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Molecular evaluation of quorum quenching potential of vanillic acid against Yersinia enterocolitica through transcriptomic and in silico analysis. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:1319-1331. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction.
Yersinia enterocolitica
is one of the leading food-borne entero-pathogens causing various illnesses ranging from gastroenteritis to systemic infections. Quorum sensing (QS) is one of the prime mechanisms that control the virulence in
Y. enterocolitica
.
Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Vanillic acid inhibits the quorum sensing and other virulence factors related to
Y. enterocolitica
. It has been evaluated by transcriptomic and Insilico analysis. Therefore, it can be a prospective agent to develop a therapeutic combination against
Y. enterocolitica
.
Aim. The present study is focused on screening natural anti-quorum-sensing agents against
Y. enterocolitica
. The effect of selected active principle on various virulence factors was evaluated.
Methodology. In total, 12 phytochemicals were screened by swarming assay. MATH assay, EPS and surfactant production assay, SEM analysis, antibiotic and blood sensitivity assay were performed to demonstrate the anti-virulence activity. Further, RNA sequencing and molecular docking studies were carried out to substantiate the anti-QS activity.
Results. Vanillic acid (VA) has exhibited significant motility inhibition, thus indicating the anti-QS activity with MQIC of 400 µg ml−1 without altering the cell viability. It has also inhibited the violacein production in
Chromobacterium violaceum
ATCC 12472, which further confirms the anti-QS activity. VA has inhibited 16 % of cell-surface hydrophobicity (CSH), 52 % of EPS production and 60 % of surfactant production. Moreover, it has increased the sensitivity of
Y. enterocolitica
towards antibiotics. It has also made the cells upto 91 % more vulnerable towards human immune cells. The transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing revealed the down regulation of genes related to motility, virulence, chemotaxis, siderophores and drug resistance. VA treatment has also positively regulated the expression of several stress response genes. In furtherance, the anti-QS potential of VA has been validated with QS regulatory protein YenR by in silico molecular simulation and docking study.
Conclusion. The present study is possibly the first attempt to demonstrate the anti-QS and anti-pathogenic potential of VA against
Y. enterocolitica
by transcriptomic and in silico analysis. It also deciphers that VA can be a promising lead to develop biopreservative and therapeutic regimens to treat
Y. enterocolitica
infections.
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Cabrejos DAL, Alexandrino AV, Pereira CM, Mendonça DC, Pereira HD, Novo-Mansur MTM, Garratt RC, Goto LS. Structural characterization of a pathogenicity-related superoxide dismutase codified by a probably essential gene in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209988. [PMID: 30615696 PMCID: PMC6322740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus canker is a plant disease caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri that affects all domestic varieties of citrus. Some annotated genes from the X. citri subsp. citri genome are assigned to an interesting class named "pathogenicity, virulence and adaptation". Amongst these is sodM, which encodes for the gene product XcSOD, one of four superoxide dismutase homologs predicted from the genome. SODs are widespread enzymes that play roles in the oxidative stress response, catalyzing the degradation of the deleterious superoxide radical. In Xanthomonas, SOD has been associated with pathogenesis as a counter measure against the plant defense response. In this work we initially present the 1.8 Å crystal structure of XcSOD, a manganese containing superoxide dismutase from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The structure bears all the hallmarks of a dimeric member of the MnSOD family, including the conserved hydrogen-bonding network residues. Despite the apparent gene redundancy, several attempts to obtain a sodM deletion mutant were unsuccessful, suggesting the encoded protein to be essential for bacterial survival. This intriguing observation led us to extend our structural studies to the remaining three SOD homologs, for which comparative models were built. The models imply that X. citri subsp. citri produces an iron-containing SOD which is unlikely to be catalytically active along with two conventional Cu,ZnSODs. Although the latter are expected to possess catalytic activity, we propose they may not be able to replace XcSOD for reasons such as distinct subcellular compartmentalization or differential gene expression in pathogenicity-inducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Antonio Leonardo Cabrejos
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Grupo de Cristalografia, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André Vessoni Alexandrino
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada—LBBMA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Malvessi Pereira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada—LBBMA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Cezar Mendonça
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Grupo de Cristalografia, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto D'Muniz Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Grupo de Cristalografia, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Marques Novo-Mansur
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada—LBBMA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard Charles Garratt
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Grupo de Cristalografia, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Seiji Goto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada—LBBMA, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Mechanisms of Bacterial Tolerance and Persistence in the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Environments. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/4/e00023-18. [PMID: 30068737 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00023-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens that infect the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are subjected to intense pressure due to the environmental conditions of the surroundings. This pressure has led to the development of mechanisms of bacterial tolerance or persistence which enable microorganisms to survive in these locations. In this review, we analyze the general stress response (RpoS mediated), reactive oxygen species (ROS) tolerance, energy metabolism, drug efflux pumps, SOS response, quorum sensing (QS) bacterial communication, (p)ppGpp signaling, and toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Helicobacter spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., and Clostridium difficile, all of which inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. The following respiratory tract pathogens are also considered: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cenocepacia, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms regulating the bacterial tolerance and persistence phenotypes is essential in the fight against multiresistant pathogens, as it will enable the identification of new targets for developing innovative anti-infective treatments.
