1
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Role of Endocytosis Proteins in Gefitinib-Mediated EGFR Internalisation in Glioma Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113258. [PMID: 34831480 PMCID: PMC8618144 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), a member of the ErbB tyrosine kinase receptor family, is a clinical therapeutic target in numerous solid tumours. EGFR overexpression in glioblastoma (GBM) drives cell invasion and tumour progression. However, clinical trials were disappointing, and a molecular basis to explain these poor results is still missing. EGFR endocytosis and membrane trafficking, which tightly regulate EGFR oncosignaling, are often dysregulated in glioma. In a previous work, we showed that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib, lead to enhanced EGFR endocytosis into fused early endosomes. Here, using pharmacological inhibitors, siRNA-mediated silencing, or expression of mutant proteins, we showed that dynamin 2 (DNM2), the small GTPase Rab5 and the endocytosis receptor LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1), contribute significantly to gefitinib-mediated EGFR endocytosis in glioma cells. Importantly, we showed that inhibition of DNM2 or LRP-1 also decreased glioma cell responsiveness to gefitinib during cell evasion from tumour spheroids. By highlighting the contribution of endocytosis proteins in the activity of gefitinib on glioma cells, this study suggests that endocytosis and membrane trafficking might be an attractive therapeutic target to improve GBM treatment.
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2
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Dynamin 2 and BAR domain protein pacsin 2 cooperatively regulate formation and maturation of podosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 571:145-151. [PMID: 34325130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Podosomes are actin-rich adhesion structures formed in a variety of cell types, such as monocytic cells or cancer cells, to facilitate attachment to and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Previous studies showed that dynamin 2, a large GTPase involved in membrane remodeling and actin organization, is required for podosome function. However, precise roles of dynamin 2 at the podosomes remain to be elucidated. In this study, we identified a BAR (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs167) domain protein pacsin 2 as a functional partner of dynamin 2 at podosomes. Dynamin 2 and pacsin 2 interact and co-localize to podosomes in Src-transformed NIH 3T3 (NIH-Src) cells. RNAi of either dynamin 2 or pacsin 2 in NIH-Src cells inhibited podosome formation and maturation, suggesting essential and related roles at podosomes. Consistently, RNAi of pacsin 2 prevented dynamin 2 localization to podosomes, and reciprocal RNAi of dynamin 2 prevented pacsin 2 localization to podosomes. Taking these results together, we conclude that dynamin 2 and pacsin 2 co-operatively regulate organization of podosomes in NIH-Src cells.
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3
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Lin SS, Hsieh TL, Liou GG, Li TN, Lin HC, Chang CW, Wu HY, Yao CK, Liu YW. Dynamin-2 Regulates Postsynaptic Cytoskeleton Organization and Neuromuscular Junction Development. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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4
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Leverrier-Penna S, Destaing O, Penna A. Insights and perspectives on calcium channel functions in the cockpit of cancerous space invaders. Cell Calcium 2020; 90:102251. [PMID: 32683175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of metastasis causes the most serious clinical consequences of cancer and is responsible for over 90 % of cancer-related deaths. Hence, a better understanding of the mechanisms that drive metastasis formation appears critical for drug development designed to prevent the spread of cancer and related mortality. Metastasis dissemination is a multistep process supported by the increased motility and invasiveness capacities of tumor cells. To succeed in overcoming the mechanical constraints imposed by the basement membrane and surrounding tissues, cancer cells reorganize their focal adhesions or extend acto-adhesive cellular protrusions, called invadosomes, that can both contact the extracellular matrix and tune its degradation through metalloprotease activity. Over the last decade, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that altered Ca2+ channel activities and/or expression promote tumor cell-specific phenotypic changes, such as exacerbated migration and invasion capacities, leading to metastasis formation. While several studies have addressed the molecular basis of Ca2+ channel-dependent cancer cell migration, we are still far from having a comprehensive vision of the Ca2+ channel-regulated mechanisms of migration/invasion. This is especially true regarding the specific context of invadosome-driven invasion. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence supporting a central role for Ca2+ channel-dependent signaling in the regulation of these dynamic degradative structures. It will present available data on the few Ca2+ channels that have been studied in that specific context and discuss some potential interesting actors that have not been fully explored yet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institute for Advanced BioSciences, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France.
| | - Aubin Penna
- STIM, CNRS ERL7003, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France.
