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Retraction: The Early Stage Formation of PI3K-AMPAR GluR2 Subunit Complex Facilitates the Long Term Neuroprotection Induced by Propofol Post-Conditioning in Rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196886. [PMID: 29715286 PMCID: PMC5929498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Lv MR, Li B, Wang MG, Meng FG, Yu JJ, Guo F, Li Y. RETRACTED: Activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway promotes neuroprotection of the δ-opioid receptor agonist against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat models. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:230-237. [PMID: 28645007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The authors contacted the journal to request a retraction: "Recently, we found that some experimental animal samples from another research were mistakenly used in this paper, resulting in the results and conclusions unreliable". Concern was also raised about the reliability of the brain section images in Figure 1, which seem to appear in other publications, as detailed here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/8AF402957928F3F27A1F46B6D556AD; and here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1r0MyIYpagBc58BRF9c3luWNlCX8VUvUuPyYYXzxWvgY/edit#gid=262337249. In addition, suspected image duplications were detected in Figures 2A, 3B and 4B. The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. The author did not fulfil this request and the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Rong Lv
- Department of Nursing, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Ming-Guang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Fan-Guo Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- Outpatient Operating Room, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China.
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Fan J, Zhou Q, Qin Z, Tao T. Effect of propofol on microRNA expression in rat primary embryonic neural stem cells. BMC Anesthesiol 2016; 16:95. [PMID: 27737635 PMCID: PMC5064799 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-016-0259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic that is well-known for its protective effect in various human and animal disease models. However, the effects of propofol on neurogenesis, especially on the development of neural stem cells (NSCs), remains unknown. Related microRNAs may act as important regulators in this process. METHODS Published Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSets related to propofol were selected and re-analyzed to screen neural development-related genes and predict microRNA (miRNA) expression using bioinformatic methods. Screening of the genes and miRNAs was then validated by qRT-PCR analysis of propofol-treated primary embryonic NSCs. RESULTS Four differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the screen and 19 miRNAs were predicted based on a published GEO DataSet. Two of four mRNAs and four of 19 predicted miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR analysis of propofol-treated NSCs. Rno-miR-19a (Rno, Rattus Norvegicus) and rno-miR-137, and their target gene EGR2, as well as rno-miR-19b-2 and rno-miR-214 and their target gene ARC were found to be closely related to neural developmental processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of NSCs. CONCLUSION Propofol influences miRNA expression; however, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effects of propofol on the four miRNAs and their target genes identified in this study. In particular, the influence of propofol on the entire development process of NSCs remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zaisheng Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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Wang Z, Fan J, Wang J, Li Y, Duan D, Du G, Wang Q. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces long-lasting cognitive deficits accompanied by long-term hippocampal silent synapses increase in rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 301:243-52. [PMID: 26756439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction underlies cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). There are silent synapses in neural circuits, but the effect of CCH on silent synapses is unknown. The present study was designed to explore learning and memory deficits and dynamic changes in silent synapses by direct visualization in a rat model of CCH. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) to reproduce CCH. Learning and memory effects were examined at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after BCCAO. In addition, immunofluorescent confocal microscopy was used to detect AMPA and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors colocalized with synaptophysin, and Golgi-Cox staining was used to observe dendritic spine density. We found that BCCAO rats exhibited recognition memory deficits from 4 weeks; spatial learning and memory, as well as working memory impairment began at 1 week and persistent to 24 weeks after surgery. Following BCCAO, the percentage of silent synapses increased by 29.81-55.08% compared with the controls at different time points (P<0.001). Compared with control groups, dendritic spine density in the CA1 region of BCCAO groups significantly decreased (P<0.001). Thus, the present study suggests that CCH can induce long-lasting cognitive deficits and long-term increase in the number of silent synapses. Furthermore, the decrease in dendritic spine density was correlated with the decrease in the number of functional synapses. The results suggest a potential mechanism by which CCH can induce learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- The Graduate Management Team, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Dan Duan
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Guo Du
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China.