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Corrêa JI, Stocker A, Trindade SC, Vale V, Brito T, Bastos B, Raynal JT, de Miranda PM, de Alcantara AC, Freire SM, Costa LM, Meyer R. In vivo and in vitro expression of five genes involved in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis virulence. AMB Express 2018; 8:89. [PMID: 29846821 PMCID: PMC5976562 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (LC) is a chronic contagious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which mainly affects goats and sheep. Vaccination is an effective but not yet well-established method, partly due to a lack of knowledge surrounding the most effective immunoprotective components. The present study aimed to quantify and compare the in vivo expression of genes pld (phospholipase D), cpp (CP40), nanH (neuraminidase H), sodC (superoxide dismutase C) and spaC (adhesin) using qRT-PCR, with the respective expression in vitro. Caseous material of abscesses removed from five animals was cultured, with colonies suggestive of C. pseudotuberculosis identified. RNA extraction was performed on these samples, as well as on the respective pellets derived from liquid cultures brain heart infusion. After evaluating RNA integrity, complementary DNA was synthesized, followed by the relative quantification each of the genes of interest. Mean mRNA expression of the five genes found in abscesses and in cultures differed significantly, with respective values of: nanH 811.50 ± 198.27 and 359.35 ± 75.45 (p = 0.009); cpp 856.31 ± 385.11 and 154.54 ± 94.34 (p = 0.0039); plD 922.70 ± 450.73 and 212.41 ± 153.10 (p = 0.016); sodC 1,293.53 ± 564.75 and 223.63 ± 145.58 (p = 0.016); spaC 1,157.10 ± 525.13 and 214.26 ± 125.70 (p = 0,016). Expression was observed to be 6–8 times higher in abscesses than in cultures, Indicative that is a genetic expression of the in vitro bacterium exists, yet in vivo has a greater magnitude corroborating to one of these virulence factors in the pathogenesis of LC.
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Hu S, Cao L, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Jiang T, Wang L, Wang Q, Ming D, Chen S, Wang M. Comparative genomic analysis of Myroides odoratimimus isolates. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00634. [PMID: 29797432 PMCID: PMC6391281 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myroides odoratimimus is an important nosocomial pathogen. Management of M. odoratimimus infection is difficult owing to the multidrug resistance and the unknown pathogenesis mechanisms. Based on our previous genomic sequencing data of M. odoratimimus PR63039 (isolated from a patient with the urinary tract infection), in this study, we further performed comparative genomic analysis for 10 selected Myroides strains. Our results showed that these Myroides genome contexts were very similar and phylogenetically related. Various prophages were identified in the four clinical isolate genomes, which possibly contributed to the genome evolution among the Myroides strains. CRISPR elements were only detected in the two clinical (PR63039 and CCUG10230) isolates and two environmental (CCUG12700 and H1bi) strains. With more stringent cutoff parameters in CARD analysis, the four clinical M. odoratimimus contained roughly equal antibiotic resistance genes, indicating their similar antibiotic resistance profiles. The three clinical (CCUG10230, CCUG12901, CIP101113) and three environmental (CCUG12700, L41, H1bi) M. odoratimimus strains were speculated to carry the indistinguishable virulent factors (VFs), which may involve in the similar pathogenesis mechanism. Moreover, some VFs might confer to the high capacity of dissemination, attacking tissue cells and induction of autoimmune complications. Our results facilitate the research of antibiotic resistance and the development of therapeutic regimens for the M. odoratimimus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Cao
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yiyin Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yajun Zhou
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiujing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Desong Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Shicheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mingxi Wang
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Thermostable Fe/Mn superoxide dismutase from Bacillus licheniformis SPB-13 from thermal springs of Himalayan region: Purification, characterization and antioxidative potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1026-1032. [PMID: 29727639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) is an enzyme that scavenges free radicals and increases the longevity. In this study, a thermostable superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Bacillus licheniformis SPB-13, from Himalayan region was purified to homogeneity using ion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sepharose). The SDS and native PAGE analysis showed that SOD is composed of two subunits of 32 kDa each and total molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated as 68 kDa. The specific activity of enzyme was 3965.51 U/mg and was purified to 16.17 folds. The SOD showed maximum activity with 60 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 8.0 for 2 min of incubation. Enzyme along with FeCl3 as metal ion remained active till 70 °C. After reaction variables optimization, enzyme activity increased from 3965.51 to 4015.72 U/mg. Kinetic analysis of SOD showed km of 1.4 mM of NADH and Vmax of 10000 U/mg of protein. Turnover number (kcat) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) were found to be 11,333 s-1 and 7092.2 s-1·mM-1 NADH. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated as 2.67 kJ·mol-1. After typing, it was found to be a member of Fe/Mn SOD family with IC50 value of 25 μg/ml, prevented the cell death at a concentration of 30 μg/ml and it increased the cell viability by 30%.
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Dhar MS, Virdi JS. Strategies used by Yersinia enterocolitica to evade killing by the host: thinking beyond Yops. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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