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5
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Burton KM, Cao H, Chen J, Qiang L, Krueger EW, Johnson KM, Bamlet WR, Zhang L, McNiven MA, Razidlo GL. Dynamin 2 interacts with α-actinin 4 to drive tumor cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:439-451. [PMID: 31967944 PMCID: PMC7185896 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The large GTPase Dynamin 2 (Dyn2) is known to increase the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer tumor cells, but the mechanisms by which Dyn2 regulates changes in the actin cytoskeleton to drive cell migration are still unclear. Here we report that a direct interaction between Dyn2 and the actin-bundling protein alpha-actinin (α-actinin) 4 is critical for tumor cell migration and remodeling of the extracellular matrix in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. The direct interaction is mediated through the C-terminal tails of both Dyn2 and α-actinin 4, and these proteins interact at invasive structures at the plasma membrane. While Dyn2 binds directly to both α-actinin 1 and α-actinin 4, only the interaction with α-actinin 4 is required to promote tumor cell invasion. Specific disruption of the Dyn2-α-actinin 4 interaction blocks the ability of PDAC cells to migrate in either two dimensions or invade through extracellular matrix as a result of impaired invadopodia stability. Analysis of human PDAC tumor tissue additionally reveals that elevated α-actinin 4 or Dyn2 expression are predictive of poor survival. Overall, these data demonstrate that Dyn2 regulates cytoskeletal dynamics, in part, by interacting with the actin-binding protein α-actinin 4 during tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Burton
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Hong Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Li Qiang
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Eugene W. Krueger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - William R. Bamlet
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Mark A. McNiven
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Gina L. Razidlo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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6
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Collins KB, Kang H, Matsche J, Klomp JE, Rehman J, Malik AB, Karginov AV. Septin2 mediates podosome maturation and endothelial cell invasion associated with angiogenesis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201903023. [PMID: 31865373 PMCID: PMC7041690 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are compartmentalized actin-rich adhesions, defined by their ability to locally secrete proteases and remodel extracellular matrix. Matrix remodeling by endothelial podosomes facilitates invasion and thereby vessel formation. However, the mechanisms underlying endothelial podosome formation and function remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Septin2, Septin6, and Septin7 are required for maturation of nascent endothelial podosomes into matrix-degrading organelles. We show that podosome development occurs through initial mobilization of the scaffolding protein Tks5 and F-actin accumulation, followed by later recruitment of Septin2. Septin2 localizes around the perimeter of podosomes in close proximity to the basolateral plasma membrane, and phosphoinositide-binding residues of Septin2 are required for podosome function. Combined, our results suggest that the septin cytoskeleton forms a diffusive barrier around nascent podosomes to promote their maturation. Finally, we show that Septin2-mediated regulation of podosomes is critical for endothelial cell invasion associated with angiogenesis. Therefore, targeting of Septin2-mediated podosome formation is a potentially attractive anti-angiogenesis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrei V. Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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7
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Daly C, Logan B, Breeyear J, Whitaker K, Ahmed M, Seals DF. Tks5 SH3 domains exhibit differential effects on invadopodia development. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227855. [PMID: 31999741 PMCID: PMC6991978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src substrate Tks5 helps scaffold matrix-remodeling invadopodia in invasive cancer cells. Focus was directed here on how the five SH3 domains of Tks5 impact that activity. Mutations designed to inhibit protein-protein interactions were created in the individual SH3 domains of Tks5, and the constructs were introduced into the LNCaP prostate carcinoma cell line, a model system with intrinsically low Tks5 expression and which our lab had previously showed the dependence of Src-dependent Tks5 phosphorylation on invadopodia development. In LNCaP cells, acute increases in wild-type Tks5 led to increased gelatin matrix degradation. A similar result was observed when Tks5 was mutated in its 4th or 5th SH3 domains. This was in contrast to the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd SH3 domain mutations of Tks5 where each had a remarkable accentuating effect on gelatin degradation. Conversely, in the invadopodia-competent Src-3T3 model system, mutations in any one of the first three SH3 domains had a dominant negative effect that largely eliminated the presence of invadopodia, inhibited gelatin degradation activity, and redistributed both Src, cortactin, and Tks5 to what are likely endosomal compartments. A hypothesis involving Tks5 conformational states and the regulation of endosomal trafficking is presented as an explanation for these seemingly disparate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Daly
