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Li SJ, Lo YC, Tseng HY, Lin SH, Kuo CH, Chen TC, Chang CW, Liang YW, Lin YC, Wang CY, Cho TY, Wang MH, Chen CT, Chen YY. Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation improves depressive-like behaviors through BDNF-mediated alterations in brain functional connectivity of dopaminergic pathway. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 26:100566. [PMID: 37664874 PMCID: PMC10474237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), a common psychiatric condition, adversely affects patients' moods and quality of life. Despite the development of various treatments, many patients with MDD remain vulnerable and inadequately controlled. Since anhedonia is a feature of depression and there is evidence of leading to metabolic disorder, deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) might be promising in modulating the dopaminergic pathway. To determine whether NAc-DBS alters glucose metabolism via mitochondrial alteration and neurogenesis and whether these changes increase neural plasticity that improves behavioral functions in a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model. The Lab-designed MR-compatible neural probes were implanted in the bilateral NAc of C57BL/6 mice with and without CSDS, followed by DBS or sham stimulation. All animals underwent open-field and sucrose preference testing, and brain resting-state functional MRI analysis. Meanwhile, we checked the placement of neural probes in each mouse by T2 images. By confirming the placement location, mice with incorrect probe placement (the negative control group) showed no significant therapeutic effects in behavioral performance and functional connectivity (FC) after receiving electrical stimulation and were excluded from further analysis. Western blotting, seahorse metabolic analysis, and electron microscopy were further applied for the investigation of NAc-DBS. We found NAc-DBS restored emotional deficits in CSDS-subjected mice. Concurrent with behavioral amelioration, the CSDS DBS-on group exhibited enhanced FC in the dopaminergic pathway with increased expression of BDNF- and NeuN-positive cells increased dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptors, and TH in the medial prefrontal cortex, NAc, ventral hippocampus, ventral tegmental area, and amygdala. Increased pAMPK/total AMPK and PGC-1α levels, functions of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis were also observed after NAc-DBS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that NAc-DBS can promote BDNF expression, which alters FC and metabolic profile in the dopaminergic pathway, suggesting a potential strategy for ameliorating emotional processes in individuals with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Huang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97002, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Taipei, 115024, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsai-Yu Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-Hua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Te Chen
- Abbott Medical Taiwan Co, 5/F No. 407, Ruei-Guang Rd., Taipei, 11492, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
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Liang YW, Lai ML, Chiu FM, Tseng HY, Lo YC, Li SJ, Chang CW, Chen PC, Chen YY. Experimental Verification for Numerical Simulation of Thalamic Stimulation-Evoked Calcium-Sensitive Fluorescence and Electrophysiology with Self-Assembled Multifunctional Optrode. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:265. [PMID: 36832031 PMCID: PMC9953878 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its capacity to eliminate a long-standing methodological limitation, fiber photometry can assist research gaining novel insight into neural systems. Fiber photometry can reveal artifact-free neural activity under deep brain stimulation (DBS). Although evoking neural potential with DBS is an effective method for mediating neural activity and neural function, the relationship between DBS-evoked neural Ca2+ change and DBS-evoked neural electrophysiology remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, a self-assembled optrode was demonstrated as a DBS stimulator and an optical biosensor capable of concurrently recording Ca2+ fluorescence and electrophysiological signals. Before the in vivo experiment, the volume of tissue activated (VTA) was estimated, and the simulated Ca2+ signals were presented using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to approach the realistic in vivo environment. When VTA and the simulated Ca2+ signals were combined, the distribution of simulated Ca2+ fluorescence signals matched the VTA region. In addition, the in vivo experiment revealed a correlation between the local field potential (LFP) and the Ca2+ fluorescence signal in the evoked region, revealing the relationship between electrophysiology and the performance of neural Ca2+ concentration behavior. Concurrent with the VTA volume, simulated Ca2+ intensity, and the in vivo experiment, these data suggested that the behavior of neural electrophysiology was consistent with the phenomenon of Ca2+ influx to neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Liang Lai
- Graduate Institute of Intellectual Property, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Mao Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wei L, Zhang X, Jin C, Yang J, Li Z, Liang S. The current status and trend of the functional magnetic resonance combined with stimulation in animals. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:963175. [PMID: 36213733 PMCID: PMC9540855 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.963175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non-radiative, non-invasive imaging technique, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has excellent effects on studying the activation of blood oxygen levels and functional connectivity of the brain in human and animal models. Compared with resting-state fMRI, fMRI combined with stimulation could be used to assess the activation of specific brain regions and the connectivity of specific pathways and achieve better signal capture with a clear purpose and more significant results. Various fMRI methods and specific stimulation paradigms have been proposed to investigate brain activation in a specific state, such as electrical, mechanical, visual, olfactory, and direct brain stimulation. In this review, the studies on animal brain activation using fMRI combined with different stimulation methods were retrieved. The instruments, experimental parameters, anesthesia, and animal models in different stimulation conditions were summarized. The findings would provide a reference for studies on estimating specific brain activation using fMRI combined with stimulation.
