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Integrative interactomics applied to bovine fescue toxicosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4899. [PMID: 35318361 PMCID: PMC8941056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine fescue toxicosis (FT) is caused by grazing ergot alkaloid-producing endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala)-infected tall fescue. Endophyte’s effects on the animal’s microbiota and metabolism were investigated recently, but its effects in planta or on the plant–animal interactions have not been considered. We examined multi-compartment microbiota–metabolome perturbations using multi-‘omics (16S and ITS2 sequencing, plus untargeted metabolomics) in Angus steers grazing non-toxic (Max-Q) or toxic (E+) tall fescue for 28 days and in E+ plants. E+ altered the plant/animal microbiota, decreasing most ruminal fungi, with mixed effects on rumen bacteria and fecal microbiota. Metabolic perturbations occurred in all matrices, with some plant-animal overlap (e.g., Vitamin B6 metabolism). Integrative interactomics revealed unique E+ network constituents. Only E+ had ruminal solids OTUs within the network and fecal fungal OTUs in E+ had unique taxa (e.g., Anaeromyces). Three E+-unique urinary metabolites that could be potential biomarkers of FT and targeted therapeutically were identified.
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Kralj T, Brouwer KLR, Creek DJ. Analytical and Omics-Based Advances in the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:1-13. [PMID: 34086958 PMCID: PMC8502468 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant clinical issue, affecting 1-1.5 million patients annually, and remains a major challenge during drug development-toxicity and safety concerns are the second-highest reason for drug candidate failure. The future prevalence of DILI can be minimized by developing a greater understanding of the biological mechanisms behind DILI. Both qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques are vital to characterizing and investigating DILI. In vitro assays are capable of characterizing specific aspects of a drug's hepatotoxic nature and multiplexed assays are capable of characterizing and scoring a drug's association with DILI. However, an even deeper insight into the perturbations to biological pathways involved in the mechanisms of DILI can be gained through the use of omics-based analytical techniques: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. These omics analytical techniques can offer qualitative and quantitative insight into genetic susceptibilities to DILI, the impact of drug treatment on gene expression, and the effect on protein and metabolite abundance. This review will discuss the analytical techniques that can be applied to characterize and investigate the biological mechanisms of DILI and potential predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kralj
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7569, USA
| | - Darren J Creek
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Li YF, Ma YL, Nie L, Chen S, Jin MF, Wang SL. [Establishment and validation of a neonatal pig model of hemolytic jaundice]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:431-434. [PMID: 27165593 PMCID: PMC7390372 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a neonatal pig model of hemolytic jaundice. METHODS Twelve seven-day-old purebred Yorkshire pigs were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group (n=6 each). Immunization of New Zealand white rabbits was used to prepare rabbit anti-porcine red blood cell antibodies, and rabbit anti-porcine red blood cell serum was separated. The neonatal pigs in the experimental group were given an intravenous injection of rabbit anti-porcine red blood cell serum (5 mL), and those in the control group were given an intravenous injection of normal saline (5 mL). Venous blood samples were collected every 6 hours for routine blood test and liver function evaluation. RESULTS The experimental group had a significantly higher serum bilirubin level than the control group at 18 hours after the injection of rabbit anti-porcine red blood cell serum (64±30 μmol/L vs 20±4 μmol/L; P<0.05). In the experimental group, the serum bilirubin level reached the peak at 48 hours (275±31 μmol/L), and decreased significantly at 96 hours after the injection (95±17 μmol/L), but all significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). At 18 hours after the injection, the experimental group had a significantly lower red blood cell (RBC) count than the control group [(4.58±0.32)×10(12)/L vs (5.09±0.44)×10(12)/L; P<0.05]; at 24 hours, the experimental group showed further reductions in RBC count and hemoglobin level and had significantly lower RBC count and hemoglobin level than the control group [RBC: (4.21±0.24)×10(12)/L vs (5.11±0.39)×10(12)/L, P<0.05; hemoglobin: 87±3 g vs 97±6 g, P<0.05]. The differences in RBC count and hemoglobin level between the two groups were largest at 36-48 hours. CONCLUSIONS The neonatal pig model of hemolytic jaundice simulates the pathological process of human hemolytic jaundice well and provides good biological and material bases for further investigation of neonatal hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fu Li
- Department of Neonatology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China.
