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Zare H, Bakherad H, Esfahani AN, Aghamollaei H, Gargari SLM, Aliomrani M, Ebrahimizadeh W. Investigating the effect of cGRP78 vaccine against different cancer cells and its role in reducing melanoma metastasis. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:73-82. [PMID: 39006979 PMCID: PMC11244710 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.394822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Treatment of malignancies with chemotherapy and surgery is often associated with disease recurrence and metastasis. Immunotherapy improves cancer treatment by creating an active response against tumor antigens. Various cancer cells express a large amount of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) protein on their surface. Stimulating the immune system against this antigen can expose cancer cells to the immune system. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness of a cGRP78-based vaccine against different cancer cells. Experimental approach BALB/c mice were immunized with the cGRP78. The humoral immune response against different cancer cells was assessed by Cell-ELISA. The cellular immunity response was determined by splenocyte proliferation assay with different cancer antigens. The effect of vaccination on metastasis was investigated in vaccinated mice by injecting melanoma cancer cells into the tail of mice. Findings/Results These results indicated that the cGRP78 has acceptable antigenicity and stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies. After three injections, the amount of produced antibody was significantly different from the control group. Compared to the other three cell types, Hela and HepG2 showed the highest reaction to the serum of vaccinated mice. Cellular immunity against the B16F10 cell line had the best results compared to other cells. The metastasis results showed that after 30 days, the growth of B16F10 melanoma cancer cells was not noticeable in the lung tissue of vaccinated mice. Conclusion and implications Considering the resistance of vaccinated mice to metastasis, this vaccine offers a promising prospect for cancer treatment by inhibiting the spread of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zare
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Bakherad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Aliomrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Walead Ebrahimizadeh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Intratumoral delivery of antigen with complement C3-bound liposomes reduces tumor growth in mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 18:326-335. [PMID: 30419362 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) initiate the immune response against cancer by engulfing and presenting tumor antigens to T cells. Our lab has recently developed a liposomal nanoparticle that binds complement C3 proteins, allowing it to bind to the complement C3 receptors of APCs and directly deliver antigenic peptides. APCs were shown to internalize and process complement C3-bound liposomes containing ovalbumin (OVA), resulting in a significant increase in activated T cells that recognize OVA. Mice bearing A20-OVA lymphoma tumors were treated with OVA-loaded C3-liposomes, which led to reduced tumor growth in both treated and distal tumors in all mice. Peripheral blood from treated mice had a lower percentage of immunosuppressive myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a higher percentage of B cells, and increased anti-OVA IgG1 levels compared to control mice. These results indicate that C3-liposome delivery of tumor antigen to APCs initiates a potent and systemic antitumor immune response.
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Wang S, Huang W, Li K, Yao Y, Yang X, Bai H, Sun W, Liu C, Ma Y. Engineered outer membrane vesicle is potent to elicit HPV16E7-specific cellular immunity in a mouse model of TC-1 graft tumor. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6813-6825. [PMID: 28979120 PMCID: PMC5602458 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s143264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, therapeutic tumor vaccines under development generally lack significant effects in human clinical trials. Exploring a powerful antigen delivery system is a potential approach to improve vaccine efficacy. We sought to explore engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a new vaccine carrier for efficiently delivering tumor antigens and provoking robust antitumor immune responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the tumoral antigen human papillomavirus type 16 early protein E7 (HPV16E7) was presented on Escherichia coli-derived OMVs by genetic engineering methods, acquiring the recombinant OMV vaccine. Second, the ability of recombinant OMVs delivering their components and the model antigen green fluorescent protein to antigen-presenting cells was investigated in the macrophage Raw264.7 cells and in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro. Third, it was evaluated in TC-1 graft tumor model in mice that the recombinant OMVs displaying HPV16E7 stimulated specific cellular immune response and intervened the growth of established tumor. RESULTS E. coli DH5α-derived OMVs could be taken up rapidly by dendritic cells, for which vesicle structure has been proven to be important. OMVs significantly stimulated the expression of dendritic cellmaturation markers CD80, CD86, CD83 and CD40. The HPV16E7 was successfully embedded in engineered OMVs through gene recombinant techniques. Subcutaneous immunization with the engineered OMVs induced E7 antigen-specific cellular immune responses, as shown by the increased numbers of interferon-gamma-expressing splenocytes by enzyme-linked immunospot assay and interferon-gamma-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ cells by flow cytometry analyses. Furthermore, the growth of grafted TC-1 tumors in mice was significantly suppressed by therapeutic vaccination. The recombinant E7 proteins presented by OMVs were more potent than those mixed with wild-type OMVs or administered alone for inducing specific cellular immunity and suppressing tumor growth. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the nano-grade OMVs might be a useful vaccine platform for antigen delivery in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases.,Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Therapeutic Vaccine Strategies against Human Papillomavirus. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:422-62. [PMID: 26344626 PMCID: PMC4494257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) cause over 500,000 cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer cases per year. The transforming potential of HPVs is mediated by viral oncoproteins. These are essential for the induction and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Thus, HPV-mediated malignancies pose the unique opportunity in cancer vaccination to target immunologically foreign epitopes. Therapeutic HPV vaccination is therefore an ideal scenario for proof-of-concept studies of cancer immunotherapy. This is reflected by the fact that a multitude of approaches has been utilized in therapeutic HPV vaccination design: protein and peptide vaccination, DNA vaccination, nanoparticle- and cell-based vaccines, and live viral and bacterial vectors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of completed and ongoing clinical trials in therapeutic HPV vaccination (summarized in tables), and also highlights selected promising preclinical studies. Special emphasis is given to adjuvant science and the potential impact of novel developments in vaccinology research, such as combination therapies to overcome tumor immune suppression, the use of novel materials and mouse models, as well as systems vaccinology and immunogenetics approaches.
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