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Chao THH, Zhang WT, Hsu LM, Cerri DH, Wang TW, Shih YYI. Computing hemodynamic response functions from concurrent spectral fiber-photometry and fMRI data. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032205. [PMID: 35005057 PMCID: PMC8734587 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Although emerging evidence suggests that the hemodynamic response function (HRF) can vary by brain region and species, a single, canonical, human-based HRF is widely used in animal studies. Therefore, the development of flexible, accessible, brain-region specific HRF calculation approaches is paramount as hemodynamic animal studies become increasingly popular. Aim: To establish an fMRI-compatible, spectral, fiber-photometry platform for HRF calculation and validation in any rat brain region. Approach: We used our platform to simultaneously measure (a) neuronal activity via genetically encoded calcium indicators (GCaMP6f), (b) local cerebral blood volume (CBV) from intravenous Rhodamine B dye, and (c) whole brain CBV via fMRI with the Feraheme contrast agent. Empirical HRFs were calculated with GCaMP6f and Rhodamine B recordings from rat brain regions during resting-state and task-based paradigms. Results: We calculated empirical HRFs for the rat primary somatosensory, anterior cingulate, prelimbic, retrosplenial, and anterior insular cortical areas. Each HRF was faster and narrower than the canonical HRF and no significant difference was observed between these cortical regions. When used in general linear model analyses of corresponding fMRI data, the empirical HRFs showed better detection performance than the canonical HRF. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the viability and utility of fiber-photometry-based HRF calculations. This platform is readily scalable to multiple simultaneous recording sites, and adaptable to study transfer functions between stimulation events, neuronal activity, neurotransmitter release, and hemodynamic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao H. Chao
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Wei-Ting Zhang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Li-Ming Hsu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Domenic H. Cerri
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Tzu-Wen Wang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
| | - Yen-Yu I. Shih
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Animal MRI, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill. North Carolina, United States
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Nayak R, Lee J, Chantigian S, Fatemi M, Chang SY, Alizad A. Imaging the response to deep brain stimulation in rodent using functional ultrasound. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:05LT01. [PMID: 33482648 PMCID: PMC7920924 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abdee5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the feasibility of using functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging to visualize cerebral activation associated with thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS), in rodents. The ventrolateral (VL) thalamus was stimulated using electrical pulses of low and high frequencies of 10 and 100 Hz, respectively, and multiple voltages (1-7 V) and pulse widths (50-1500 μs). The fUS imaging demonstrated DBS-evoked activation of cerebral cortex based on changes of cerebral blood volume, specifically at the primary motor cortex (PMC). Low frequency stimulation (LFS) demonstrated significantly higher PMC activation compared to higher frequency stimulation (HFS), at intensities (5-7 V). Whereas, at lower intensities (1-3 V), only HFS demonstrated visible PMC activation. Further, LFS-evoked cerebral activation was was primarily located at the PMC. Our data presents the functionality and feasibility of fUS imaging as an investigational tool to identify brain areas associated with DBS. This preliminary study is an important stepping stone towards conducting real-time functional ultrasound imaging of DBS in awake and behaving animal models, which is of significant interest to the community for studying motor-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Nayak
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Jeyeon Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Siobhan Chantigian
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Su-Youne Chang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Azra Alizad
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
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Full activation pattern mapping by simultaneous deep brain stimulation and fMRI with graphene fiber electrodes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1788. [PMID: 32286290 PMCID: PMC7156737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous deep brain stimulation (DBS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) constitutes a powerful tool for elucidating brain functional connectivity, and exploring neuromodulatory mechanisms of DBS therapies. Previous DBS-fMRI studies could not provide full activation pattern maps due to poor MRI compatibility of the DBS electrodes, which caused obstruction of large brain areas on MRI scans. Here, we fabricate graphene fiber (GF) electrodes with high charge-injection-capacity and little-to-no MRI artifact at 9.4T. DBS-fMRI with GF electrodes at the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinsonian rats reveal robust blood-oxygenation-level-dependent responses along the basal ganglia-thalamocortical network in a frequency-dependent manner, with responses from some regions not previously detectable. This full map indicates that STN-DBS modulates both motor and non-motor pathways, possibly through orthodromic and antidromic signal propagation. With the capability for full, unbiased activation pattern mapping, DBS-fMRI using GF electrodes can provide important insights into DBS therapeutic mechanisms in various neurological disorders. Combination of fMRI and deep brain stimulation (DBS) allows for large-scale mapping of brain responses to DBS. Here the authors develop highly MRI compatible graphene fiber electrodes for full brain activation pattern mapping under DBS in Parkinsonian rats.