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Bushel PR, Fannin RD, Gerrish K, Watkins PB, Paules RS. Blood gene expression profiling of an early acetaminophen response. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:230-236. [PMID: 26927286 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen can adversely affect the liver especially when overdosed. We used whole blood as a surrogate to identify genes as potential early indicators of an acetaminophen-induced response. In a clinical study, healthy human subjects were dosed daily with 4 g of either acetaminophen or placebo pills for 7 days and evaluated over the course of 14 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels for responders to acetaminophen increased between days 4 and 9 after dosing, and 12 genes were detected with expression profiles significantly altered within 24 h. The early responsive genes separated the subjects by class and dose period. In addition, the genes clustered patients who overdosed on acetaminophen apart from controls and also predicted the exposure classifications with 100% accuracy. The responsive genes serve as early indicators of an acetaminophen exposure, and their gene expression profiles can potentially be evaluated as molecular indicators for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Bushel
- Microarray and Genome Informatics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R D Fannin
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - K Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - P B Watkins
- The Hamner Institute for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R S Paules
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Beger RD, Bhattacharyya S, Yang X, Gill PS, Schnackenberg LK, Sun J, James LP. Translational biomarkers of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1497-522. [PMID: 25983262 PMCID: PMC4551536 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic drug that can cause liver injury, liver necrosis and liver failure. APAP-induced liver injury is associated with glutathione depletion, the formation of APAP protein adducts, the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and mitochondrial injury. The systems biology omics technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) have been used to discover potential translational biomarkers of liver injury. The following review provides a summary of the systems biology discovery process, analytical validation of biomarkers and translation of omics biomarkers from the nonclinical to clinical setting in APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, USA,
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Hagiya Y, Kamata S, Mitsuoka S, Okada N, Yoshida S, Yamamoto J, Ohkubo R, Abiko Y, Yamada H, Akahoshi N, Kasahara T, Kumagai Y, Ishii I. Hemizygosity of transsulfuration genes confers increased vulnerability against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 282:195-206. [PMID: 25499718 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The key mechanism for acetaminophen hepatotoxicity is cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, a potent electrophile that forms protein adducts. Previous studies revealed the fundamental role of glutathione, which binds to and detoxifies N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. Glutathione is synthesized from cysteine in the liver, and N-acetylcysteine is used as a sole antidote for acetaminophen poisoning. Here, we evaluated the potential roles of transsulfuration enzymes essential for cysteine biosynthesis, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH), in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity using hemizygous (Cbs(+/-) or Cth(+/-)) and homozygous (Cth(-/-)) knockout mice. At 4 h after intraperitoneal acetaminophen injection, serum alanine aminotransferase levels were highly elevated in Cth(-/-) mice at 150 mg/kg dose, and also in Cbs(+/-) or Cth(+/-) mice at 250 mg/kg dose, which was associated with characteristic centrilobular hepatocyte oncosis. Hepatic glutathione was depleted while serum malondialdehyde accumulated in acetaminophen-injected Cth(-/-) mice but not wild-type mice, although glutamate-cysteine ligase (composed of catalytic [GCLC] and modifier [GCLM] subunits) became more activated in the livers of Cth(-/-) mice with lower Km values for Cys and Glu. Proteome analysis using fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins after injection of 150 mg acetaminophen/kg into Cth(-/-) mice; the profiles were similar to 1000 mg acetaminophen/kg-treated wild-type mice. The prevalence of Cbs or Cth hemizygosity is estimated to be 1:200-300 population; therefore, the deletion or polymorphism of either transsulfuration gene may underlie idiosyncratic acetaminophen vulnerability along with the differences in Cyp, Gclc, and Gclm gene activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hagiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kamata
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Saya Mitsuoka
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Norihiko Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Saori Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Junya Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Rika Ohkubo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yumi Abiko
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamada
- Jobu Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Maebashi 371-0048, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Akahoshi
- Department of Immunology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kasahara
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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van Swelm RPL, Kramers C, Masereeuw R, Russel FGM. Application of urine proteomics for biomarker discovery in drug-induced liver injury. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:823-41. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.931341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li LM, Wang D, Zen K. MicroRNAs in Drug-induced Liver Injury. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2014; 2:162-9. [PMID: 26357624 PMCID: PMC4521241 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2014.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of acute liver failure, and a major reason for the recall of marketed drugs. Detection of potential liver injury is a challenge for clinical management and preclinical drug safety studies, as well as a great obstacle to the development of new, effective and safe drugs. Currently, serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases are the gold standard for evaluating liver injury. However, these levels are assessed by nonspecific, insensitive, and non-predictive tests, and often result in false-positive results. Therefore, there is an urgent need for better DILI biomarkers to guide risk assessment and patient management. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a new class of gene expression regulators has triggered an explosion of research, particularly on the measurement of miRNAs in various body fluids as biomarkers for many human diseases. The properties of miRNA-based biomarkers, such as tissue specificity and high stability and sensitivity, suggest they could be used as novel, minimally invasive and stable DILI biomarkers. In the current review, we summarize recent progress concerning the role of miRNAs in diagnosing and monitoring both clinical and preclinical DILI, and discuss the main advantages and challenges of miRNAs as novel DILI biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ke Zen
- Correspondence to: Ke Zen, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China. E-mail:
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van Swelm RPL, Hadi M, Laarakkers CMM, Masereeuw R, Groothuis GMM, Russel FGM. Proteomic profiling in incubation medium of mouse, rat and human precision-cut liver slices for biomarker detection regarding acute drug-induced liver injury. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:993-1001. [PMID: 24038040 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury is one of the leading causes of drug withdrawal from the market. In this study, we investigated the applicability of protein profiling of the incubation medium of human, mouse and rat precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) exposed to liver injury-inducing drugs for biomarker identification, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. PCLS were incubated with acetaminophen (APAP), 3-acetamidophenol, diclofenac and lipopolysaccharide for 24-48 h. PCLS medium from all species treated with APAP demonstrated similar changes in protein profiles, as previously found in mouse urine after APAP-induced liver injury, including the same key proteins: superoxide dismutase 1, carbonic anhydrase 3 and calmodulin. Further analysis showed that the concentration of hepcidin, a hepatic iron-regulating hormone peptide, was reduced in PCLS medium after APAP treatment, resembling the decreased mouse plasma concentrations of hepcidin observed after APAP treatment. Interestingly, comparable results were obtained after 3-acetamidophenol incubation in rat and human, but not mouse PCLS. Incubation with diclofenac, but not with lipopolysaccharide, resulted in the same toxicity parameters as observed for APAP, albeit to a lesser extent. In conclusion, proteomics can be applied to identify potential translational biomarkers using the PCLS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P L van Swelm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands
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van Swelm RP, Laarakkers CM, Pertijs JC, Verweij V, Masereeuw R, Russel FG. Urinary proteomic profiling reveals diclofenac-induced renal injury and hepatic regeneration in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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