheless, they are tagged with the risk of viral genome integration into the host genome or insertional mutagenesis. Transient transfection by the use of nanocarriers is the best way to overcome these problems. This review focuses on some of the significant works carried out by researchers utilizing nanocarrier systems that have shown promising results and thus created a landmark in the epigenetic reprogramming.
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14
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Noack S, Seiffart V, Willbold E, Laggies S, Winkel A, Shahab-Osterloh S, Flörkemeier T, Hertwig F, Steinhoff C, Nuber UA, Gross G, Hoffmann A. Periostin secreted by mesenchymal stem cells supports tendon formation in an ectopic mouse model. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1844-57. [PMID: 24809660 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
True tendon regeneration in human patients remains a vision of musculoskeletal therapies. In comparison to other mesenchymal lineages the biology of tenogenic differentiation is barely understood. Specifically, easy and efficient protocols are lacking that might enable tendon cell and tissue differentiation based on adult (stem) cell sources. In the murine mesenchymal progenitor cell line C3H10T½, overexpression of the growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and a constitutively active transcription factor, Smad8 L+MH2, mediates tendon cell differentiation in vitro and the formation of tendon-like tissue in vivo. We hypothesized that during this differentiation secreted factors involved in extracellular matrix formation exert a major impact on tendon development. Gene expression analyses revealed four genes encoding secreted factors that are notably upregulated: periostin, C-type lectin domain family 3 (member b), RNase A4, and follistatin-like 1. These factors have not previously been implicated in tendon biology. Among these, periostin showed a specific expression in tenocytes of adult mouse Achilles tendon and in chondrocytes within the nonmineralized fibrocartilage zone of the enthesis with the calcaneus. Overexpression of periostin alone or in combination with constitutively active BMP receptor type in human mesenchymal stem cells and subsequent implantation into ectopic sites in mice demonstrated a reproducible moderate tenogenic capacity that has not been described before. Therefore, periostin may belong to the factors contributing to the development of tenogenic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Noack
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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15
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Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells acquire distinct DNA-hypermethylation during in vitro culture. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3372. [PMID: 24284763 PMCID: PMC3842544 DOI: 10.1038/srep03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs) can be maintained invitro, but the vast majority of their progeny loses stemness during culture. In this study, we compared DNA-methylation (DNAm) profiles of freshly isolated and culture-expanded HPCs. Culture conditions of CD34+ cells - either with or without mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) - had relatively little impact on DNAm, although proliferation is greatly increased by stromal support. However, all cultured HPCs - even those which remained CD34+ - acquired significant DNA-hypermethylation. DNA-hypermethylation occurred particularly in up-stream promoter regions, shore-regions of CpG islands, binding sites for PU.1, HOXA5 and RUNX1, and it was reflected in differential gene expression and variant transcripts of DNMT3A. Low concentrations of DNAm inhibitors slightly increased the frequency of colony-forming unit initiating cells. Our results demonstrate that HPCs acquire DNA-hypermethylation at specific sites in the genome which is relevant for the rapid loss of stemness during in vitro manipulation.
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16
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Paldi A. Effects of the in vitro manipulation of stem cells: epigenetic mechanisms as mediators of induced metabolic fluctuations. Epigenomics 2013; 5:429-37. [PMID: 23895655 DOI: 10.2217/epi.13.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing popularity of stem cells in life science research has at least two major causes. On one hand, the study of stem cells may provide insights into one of the major secrets of biology: the mechanisms of cell differentiation. On the other hand, stem cells are potentially promising tools for regenerative therapy. The understanding of how environmental stimuli are translated into phenotypic differentiation through gene expression changes and how the same stimuli at the same time may perturb the normal process of cellular differentiation, growth and maintenance is a central issue for fundamental research but is also essential for the development of efficient and safe procedures for therapeutic use. This article assembles the known facts, as pieces of a puzzle, into a coherent picture around the idea of why stem cells are so sensitive to their culture environment and what practical consequences this implies.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Paldi
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, INSERM U951, Genethon 1bis rue de l'Internationale 91002 Evry, France.