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Lin TC, Lo YC, Lin HC, Li SJ, Lin SH, Wu HF, Chu MC, Lee CW, Lin IC, Chang CW, Liu YC, Chen TC, Lin YJ, Ian Shih YY, Chen YY. MR imaging central thalamic deep brain stimulation restored autistic-like social deficits in the rat. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:1410-1420. [PMID: 31324604 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social deficit is a core symptom in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proposed as a potential treatment for ASD, an ideal target nucleus is yet to be identified. DBS at the central thalamic nucleus (CTN) is known to alter corticostriatal and limbic circuits, and subsequently increase the exploratory motor behaviors, cognitive performance, and skill learning in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVE We first investigated the ability of CTN-DBS to selectively engage distinct brain circuits and compared the spatial distribution of evoked network activity and modulation. Second, we investigated whether CTN-DBS intervention improves social interaction in a valproic acid-exposed ASD rat offspring model. METHODS Brain regions activated through CTN-DBS by using a magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible neural probe, which is capable of inducing site-selective microstimulations during functional MRI (fMRI), were investigated. We then performed functional connectivity MRI, the three-chamber social interaction test, and Western blotting analyses to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CTN-DBS in an ASD rat offspring model. RESULTS The DBS-evoked fMRI results indicated that the activated brain regions were mainly located in cortical areas, limbic-related areas, and the dorsal striatum. We observed restoration of brain functional connectivity (FC) in corticostriatal and corticolimbic circuits after CTN-DBS, accompanied with increased social interaction and decreased social avoidance in the three-chamber social interaction test. The dopamine D2 receptor decreased significantly after CTN-DBS treatment, suggesting changes in synaptic plasticity and alterations in the brain circuits. CONCLUSIONS Applying CTN-DBS to ASD rat offspring increased FC and altered the synaptic plasticity in the corticolimbic and the corticostriatal circuits. This suggests that CTN-DBS could be an effective treatment for improving the social behaviors of individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chun Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Shuang Ho Hospital, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ssu-Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Huang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, No. 707, Sec. 3, Chung Yang Rd, Hualien, 97002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Fang Wu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chia Chu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wei Lee
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Cheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yin-Chieh Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No.21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd, New Taipei City, 22060, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Departments of Neurology, Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Research Imaging Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Rd, CB# 7513, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC; The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
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Peng SL, Chen CM, Huang CY, Shih CT, Huang CW, Chiu SC, Shen WC. Effects of Hemodynamic Response Function Selection on Rat fMRI Statistical Analyses. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:400. [PMID: 31114471 PMCID: PMC6503084 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of the appropriate hemodynamic response function (HRF) for signal modeling in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is important. Although the use of the boxcar-shaped hemodynamic response function (BHRF) and canonical hemodynamic response (CHRF) has gained increasing popularity in rodent fMRI studies, whether the selected HRF affects the results of rodent fMRI has not been fully elucidated. Here we investigated the signal change and t-statistic sensitivities of BHRF, CHRF, and impulse response function (IRF). The effect of HRF selection on different tasks was analyzed by using data collected from two groups of rats receiving either 3 mA whisker pad or 3 mA forepaw electrical stimulations (n = 10 for each group). Under whisker pad stimulation with large blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal change (4.31 ± 0.42%), BHRF significantly underestimated signal changes (P < 0.001) and t-statistics (P < 0.001) compared with CHRF or IRF. CHRF and IRF did not provide significantly different t-statistics (P > 0.05). Under forepaw stimulation with small BOLD signal change (1.71 ± 0.34%), different HRFs provided insignificantly different t-statistics (P > 0.05). Therefore, the selected HRF can influence data analysis in rodent fMRI experiments with large BOLD responses but not in those with small BOLD responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-You Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Shih
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Wei Huang