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Koh SH, Lo EH. The Role of the PI3K Pathway in the Regeneration of the Damaged Brain by Neural Stem Cells after Cerebral Infarction. J Clin Neurol 2015; 11:297-304. [PMID: 26320845 PMCID: PMC4596106 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2015.11.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic deficits resulting from stroke remain largely intractable, which has prompted thousands of studies aimed at developing methods for treating these neurologic sequelae. Endogenous neurogenesis is also known to occur after brain damage, including that due to cerebral infarction. Focusing on this process may provide a solution for treating neurologic deficits caused by cerebral infarction. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is known to play important roles in cell survival, and many studies have focused on use of the PI3K pathway to treat brain injury after stroke. Furthermore, since the PI3K pathway may also play key roles in the physiology of neural stem cells (NSCs), eliciting the appropriate activation of the PI3K pathway in NSCs may help to improve the sequelae of cerebral infarction. This review describes the PI3K pathway, its roles in the brain and NSCs after cerebral infarction, and the therapeutic possibility of activating the pathway to improve neurologic deficits after cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Koh
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hu N, Wang M, Xie K, Wang H, Wang C, Wang C, Wang C, Li Y, Yu Y, Wang G. Internalization of GluA2 and the underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline in aged rats following surgery and prolonged exposure to sevoflurane. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:94-103. [PMID: 26045204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We revealed that a high concentration of sevoflurane exacerbated cognitive impairment in aged rats, and the inhibition of GluA2 subunit internalization facilitated neuroprotection after a cerebral ischemic injury. However, the trafficking of GluA2 in POCD and its underlying mechanism are not clear. We thus detected the effects of sevoflurane for different inhalation durations on postoperative cognitive function and investigated the role of GluA2 subunit trafficking in this process. METHODS A rat model of orthopedic surgery was performed with different durations of 1.5 MAC sevoflurane inhalation. Cognitive function was evaluated by manipulating the Y maze and fear conditioning tests for 7 days after experiments. Western blot, ELISA and coimmunoprecipitation were applied to analyze GluA2 internalization, PI3K expression and its activity, as well as alterations to the MEF2-Arc pathway in the hippocampus. Neuron apoptosis and the spine morphology in the hippocampus were also observed. RESULTS We found that neuron apoptosis and GluA2 internalization increased following surgery and 1.5 MAC sevoflurane inhalation for 2h, possibly due to the decrease of the PI3K-GluA2 complex and PI3K activity in the hippocampus after prolonged 1.5 MAC sevoflurane inhalation. We also observed that the MEF2-Arc pathway contributed to long-term cognitive function, which also impaired the spinal morphology after 1.5 MAC sevoflurane inhalation for 2h. CONCLUSION The above results suggest that 1.5 MAC sevoflurane inhalation for 2h potentiated surgery-impaired cognitive function and that the inhibition of PI3K-AMPAR GluA2 as well as activation of the MEF2-Arc signal pathway contributes to different stages of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
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Wang H, Liu S, Wang H, Wang G, Zhu A. The effect of propofol postconditioning on the expression of K(+)-Cl(-)-co-transporter 2 in GABAergic inhibitory interneurons of acute ischemia/reperfusion injury rats. Brain Res 2015; 1597:210-9. [PMID: 25463027 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown in our previous study that propofol postconditioning enhanced the activity of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and prevented the internalization of GluR2 subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, thus provided neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Regarding inhibitory system in CNS, K(+)-Cl(-)-co-transporter 2 (KCC2), a Cl(-) extruder, plays a critical role in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory effect in mature central neurons. However, the effect of propofol postconditioning on the expression of KCC2 in GABAergic interneurons is unclear. Therefore, in this article we describe the role of KCC2 in GABAergic interneurons in the ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 region of adult rats and the effects of propofol postconditioning on this region. Herein we demonstrate that propofol postconditioning (20mg/kg/h, 2h) improved rats' neurobehavioral abilities, increased the number of survival neurons, and up-regulated neuronal KCC2 expression in glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) expressing GABAergic interneurons in hippocampal CA1 region at 24h after I/R. In contrast, when rats were injected with the KCC2 antagonist, [(dihydroindenyl)oxy] alkanoic acid (DIOA), the neuroprotective effects induced by propofol postconditioning were reversed. Our study indicated that propofol postconditioning increased the expression of KCC2 in inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, thus providing acute neuroprotection to rats who had undergone cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People׳s Republic of China.
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Ai Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People׳s Republic of China
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Zhang DX, Ding HZ, Jiang S, Zeng YM, Tang QF. Anin vitrostudy of the neuroprotective effect of propofol on hypoxic hippocampal slice. Brain Inj 2014; 28:1758-65. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.947624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Propofol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and myocardial depression through decreasing the generation of superoxide anion in cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:157376. [PMID: 25180066 PMCID: PMC4144395 DOI: 10.1155/2014/157376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α has been shown to be a major factor responsible for myocardial depression in sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an anesthetic, propofol, on TNF-α expression in cardiomyocytes treated with LPS both in vivo and in vitro. In cultured cardiomyocytes, compared with control group, propofol significantly reduced protein expression of gp91phox and phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK, which associates with reduced TNF-α production. In in vivo mice studies, propofol significantly improved myocardial depression and increased survival rate of mice after LPS treatment or during endotoxemia, which associates with reduced myocardial TNF-α production, gp91phox, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK. It is concluded that propofol abrogates LPS-induced TNF-α production and alleviates cardiac depression through gp91phox/ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK signal pathway. These findings have great clinical importance in the application of propofol for patients enduring sepsis.