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brewer Logan
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Breeyear
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelley Whitaker
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maryam Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Darren F Seals
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
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8
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Rafiq NBM, Grenci G, Lim CK, Kozlov MM, Jones GE, Viasnoff V, Bershadsky AD. Forces and constraints controlling podosome assembly and disassembly. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180228. [PMID: 31431172 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are a singular category of integrin-mediated adhesions important in the processes of cell migration, matrix degradation and cancer cell invasion. Despite a wealth of biochemical studies, the effects of mechanical forces on podosome integrity and dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we show that podosomes are highly sensitive to two groups of physical factors. First, we describe the process of podosome disassembly induced by activation of myosin-IIA filament assembly. Next, we find that podosome integrity and dynamics depends upon membrane tension and can be experimentally perturbed by osmotic swelling and deoxycholate treatment. We have also found that podosomes can be disrupted in a reversible manner by single or cyclic radial stretching of the substratum. We show that disruption of podosomes induced by osmotic swelling is independent of myosin-II filaments. The inhibition of the membrane sculpting protein, dynamin-II, but not clathrin, resulted in activation of myosin-IIA filament formation and disruption of podosomes. The effect of dynamin-II inhibition on podosomes was, however, independent of myosin-II filaments. Moreover, formation of organized arrays of podosomes in response to microtopographic cues (the ridges with triangular profile) was not accompanied by reorganization of myosin-II filaments. Thus, mechanical elements such as myosin-II filaments and factors affecting membrane tension/sculpting independently modulate podosome formation and dynamics, underlying a versatile response of these adhesion structures to intracellular and extracellular cues. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bte Mohd Rafiq
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Biomedical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Cheng Kai Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gareth E Jones
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,CNRS UMI 3639, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Alexander D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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9
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Faust JJ, Balabiyev A, Heddleston JM, Podolnikova NP, Baluch DP, Chew TL, Ugarova TP. An actin-based protrusion originating from a podosome-enriched region initiates macrophage fusion. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2254-2267. [PMID: 31242090 PMCID: PMC6743464 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-01-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage fusion resulting in the formation of multinucleated giant cells occurs in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, yet the mechanism responsible for initiating this process is unknown. Here, we used live cell imaging to show that actin-based protrusions at the leading edge initiate macrophage fusion. Phase-contrast video microscopy demonstrated that in the majority of events, short protrusions (∼3 µm) between two closely apposed cells initiated fusion, but occasionally we observed long protrusions (∼12 µm). Using macrophages isolated from LifeAct mice and imaging with lattice light sheet microscopy, we further found that fusion-competent protrusions formed at sites enriched in podosomes. Inducing fusion in mixed populations of GFP- and mRFP-LifeAct macrophages showed rapid spatial overlap between GFP and RFP signal at the site of fusion. Cytochalasin B strongly reduced fusion and when rare fusion events occurred, protrusions were not observed. Fusion of macrophages deficient in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and Cdc42, key molecules involved in the formation of actin-based protrusions and podosomes, was also impaired both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, inhibiting the activity of the Arp2/3 complex decreased fusion and podosome formation. Together these data suggest that an actin-based protrusion formed at the leading edge initiates macrophage fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Faust
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Arnat Balabiyev
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - John M Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | | | - D Page Baluch
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147
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10