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chieh Chiu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chung Shen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Asaad M, Lee JH. A guide to using functional magnetic resonance imaging to study Alzheimer's disease in animal models. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm031724. [PMID: 29784664 PMCID: PMC5992611 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a leading healthcare challenge facing our society today. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain has played an important role in our efforts to understand how Alzheimer's disease alters brain function. Using fMRI in animal models of Alzheimer's disease has the potential to provide us with a more comprehensive understanding of the observations made in human clinical fMRI studies. However, using fMRI in animal models of Alzheimer's disease presents some unique challenges. Here, we highlight some of these challenges and discuss potential solutions for researchers interested in performing fMRI in animal models. First, we briefly summarize our current understanding of Alzheimer's disease from a mechanistic standpoint. We then overview the wide array of animal models available for studying this disease and how to choose the most appropriate model to study, depending on which aspects of the condition researchers seek to investigate. Finally, we discuss the contributions of fMRI to our understanding of Alzheimer's disease and the issues to consider when designing fMRI studies for animal models, such as differences in brain activity based on anesthetic choice and ways to interrogate more specific questions in rodents beyond those that can be addressed in humans. The goal of this article is to provide information on the utility of fMRI, and approaches to consider when using fMRI, for studies of Alzheimer's disease in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Asaad
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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MB-SWIFT functional MRI during deep brain stimulation in rats. Neuroimage 2017; 159:443-448. [PMID: 28797739 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently introduced 3D radial MRI pulse sequence entitled Multi-Band SWeep Imaging with Fourier Transformation (MB-SWIFT) having virtually zero acquisition delay was used to obtain functional MRI (fMRI) contrast in rat's brain at 9.4 T during deep brain stimulation (DBS). The results demonstrate that MB-SWIFT allows functional images free of susceptibility artifacts, and provides an excellent fMRI activation contrast in the brain. Flip angle dependence of the MB-SWIFT fMRI signal and elimination of the fMRI contrast while using saturation bands, indicate a blood flow origin of the observed fMRI contrast. MB-SWIFT fMRI modality permits activation studies in the close proximity to an implanted lead, which is not possible to achieve with conventionally used gradient echo and spin echo - echo planar imaging fMRI techniques. We conclude that MB-SWIFT fMRI is a powerful imaging modality for investigations of functional responses during DBS.
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Lehto LJ, Slopsema JP, Johnson MD, Shatillo A, Teplitzky BA, Utecht L, Adriany G, Mangia S, Sierra A, Low WC, Gröhn O, Michaeli S. Orientation selective deep brain stimulation. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:016016. [PMID: 28068296 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Target selectivity of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy is critical, as the precise locus and pattern of the stimulation dictates the degree to which desired treatment responses are achieved and adverse side effects are avoided. There is a clear clinical need to improve DBS technology beyond currently available stimulation steering and shaping approaches. We introduce orientation selective neural stimulation as a concept to increase the specificity of target selection in DBS. APPROACH This concept, which involves orienting the electric field along an axonal pathway, was tested in the corpus callosum of the rat brain by freely controlling the direction of the electric field on a plane using a three-electrode bundle, and monitoring the response of the neurons using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Computational models were developed to further analyze axonal excitability for varied electric field orientation. MAIN RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the strongest fMRI response was observed when the electric field was oriented parallel to the axons, while almost no response was detected with the perpendicular orientation of the electric field relative to the primary fiber tract. These results were confirmed by computational models of the experimental paradigm quantifying the activation of radially distributed axons while varying the primary direction of the electric field. SIGNIFICANCE The described strategies identify a new course for selective neuromodulation paradigms in DBS based on axonal fiber orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri J Lehto
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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12
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Rangarajan JR, Vande Velde G, van Gent F, De Vloo P, Dresselaers T, Depypere M, van Kuyck K, Nuttin B, Himmelreich U, Maes F. Image-based in vivo assessment of targeting accuracy of stereotactic brain surgery in experimental rodent models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38058. [PMID: 27901096 PMCID: PMC5128925 DOI: 10.1038/srep38058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic neurosurgery is used in pre-clinical research of neurological and psychiatric disorders in experimental rat and mouse models to engraft a needle or electrode at a pre-defined location in the brain. However, inaccurate targeting may confound the results of such experiments. In contrast to the clinical practice, inaccurate targeting in rodents remains usually unnoticed until assessed by ex vivo end-point histology. We here propose a workflow for in vivo assessment of stereotactic targeting accuracy in small animal studies based on multi-modal post-operative imaging. The surgical trajectory in each individual animal is reconstructed in 3D from the physical implant imaged in post-operative CT and/or its trace as visible in post-operative MRI. By co-registering post-operative images of individual animals to a common stereotaxic template, targeting accuracy is quantified. Two commonly used neuromodulation regions were used as targets. Target localization errors showed not only variability, but also inaccuracy in targeting. Only about 30% of electrodes were within the subnucleus structure that was targeted and a-specific adverse effects were also noted. Shifting from invasive/subjective 2D histology towards objective in vivo 3D imaging-based assessment of targeting accuracy may benefit a more effective use of the experimental data by excluding off-target cases early in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Raman Rangarajan
