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Liao H, Yu Y, Li S, Yue Y, Tao C, Su K, Zhang Z. Circulating Plasmablasts from Chronically Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals Predominantly Produce Polyreactive/Autoreactive Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1691. [PMID: 29270169 PMCID: PMC5723652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the B-cell response during chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is essential for eliciting broad and potent neutralizing antibodies (Abs). In this study, we analyzed the plasmablast repertoire of chronically HIV-infected individuals in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among the obtained 72 recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 27.8% weakly bound to HIV gp140 and were non-neutralizing. Remarkably, 56.9% were polyreactive and 55.6% were autoreactive. The prominent feature of being polyreactive/autoreactive is not limited to anti-gp140 Abs. Furthermore, these polyreactive/autoreactive Abs displayed striking cross-reactivity with DWEYS in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and this binding induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. We also found higher frequencies of VH4-34 utilization and VH replacement in the plasmablast repertoire of chronically HIV-infected individuals, which may contribute to the generation of poly/autoreactive Abs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that circulating plasmablasts in chronically HIV-infected individuals experienced with ART predominantly produce poly/autoreactive Abs with minimal anti-HIV neutralizing capacity and potential cross-reactivity with autoantigens. This may represent another dysfunction of B cells during chronic HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yangsheng Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinshi Yue
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chuanmin Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaihong Su
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Eppley Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rodríguez-Preciado SY, Magaña-Torres MT, Jaloma Cruz AR, Barros-Núñez P. Detection of monoclonal B cells in general population from two different regions of Mexico. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:279-285. [PMID: 29057607 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the frequency of monoclonal B cells in Mexican general population from two different regions of Mexico. Monoclonal B cells were detected by rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chains (IGH) in 288 individuals: 188 from a metropolitan area and 100 from a rural area. After DNA extraction from peripheral blood by the CTAB/DTAB method, multiplex PCR was used to amplify the IGH rearrangements, followed by capillary electrophoresis. In together, 9.4% of the studied individuals showed monoclonal B cells. This prevalence is significantly higher to those previously described for other populations, but similar to a report in the Spanish population. Among people from the metropolitan area, 12.8% exhibited monoclonal B cells in comparison with 3% of people from the rural area. All individuals showing monoclonal B cells were elder than 40 years. Higher frequency of incomplete monoclonal rearrangements was observed. Individuals from urban areas show significantly increased frequencies of monoclonal B cells regarding the people from the rural area. It is reasonable to believe that the environmental factor could have a greater impact on the development of monoclonality than the genetic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Yair Rodríguez-Preciado
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.,IMSS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Guadalajara, México
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Rodríguez Preciado SY, Barros-Núñez P. El estado mutacional de las inmunoglobulinas en pacientes con leucemia linfocítica crónica: significado y pronóstico. GACETA MEXICANA DE ONCOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gamo.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
The genes encoding the variable (V) region of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) are assembled from V, D (diversity), and J (joining) elements through a RAG-mediated recombination process that relies on the recognition of recombination signal sequences (RSSs) flanking the individual elements. Secondary V(D)J rearrangement modifies the original Ig rearrangement if a nonproductive original joint is formed, as a response to inappropriate signaling from a self-reactive BCR, or as part of a stochastic mechanism to further diversify the Ig repertoire. VH replacement represents a RAG-mediated secondary rearrangement in which an upstream VH element recombines with a rearranged VHDHJH joint to generate a new BCR specificity. The rearrangement occurs between the cryptic RSS of the original VH element and the conventional RSS of the invading VH gene, leaving behind a footprint of up to five base pairs (bps) of the original VH gene that is often further obscured by exonuclease activity and N-nucleotide addition. We have previously demonstrated that VH replacement can efficiently rescue the development of B cells that have acquired two nonproductive heavy chain (IgH) rearrangements. Here we describe a novel knock-in mouse model in which the prerearranged IgH locus resembles an endogenously rearranged productive VHDHJH allele. Using this mouse model, we characterized the role of VH replacement in the diversification of the primary Ig repertoire through the modification of productive VHDHJH rearrangements. Our results indicate that VH replacement occurs before Ig light chain rearrangement and thus is not involved in the editing of self-reactive antibodies.