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Eschenburg S, Reubold TF. Modulation of dynamin function by small molecules. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1421-1432. [PMID: 30067507 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamins are essential as membrane remodelers in various cellular processes, like receptor-mediated endocytosis, synaptic vesicle recycling and spermatogenesis. Moreover, dynamin is involved in the internalization of numerous viruses and in the motility of several cancer cell lines. As tools for dissecting the underlying mechanisms of these important biological processes and as potential future therapeutics, small molecules have been developed in the last two decades that modulate the functions of dynamin. In this review we give an overview of the compound classes that are currently in use and describe how they affect dynamin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Eschenburg
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Reubold
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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11
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Uehara S, Udagawa N, Kobayashi Y. Non-canonical Wnt signals regulate cytoskeletal remodeling in osteoclasts. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3683-3692. [PMID: 30051162 PMCID: PMC6154041 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclasts adhere to the bone surface through integrins and polarize to form actin rings, which are formed by the assembly of podosomes. The area contained within actin rings (also called sealing zones) has an acidic pH, which causes dissolution of bone minerals including hydroxyapatite and the degradation of matrix proteins including type I collagen by the protease cathepsin K. Osteoclasts resorb bone matrices while moving on bone surfaces. Osteoclasts change their cell shapes and exhibit three modes for bone resorption: motile resorbing mode for digging trenches, static resorbing mode for digging pits, and motile non-resorbing mode. Therefore, the actin cytoskeleton is actively remodeled in osteoclasts. Recent studies have revealed that many molecules, such as Rac, Cdc42, Rho, and small GTPase regulators and effectors, are involved in actin cytoskeletal remodeling during the formation of actin rings and resorption cavities on bone slices. In this review, we introduce how these molecules and non-canonical Wnt signaling regulate the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hiro-oka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
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12
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Paardekooper LM, van den Bogaart G, Kox M, Dingjan I, Neerincx AH, Bendix MB, Beest MT, Harren FJM, Risby T, Pickkers P, Marczin N, Cristescu SM. Ethylene, an early marker of systemic inflammation in humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6889. [PMID: 28761087 PMCID: PMC5537290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is a major plant hormone mediating developmental processes and stress responses to stimuli such as infection. We show here that ethylene is also produced during systemic inflammation in humans and is released in exhaled breath. Traces of ethylene were detected by laser spectroscopy both in vitro in isolated blood leukocytes exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as in vivo following LPS administration in healthy volunteers. Exposure to LPS triggers formation of ethylene as a product of lipid peroxidation induced by the respiratory burst. In humans, ethylene was detected prior to the increase of blood levels of inflammatory cytokines and stress-related hormones. Our results highlight that ethylene release is an early and integral component of in vivo lipid peroxidation with important clinical implications as a breath biomarker of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Paardekooper
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Intensive Care Medicine, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Dingjan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne H Neerincx
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maura B Bendix
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J M Harren
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Terence Risby
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Intensive Care Medicine, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nandor Marczin
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, UK
- Section of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simona M Cristescu
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Eppler FJ, Quast T, Kolanus W. Dynamin2 controls Rap1 activation and integrin clustering in human T lymphocyte adhesion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172443. [PMID: 28273099 PMCID: PMC5342215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is crucial to facilitate efficient immune responses. Here, we report that the large GTPase dynamin2, which is generally considered to have a key role in endocytosis and membrane remodeling, is an essential regulator of integrin-dependent human T lymphocyte adhesion and migration. Chemical inhibition or knockdown of dynamin2 expression significantly reduced integrin-dependent T cell adhesion in vitro. This phenotype was not observed when T cells were treated with various chemical inhibitors which abrogate endocytosis or actin polymerization. We furthermore detected dynamin2 in signaling complexes and propose that it controls T cell adhesion via FAK/Pyk2- and RapGEF1-mediated Rap1 activation. In addition, the dynamin2 inhibitor-induced reduction of lymphocyte adhesion can be rescued by Rap1a overexpression. We demonstrate that the dynamin2 effect on T cell adhesion does not involve integrin affinity regulation but instead relies on its ability to modulate integrin valency. Taken together, we suggest a previously unidentified role of dynamin2 in the regulation of integrin-mediated lymphocyte adhesion via a Rap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J. Eppler