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT/PSI), KU Leuven & Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Biomedical MRI unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Friso van Gent
- Biomedical MRI unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Laboratory for Experimental Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Vloo
- Laboratory for Experimental Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Biomedical MRI unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Maarten Depypere
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT/PSI), KU Leuven & Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kris van Kuyck
- Laboratory for Experimental Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Bart Nuttin
- Laboratory for Experimental Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Biomedical MRI unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Frederik Maes
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT/PSI), KU Leuven & Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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Thinschmidt JS, Colon-Perez LM, Febo M, Caballero S, King MA, White FA, Grant MB. Depressed basal hypothalamic neuronal activity in type-1 diabetic mice is correlated with proinflammatory secretion of HMBG1. Neurosci Lett 2016; 615:21-7. [PMID: 26777426 PMCID: PMC5399679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently found indicators of hypothalamic inflammation and neurodegeneration linked to the loss of neuroprotective factors including insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-3) in mice made diabetic using streptozotocin (STZ). In the current work, a genetic model of type-1 diabetes (Ins2(Akita) mouse) was used to evaluate changes in neuronal activity and concomitant changes in the proinflammatory mediator high-mobility group box-1 (HMBG1). We found basal hypothalamic neuronal activity as indicated by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) was significantly decreased in 8 months old, but not 2 months old Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice compared to controls. In tissue from the same animals we evaluated the expression of HMBG1 using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. We found decreased HMBG1 nuclear localization in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in 8 months old, but not 2 months old diabetic animals indicating nuclear release of the protein consistent with an inflammatory state. Adjacent thalamic regions showed little change in HMBG1 nuclear localization and neuronal activity as a result of diabetes. This work extends our previous findings demonstrating changes consistent with hypothalamic neuroinflammation in STZ treated animals, and shows active inflammatory processes are correlated with changes in basal hypothalamic neuronal activity in Ins2(Akita) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Thinschmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sergio Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael A King
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.
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14
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Hsieh M, Kuo L, Huang Y, Chen J. Investigating hyperoxic effects in the rat brain using quantitative susceptibility mapping based on MRI phase. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:592-602. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Chi Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 106 Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 106 Taiwan
- Department of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Li‐Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research InstitutesMiaoli County 350 Taiwan
| | - Yun‐An Huang
- Department of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Horng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 106 Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 106 Taiwan
- Department of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei 106 Taiwan
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15
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Thinschmidt JS, King MA, Korah M, Perez PD, Febo M, Miyan J, Grant MB. Central neural activation following contact sensitivity peripheral immune challenge: evidence of brain-immune regulation through C fibres. Immunology 2015; 146:206-16. [PMID: 25967648 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that peripheral immune challenges will produce predictable activation patterns in the rat brain consistent with sympathetic excitation. As part of examining this hypothesis, this study asked whether central activation is dependent on capsaicin-sensitive C-fibres. We induced skin contact sensitivity immune responses with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), in the presence or absence of the acute C-fibre toxin capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) to trigger immune responses with and without diminished activity of C-fibres. Innovative blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data revealed that the skin contact sensitivity immune responses induced with DNCB were associated with localized increases in brain neuronal activity in treated rats. This response was diminished by pre-treatment with capsaicin 1 week before scans. In the same animals, we found expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos in sub-regions of the amygdala and hypothalamic sympathetic brain nuclei. Significant increases in c-Fos expression were found in the supraoptic nucleus, central amygdala and medial habenula following immune challenges. Our results support the idea that selective brain regions, some of which are associated with sympathetic function, process or modulate immune function through pathways that are partially dependent on C-fibres. Together with previous studies demonstrating the motor control pathways from brain to immune targets, these findings indicate a central neuroimmune system to monitor host status and coordinate appropriate host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Thinschmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida & North Florida/South Georgia VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael A King