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Lange MD, Huang L, Yu Y, Li S, Liao H, Zemlin M, Su K, Zhang Z. Accumulation of VH Replacement Products in IgH Genes Derived from Autoimmune Diseases and Anti-Viral Responses in Human. Front Immunol 2014; 5:345. [PMID: 25101087 PMCID: PMC4105631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
VH replacement refers to RAG-mediated secondary recombination of the IgH genes, which renews almost the entire VH gene coding region but retains a short stretch of nucleotides as a VH replacement footprint at the newly generated VH–DH junction. To explore the biological significance of VH replacement to the antibody repertoire, we developed a Java-based VH replacement footprint analyzer program and analyzed the distribution of VH replacement products in 61,851 human IgH gene sequences downloaded from the NCBI database. The initial assignment of the VH, DH, and JH gene segments provided a comprehensive view of the human IgH repertoire. To our interest, the overall frequency of VH replacement products is 12.1%; the frequencies of VH replacement products in IgH genes using different VH germline genes vary significantly. Importantly, the frequencies of VH replacement products are significantly elevated in IgH genes derived from different autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and allergic rhinitis, and in IgH genes encoding various autoantibodies or anti-viral antibodies. The identified VH replacement footprints preferentially encoded charged amino acids to elongate IgH CDR3 regions, which may contribute to their autoreactivities or anti-viral functions. Analyses of the mutation status of the identified VH replacement products suggested that they had been actively involved in immune responses. These results provide a global view of the distribution of VH replacement products in human IgH genes, especially in IgH genes derived from autoimmune diseases and anti-viral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Lange
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Yangsheng Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Hongyan Liao
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - Kaihong Su
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA ; The Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA ; The Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
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Ouled-Haddou H, Ghamlouch H, Regnier A, Trudel S, Herent D, Lefranc MP, Marolleau JP, Gubler B. Characterization of a new V gene replacement in the absence of activation-induced cytidine deaminase and its contribution to human B-cell receptor diversity. Immunology 2014; 141:268-75. [PMID: 24134819 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In B cells, B-cell receptor (BCR) immunoglobulin revision is a common route for modifying unwanted antibody specificities via a mechanism called VH replacement. This in vivo process, mostly affecting heavy-chain rearrangement, involves the replacement of all or part of a previously rearranged IGHV gene with another germline IGHV gene located upstream. Two different mechanisms of IGHV replacement have been reported: type 1, involving the recombination activating genes complex and requiring a framework region 3 internal recombination signal; and type 2, involving an unidentified mechanism different from that of type 1. In the case of light-chain loci, BCR immunoglobulin editing ensures that a second V-J rearrangement occurs. This helps to maintain tolerance, by generating a novel BCR with a new antigenic specificity. We report that human B cells can, surprisingly, undergo type 2 replacement associated with κ light-chain rearrangements. The de novo IGKV-IGKJ products result from the partial replacement of a previously rearranged IGKV gene by a new germline IGKV gene, in-frame and without deletion or addition of nucleotides. There are wrcy/rgyw motifs at the 'IGKV donor-IGKV recipient chimera junction' as described for type 2 IGHV replacement, but activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression was not detected. This unusual mechanism of homologous recombination seems to be a variant of gene conversion-like recombination, which does not require AID. The recombination phenomenon described here provides new insight into immunoglobulin locus recombination and BCR immunoglobulin repertoire diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Ouled-Haddou
- Unité EA4666, SFR CAP Santé, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Unité Inserm U925, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Huang L, Lange MD, Zhang Z. VH Replacement Footprint Analyzer-I, a Java-Based Computer Program for Analyses of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes and Potential VH Replacement Products in Human and Mouse. Front Immunol 2014; 5:40. [PMID: 24575092 PMCID: PMC3918983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
VH replacement occurs through RAG-mediated secondary recombination between a rearranged VH gene and an upstream unrearranged VH gene. Due to the location of the cryptic recombination signal sequence (cRSS, TACTGTG) at the 3′ end of VH gene coding region, a short stretch of nucleotides from the previous rearranged VH gene can be retained in the newly formed VH–DH junction as a “footprint” of VH replacement. Such footprints can be used as markers to identify Ig heavy chain (IgH) genes potentially generated through VH replacement. To explore the contribution of VH replacement products to the antibody repertoire, we developed a Java-based computer program, VH replacement footprint analyzer-I (VHRFA-I), to analyze published or newly obtained IgH genes from human or mouse. The VHRFA-1 program has multiple functional modules: it first uses service provided by the IMGT/V-QUEST program to assign potential VH, DH, and JH germline genes; then, it searches for VH replacement footprint motifs within the VH–DH junction (N1) regions of IgH gene sequences to identify potential VH replacement products; it can also analyze the frequencies of VH replacement products in correlation with publications, keywords, or VH, DH, and JH gene usages, and mutation status; it can further analyze the amino acid usages encoded by the identified VH replacement footprints. In summary, this program provides a useful computation tool for exploring the biological significance of VH replacement products in human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Miles D Lange
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA ; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
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Liu J, Lange MD, Hong SY, Xie W, Xu K, Huang L, Yu Y, Ehrhardt GRA, Zemlin M, Burrows PD, Su K, Carter RH, Zhang Z. Regulation of VH replacement by B cell receptor-mediated signaling in human immature B cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5559-66. [PMID: 23630348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
VH replacement provides a unique RAG-mediated recombination mechanism to edit nonfunctional IgH genes or IgH genes encoding self-reactive BCRs and contributes to the diversification of Ab repertoire in the mouse and human. Currently, it is not clear how VH replacement is regulated during early B lineage cell development. In this article, we show that cross-linking BCRs induces VH replacement in human EU12 μHC(+) cells and in the newly emigrated immature B cells purified from peripheral blood of healthy donors or tonsillar samples. BCR signaling-induced VH replacement is dependent on the activation of Syk and Src kinases but is inhibited by CD19 costimulation, presumably through activation of the PI3K pathway. These results show that VH replacement is regulated by BCR-mediated signaling in human immature B cells, which can be modulated by physiological and pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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