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Yang DJ, Wang XL, Ismail A, Ashman CJ, Valori CF, Wang G, Gao S, Higginbottom A, Ince PG, Azzouz M, Xu J, Shaw PJ, Ning K. PTEN regulates AMPA receptor-mediated cell viability in iPS-derived motor neurons. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1096. [PMID: 24577094 PMCID: PMC3944269 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory transmission in the brain is commonly mediated by the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), AMPA receptors allow cytotoxic levels of calcium into neurons, contributing to motor neuron injury. We have previously shown that oculomotor neurons resistant to the disease process in ALS show reduced AMPA-mediated inward calcium currents compared with vulnerable spinal motor neurons. We have also shown that PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) knockdown via siRNA promotes motor neuron survival in models of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and ALS. It has been reported that inhibition of PTEN attenuates the death of hippocampal neurons post injury by decreasing the effective translocation of the GluR2 subunit into the membrane. In addition, leptin can regulate AMPA receptor trafficking via PTEN inhibition. Thus, we speculate that manipulation of AMPA receptors by PTEN may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroprotective intervention in ALS and other neurodegenerative disorders. To this end, the first step is to establish a fibroblast-iPS-motor neuron in vitro cell model to study AMPA receptor manipulation. Here we report that iPS-derived motor neurons from human fibroblasts express AMPA receptors. PTEN depletion decreases AMPA receptor expression and AMPA-mediated whole-cell currents, resulting in inhibition of AMPA-induced neuronal death in primary cultured and iPS-derived motor neurons. Taken together, our results imply that PTEN depletion may protect motor neurons by inhibition of excitatory transmission that represents a therapeutic strategy of potential benefit for the amelioration of excitotoxicity in ALS and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-J Yang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X-L Wang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - A Ismail
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C J Ashman
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C F Valori
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G Wang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Gao
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - A Higginbottom
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P G Ince
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Azzouz
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - P J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Ning
- 1] East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Saporito A, Sturini E. Incidence of postoperative delirium is high even in a population without known risk factors. J Anesth 2013; 28:198-201. [PMID: 24068571 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-013-1706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative delirium is a recognized complication in populations at risk. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of early postoperative delirium in a population without known risk factors admitted to the ICU for postoperative monitoring after elective major surgery. The secondary outcome investigated is to identify eventual independent risk factors among demographic data and anesthetic drugs used. METHODS An observational, prospective study was conducted on a consecutive cohort of patients admitted to our ICU within and for at least 24 h after major surgical procedures. Exclusion criteria were any preexisting predisposing factor for delirium or other potentially confounding neurological dysfunctions. Patients were assessed daily using the confusion assessment method for the ICU scale for 3 days after the surgical procedure. Early postoperative delirium incidence risk factors were then assessed through three different multiple regression models. RESULTS According to the confusion assessment method for the ICU scale, 28 % of patients were diagnosed with early postoperative delirium. The use of thiopentone was significantly associated with an eight-fold-higher risk for delirium compared to propofol (57.1% vs. 7.1%, RR = 8.0, χ2 = 4.256; df = 1; 0.05 < p < 0.02). CONCLUSION In this study early postoperative delirium was found to be a very common complication after major surgery, even in a population without known risk factors. Thiopentone was independently associated with an increase in its relative risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Saporito
- Service of Anesthesiology, Bellinzona Regional Hospital, Via Ospedale 1, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland,
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Woodbury A, Yu SP, Wei L, García P. Neuro-modulating effects of honokiol: a review. Front Neurol 2013; 4:130. [PMID: 24062717 PMCID: PMC3769637 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol is a poly-phenolic compound that exerts neuroprotective properties through a variety of mechanisms. It has therapeutic potential in anxiety, pain, cerebrovascular injury, epilepsy, and cognitive disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. It has been traditionally used in medical practices throughout much of Southeast Asia, but has now become more widely studied due to its pleiotropic effects. Most current research regarding this compound has focused on its chemotherapeutic properties. However, it has the potential to be an effective neuroprotective agent as well. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective and anesthetic effects of this compound and identifies potential areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woodbury
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA
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