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida & North Florida/South Georgia VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria Korah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida & North Florida/South Georgia VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pablo D Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jaleel Miyan
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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16
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Van Den Berge N, Vanhove C, Descamps B, Dauwe I, van Mierlo P, Vonck K, Keereman V, Raedt R, Boon P, Van Holen R. Functional MRI during Hippocampal Deep Brain Stimulation in the Healthy Rat Brain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133245. [PMID: 26193653 PMCID: PMC4508110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders. The mechanism of action and the effects of electrical fields administered to the brain by means of an electrode remain to be elucidated. The effects of DBS have been investigated primarily by electrophysiological and neurochemical studies, which lack the ability to investigate DBS-related responses on a whole-brain scale. Visualization of whole-brain effects of DBS requires functional imaging techniques such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), which reflects changes in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses throughout the entire brain volume. In order to visualize BOLD responses induced by DBS, we have developed an MRI-compatible electrode and an acquisition protocol to perform DBS during BOLD fMRI. In this study, we investigate whether DBS during fMRI is valuable to study local and whole-brain effects of hippocampal DBS and to investigate the changes induced by different stimulation intensities. Seven rats were stereotactically implanted with a custom-made MRI-compatible DBS-electrode in the right hippocampus. High frequency Poisson distributed stimulation was applied using a block-design paradigm. Data were processed by means of Independent Component Analysis. Clusters were considered significant when p-values were <0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons. Our data indicate that real-time hippocampal DBS evokes a bilateral BOLD response in hippocampal and other mesolimbic structures, depending on the applied stimulation intensity. We conclude that simultaneous DBS and fMRI can be used to detect local and whole-brain responses to circuit activation with different stimulation intensities, making this technique potentially powerful for exploration of cerebral changes in response to DBS for both preclinical and clinical DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Van Den Berge
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT department, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT department, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT department, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Dauwe
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter van Mierlo
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT department, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Keereman
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT department, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roel Van Holen
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT department, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Chao THH, Chen JH, Yen CT. Repeated BOLD-fMRI imaging of deep brain stimulation responses in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97305. [PMID: 24825464 PMCID: PMC4019572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a picture of the global spatial activation pattern of the brain. Interest is growing regarding the application of fMRI to rodent models to investigate adult brain plasticity. To date, most rodent studies used an electrical forepaw stimulation model to acquire fMRI data, with α-chloralose as the anesthetic. However, α-chloralose is harmful to animals, and not suitable for longitudinal studies. Moreover, peripheral stimulation models enable only a limited number of brain regions to be studied. Processing between peripheral regions and the brain is multisynaptic, and renders interpretation difficult and uncertain. In the present study, we combined the medetomidine-based fMRI protocol (a noninvasive rodent fMRI protocol) with chronic implantation of an MRI-compatible stimulation electrode in the ventroposterior (VP) thalamus to repetitively sample thalamocortical responses in the rat brain. Using this model, we scanned the forebrain responses evoked by the VP stimulation repeatedly of individual rats over 1 week. Cortical BOLD responses were compared between the 2 profiles obtained at day1 and day8. We discovered reproducible frequency- and amplitude-dependent BOLD responses in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex (S1). The S1 BOLD responses during the 2 sessions were conserved in maximal response amplitude, area size (size ratio from 0.88 to 0.91), and location (overlap ratio from 0.61 to 0.67). The present study provides a long-term chronic brain stimulation protocol for studying the plasticity of specific neural circuits in the rodent brain by BOLD-fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyh-Horng Chen
- Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Yen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Lai HY, Albaugh DL, Kao YCJ, Younce JR, Shih YYI. Robust deep brain stimulation functional MRI procedures in rats and mice using an MR-compatible tungsten microwire electrode. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:1246-51. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Daniel L. Albaugh
- Department of Neurology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Curriculum in Neurobiology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Yu-Chieh Jill Kao
- Department of Neurology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - John R. Younce
- Department of Neurology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Department of Neurology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Curriculum in Neurobiology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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