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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14
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Batsir S, Geiger B, Kam Z. Dynamics of the sealing zone in cultured osteoclasts. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 74:72-81. [PMID: 27997747 PMCID: PMC5347972 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) depends on the formation and stability of the sealing zone (SZ), a peripheral belt of actin and integrin-based podosomes. Recent studies demonstrated that the SZ is a highly dynamic structure, undergoing cycles of assembly and disassembly. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the regulation of SZ stability and reorganization in OCs cultured on glass slides, and forming an SZ-like podosome belt (SZL). By monitoring this belt in cultured RAW264.7 cells expressing GFP-tagged actin, we show here that SZL stability is usually locally regulated, and its dissociation, occurring mostly in concave segments, is manifested in the loss of both podosome coherence, and actin belt continuity. Double labeling of cells for actin and tubulin indicated that microtubules (MTs) are mostly confined by the inner aspect of the stable SZL-associated actin belt. However, in unstable regions of the SZL, MTs tend to extend radially, across the SZL, toward the cell edge. Disruption of MTs by nocodazole induces SZ disassembly, without affecting individual podosome stability. Inspection of the MT network indicates that it is enriched along stable SZL regions, while bypassing disorganized regions. These results suggest that the SZL is stabilized by MTs flanking its inner aspect, while disruption or misalignment of MTs leads to SZL destabilization. We further demonstrate that the MT-associated protein dynamin2 is involved in the regulation of SZL stability, and dynamin2 knockdown or inactivation cause SZL destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Batsir
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Kam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Bendris N, Stearns CJS, Reis CR, Rodriguez-Canales J, Liu H, Witkiewicz AW, Schmid SL. Sorting nexin 9 negatively regulates invadopodia formation and function in cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2804-16. [PMID: 27278018 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to degrade the extracellular matrix and invade interstitial tissues contributes to their metastatic potential. We recently showed that overexpression of sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) leads to increased cell invasion and metastasis in animal models, which correlates with increased SNX9 protein expression in metastases from human mammary cancers. Here, we report that SNX9 expression is reduced relative to neighboring normal tissues in primary breast tumors, and progressively reduced in more aggressive stages of non-small-cell lung cancers. We show that SNX9 is localized at invadopodia where it directly binds the invadopodia marker TKS5 and negatively regulates invadopodia formation and function. SNX9 depletion increases invadopodia number and the local recruitment of MT1-MMP by decreasing its internalization. Together, these effects result in increased localized matrix degradation. We further identify SNX9 as a Src kinase substrate and show that this phosphorylation is important for SNX9 activity in regulating cell invasion, but is dispensable for its function in regulating invadopodia. The diversified changes associated with SNX9 expression in cancer highlight its importance as a central regulator of cancer cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Bendris
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390, USA
| | - Carrie J S Stearns
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Carlos R Reis
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030, USA Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, Province of Jiangsu, China
| | - Agnieszka W Witkiewicz
- Simmons Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX390, USA
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390, USA
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16
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Cao H, Eppinga RD, Razidlo GL, Krueger EW, Chen J, Qiang L, McNiven MA. Stromal fibroblasts facilitate cancer cell invasion by a novel invadopodia-independent matrix degradation process. Oncogene 2015; 35:1099-1110. [PMID: 25982272 PMCID: PMC4651864 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic invasion of tumors into peripheral tissues is known to rely upon protease-mediated degradation of the surrounding stroma. This remodeling process uses complex, actin-based, specializations of the plasma membrane termed invadopodia that act both to sequester and release matrix metalloproteinases. Here we report that cells of mesenchymal origin, including tumor-associated fibroblasts, degrade substantial amounts of surrounding matrix by a mechanism independent of conventional invadopodia. These degradative sites lack the punctate shape of conventional invadopodia to spread along the cell base and are reticular and/or fibrous in character. In marked contrast to invadopodia, this degradation