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17
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Schambach A, Zychlinski D, Ehrnstroem B, Baum C. Biosafety features of lentiviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:132-42. [PMID: 23311447 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, lentiviral vectors have evolved as a benchmark tool for stable gene transfer into cells with a high replicative potential. Their relatively flexible genome and ability to transduce many forms of nondividing cells, combined with the potential for cell-specific pseudotyping, provides a rich resource for numerous applications in experimental platforms and therapeutic settings. Here, we give an overview of important biosafety features of lentiviral vectors, with detailed discussion of (i) the principles of the lentiviral split-genome design used for the construction of packaging cells; (ii) the relevance of modifications introduced into the lentiviral long terminal repeat (deletion of enhancer/promoter sequences and introduction of insulators); (iii) the basic features of mRNA processing, including the Rev/Rev-responsive element (RRE) interaction and the modifications of the 3' untranslated region of lentiviral vectors with various post-transcriptional regulatory elements affecting transcriptional termination, polyadenylation, and differentiation-specific degradation of mRNA; and (iv) the characteristic integration pattern with the associated risk of transcriptional interference with cellular genes. We conclude with considerations regarding the importance of cell targeting via envelope modifications. Along this course, we address canonical biosafety issues encountered with any type of viral vector: the risks of shedding, mobilization, germline transmission, immunogenicity, and insertional mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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18
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McBurney MW, Clark-Knowles KV, Caron AZ, Gray DA. SIRT1 is a Highly Networked Protein That Mediates the Adaptation to Chronic Physiological Stress. Genes Cancer 2013; 4:125-34. [PMID: 24020004 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912474893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is a NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase that has a very large number of established protein substrates and an equally impressive list of biological functions thought to be regulated by its activity. Perhaps as notable is the remarkable number of points of conflict concerning the role of SIRT1 in biological processes. For example, evidence exists suggesting that SIRT1 is a tumor suppressor, is an oncogene, or has no effect on oncogenesis. Similarly, SIRT1 is variably reported to induce, inhibit, or have no effect on autophagy. We believe that the resolution of many conflicting results is possible by considering recent reports indicating that SIRT1 is an important hub interacting with a complex network of proteins that collectively regulate a wide variety of biological processes including cancer and autophagy. A number of the interacting proteins are themselves hubs that, like SIRT1, utilize intrinsically disordered regions for their promiscuous interactions. Many studies investigating SIRT1 function have been carried out on cell lines carrying undetermined numbers of alterations to the proteins comprising the SIRT1 network or on inbred mouse strains carrying fixed mutations affecting some of these proteins. Thus, the effects of modulating SIRT1 amount and/or activity are importantly determined by the genetic background of the cell (or the inbred strain of mice), and the effects attributed to SIRT1 are synthetic with the background of mutations and epigenetic differences between cells and organisms. Work on mice carrying alterations to the Sirt1 gene suggests that the network in which SIRT1 functions plays an important role in mediating physiological adaptation to various sources of chronic stress such as calorie restriction and calorie overload. Whether the catalytic activity of SIRT1 and the nuclear concentration of the co-factor, NAD(+), are responsible for modulating this activity remains to be determined. However, the effect of modulating SIRT1 activity must be interpreted in the context of the cell or tissue under investigation. Indeed, for SIRT1, we argue that context is everything.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W McBurney
- Program in Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute ; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wang N, Rajasekaran N, Hou T, Lisowski L, Mellins ED. Comparison of transduction efficiency among various lentiviruses containing GFP reporter in bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:934-43. [PMID: 23954710 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
HIV-derived lentiviral vectors have been used widely to transduce non-dividing cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in the setting of gene therapy. In this study, we screened lentiviral vectors for their ability to drive expression of the murine MHC class II chaperone, invariant chain (Ii) and a GFP reporter. The vectors included T2A vector with T2A-separated Ii and GFP under the same MSCV promoter, dual-promoter vectors with separate promoters for Ii and GFP (called MSCV or EF1a according to the promoter driving Ii expression), and a vector with EF1a driving a fusion of Ii/GFP (called Fusion vector). T2A and MSCV induced the highest levels of Ii and GFP expression, respectively, after direct transfection of 293T cells. All vectors except the Fusion vector drove expression of functional Ii, based on the enhancement of MHC class II level, which is a known consequence of Ii expression. Comparing the vectors after they were packaged into lentiviruses and used to transduce 293T, we found that MSCV and EF1a vectors mediated higher Ii and GFP expression. In ckit(+) bone marrow (BM) cells, MSCV still induced the highest Ii and GFP expression, whereas EF1a induced only robust Ii expression. Regardless of the vector, both Ii and GFP levels were significantly reduced in BM cells compared to 293T cells. When in vivo expression was assessed in cells derived from MSCV-transduced BM-HSCs, up to 80% of myeloid cells were GFP(+), but no Ii expression was observed. In contrast, transplantation of EF1a-transduced BM-HSCs led to much higher in vivo Ii expression. Thus, among those compared, dual-promoter vector-based lentivirus with the EF1a promoter driving the gene of interest is optimal for murine BM-HSC transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Program in Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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