does not require the action of Src kinase, Cdc42 or Dyn2. Rather, inhibition of Dyn2 causes a marked upregulation of stromal matrix degradation. Further, expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases are differentially regulated between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts. This matrix remodeling by fibroblasts increases the invasive capacity of tumor cells, thereby illustrating how the tumor microenvironment can contribute to metastasis. These findings provide evidence for a novel matrix remodeling process conducted by stromal fibroblasts that is substantially more effective than conventional invadopodia, distinct in structural organization and regulated by disparate molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Robbin D Eppinga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Gina L Razidlo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Eugene W Krueger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Mark A McNiven
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
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17
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Late stages of the synchronized macrophage fusion in osteoclast formation depend on dynamin. Biochem J 2015; 464:293-300. [PMID: 25336256 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage fusion that leads to osteoclast formation is one of the most important examples of cell-cell fusion in development, tissue homoeostasis and immune response. Protein machinery that fuses macrophages remains to be identified. In the present study, we explored the fusion stage of osteoclast formation for RAW macrophage-like murine cells and for macrophages derived from human monocytes. To uncouple fusion from the preceding differentiation processes, we accumulated fusion-committed cells in the presence of LPC (lysophosphatidylcholine) that reversibly blocks membrane merger. After 16 h, we removed LPC and observed cell fusion events that would normally develop within 16 h develop instead within 30-90 min. Thus, whereas osteoclastogenesis, generally, takes several days, our approach allowed us to focus on an hour in which we observe robust fusion between the cells. Complementing syncytium formation assay with a novel membrane merger assay let us study the synchronized fusion events downstream of a local merger between two plasma membranes, but before expansion of nascent membrane connections and complete unification of the cells. We found that the expansion of membrane connections detected as a growth of multinucleated osteoclasts depends on dynamin activity. In contrast, a merger between the plasma membranes of the two cells was not affected by inhibitors of dynamin GTPase. Thus dynamin that was recently found to control late stages of myoblast fusion also controls late stages of macrophage fusion, revealing an intriguing conserved mechanistic motif shared by diverse cell-cell fusion processes.
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18
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Sano Y, Watanabe W, Matsunaga S. Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation--towards a spatiotemporal-functional analysis of proteins, and the ablation of chromatin, organelle and cell function. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1621-9. [PMID: 24737873 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.144527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromophore-assisted laser or light inactivation (CALI) has been employed as a promising technique to achieve spatiotemporal knockdown or loss-of-function of target molecules in situ. CALI is performed using photosensitizers as generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There are two CALI approaches that use either transgenic tags with chemical photosensitizers, or genetically encoded fluorescent protein fusions. Using spatially restricted microscopy illumination, CALI can address questions regarding, for example, protein isoforms, subcellular localization or phase-specific analyses of multifunctional proteins that other knockdown approaches, such as RNA interference or treatment with chemicals, cannot. Furthermore, rescue experiments can clarify the phenotypic capabilities of CALI after the depletion of endogenous targets. CALI can also provide information about individual events that are involved in the function of a target protein and highlight them in multifactorial events. Beyond functional analysis of proteins, CALI of nuclear proteins can be performed to induce cell cycle arrest, chromatin- or locus-specific DNA damage. Even at organelle level - such as in mitochondria, the plasma membrane or lysosomes - CALI can trigger cell death. Moreover, CALI has emerged as an optogenetic tool to switch off signaling pathways, including the optical depletion of individual neurons. In this Commentary, we review recent applications of CALI and discuss the utility and effective use of CALI to address open questions in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimi Sano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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19
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Shin NY, Choi H, Neff L, Wu Y, Saito H, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P, Baron R. Dynamin and endocytosis are required for the fusion of osteoclasts and myoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 207:73-89. [PMID: 25287300 PMCID: PMC4195819 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201401137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin function is essential for cell–cell fusion in both osteoclast precursors and myoblasts in part through its effects on endocytosis. Cell–cell fusion is an evolutionarily conserved process that leads to the formation of multinucleated myofibers, syncytiotrophoblasts and osteoclasts, allowing their respective functions. Although cell–cell fusion requires the presence of fusogenic membrane proteins and actin-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization, the precise machinery allowing cells to fuse is still poorly understood. Using an inducible knockout mouse model to generate dynamin 1– and 2–deficient primary osteoclast precursors and myoblasts, we found that fusion of both cell types requires dynamin. Osteoclast and myoblast cell–cell fusion involves the formation of actin-rich protrusions closely associated with clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the apposed cell. Furthermore, impairing endocytosis independently of dynamin also prevented cell–cell fusion. Since dynamin is involved in both the formation of actin-rich structures and in endocytosis, our results indicate that dynamin function is central to the osteoclast precursors and myoblasts fusion process, and point to an important role of endocytosis in cell–cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nah-Young Shin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hyewon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lynn Neff
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shawn M Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
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20
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Menon M, Askinazi OL, Schafer DA. Dynamin2 organizes lamellipodial actin networks to orchestrate lamellar actomyosin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94330. [PMID: 24710573 PMCID: PMC3978067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin networks in migrating cells exist as several interdependent structures: sheet-like networks of branched actin filaments in lamellipodia; arrays of bundled actin filaments co-assembled with myosin II in lamellae; and actin filaments that engage focal adhesions. How these dynamic networks are integrated and coordinated to maintain a coherent actin cytoskeleton in migrating cells is not known. We show that the large GTPase dynamin2 is enriched in the distal lamellipod where it regulates lamellipodial actin networks as they form and flow in U2-OS cells. Within lamellipodia, dynamin2 regulated the spatiotemporal distributions of α-actinin and cortactin, two actin-binding proteins that specify actin network architecture. Dynamin2's action on lamellipodial F-actin influenced the formation and retrograde flow of lamellar actomyosin via direct and indirect interactions with actin filaments and a finely tuned GTP hydrolysis activity. Expression in dynamin2-depleted cells of a mutant dynamin2 protein that restores endocytic activity, but not activities that remodel actin filaments, demonstrated that actin filament remodeling by dynamin2 did not depend of its functions in endocytosis. Thus, dynamin2 acts within lamellipodia to organize actin filaments and regulate assembly and flow of lamellar actomyosin. We hypothesize that through its actions on lamellipodial F-actin, dynamin2 generates F-actin structures that give rise to lamellar actomyosin and for efficient coupling of F-actin at focal adhesions. In this way, dynamin2 orchestrates the global actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Menon
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Olga L. Askinazi
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dorothy A. Schafer
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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21
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Ouderkirk JL, Krendel M. Myosin 1e is a component of the invadosome core that contributes to regulation of invadosome dynamics. Exp Cell Res 2014; 322:265-76. [PMID: 24462457 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myosin 1e (myo1e) is an actin-based motor protein that has been implicated in cell adhesion and migration. We examined the role of myo1e in invadosomes, actin-rich adhesion structures that are important for degradation and invasion of the extracellular matrix. RSV-transformed BHK-21 cells, which readily form invadosomes and invadosome rosettes, were used as the experimental model. Myo1e localization to the actin-rich core of invadosomes required the proline-rich Tail Homology 2 (TH2) domain. During invadosome rosette expansion, we observed myo1e recruitment to newly forming invadosomes via Tail Homology 1 (TH1)-dependent interactions with the plasma membrane, where it preceded actin and paxillin. Dominant-negative inhibition of myo1e resulted in mislocalized invadosome formation, usually at the center of the rosette. We propose that TH2 domain of myo1e provides the key signal for localization to invadosomes, while TH1 domain interactions facilitate myo1e targeting to the plasma membrane-proximal locations within the rosettes. Myo1e may then act as a scaffold, linking the plasma membrane with the actin cytoskeleton and helping direct new invadosome formation to the periphery of the rosette.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ouderkirk
- Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Mira Krendel
- Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
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