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Grzegorzewska AE. Genetic Polymorphisms within Interferon-λ Region and Interferon-λ3 in the Human Pathophysiology: Their Contribution to Outcome, Treatment, and Prevention of Infections with Hepatotropic Viruses. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4832-4851. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180719121142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
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Genetic polymorphisms within the interferon λ (IFN-λ) chromosomal region,
mainly rs12979860 of IFN-λ4 gene (IFNL4), are known as associated with spontaneous hepatitis
C virus (HCV) resolution and sustained viral response to therapy with pegylated interferon-
α and ribavirin. Strong linkage disequilibrium of IFNL4 rs12979860 with IFNL4
rs368234815, which is casually associated with HCV spontaneous and therapeutical eradication,
at least partially explains favorable HCV outcomes attributed to major homozygosity in
rs12979860. Effects of IFN-based antiviral treatment are associated with pretreatment expression
of the IFN-λ1 receptor, expression of hepatic IFN-stimulated genes, production of IFN-
λ4, and preactivation of the JAK-STAT signaling. Nowadays direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)
became a potent tool in the treatment of hepatitis C, but IFN-λs are still under investigation as
potential antivirals and might be an option in HCV infection (DAA resistance, recurrent viremia,
adverse effects).
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Patients with altered immunocompetence are especially prone to infections. In uremic subjects,
polymorphisms within the IFN-λ chromosomal region associate with spontaneous HCV
clearance, similarly like in the non-uremic population. Circulating IFN-λ3 shows a positive
correlation with plasma titers of antibodies to surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBs),
which are crucial for protection against hepatitis B virus. More efficient anti-HBs production
in the presence of higher IFN-λ3 levels might occur due to IFN-λ3-induced regulation of indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression. IFN-stimulated response element is a part of
IDO gene promoter. It is worth further investigation whether IDO gene, circulating IDO, genetic
polymorphisms within the IFN-λ region, and circulating IFN-λ3 act in concordance in
immunological response to hepatotropic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja E. Grzegorzewska
- Chair and Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Avanzi VM, Vicente BA, Beloto NCP, Gomes-da-Silva MM, Ribeiro CEL, Tuon FF, Vidal LRR, Nogueira MB, Raboni SM. Profile of HIV subtypes in HIV/HBV- and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:470-477. [PMID: 28954067 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0450-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: HIV and viral hepatitis infections are major causes of chronic disease worldwide and have some similarities with regard to routes of transmission, epidemiology, front barriers faced during access of treatment, and strategies for a global public health response. The objective was to describe the HIV-1 subtypes, viral tropism and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin 28B (IL28B) from a case series of HIV/viral hepatitis coinfected patients from southern Brazil. METHODS: Clinical and epidemiological data were evaluated by a review of medical records. Periodic blood draws were taken to determine the viral and host characteristics. RESULTS: This study included 38 patients with HIV/HBV or HIV/HCV coinfection; the median age was 49 years. Thirty-seven (97.4%) were on antiretroviral therapy, 32 (84.2%) had an undetectable viral load, a median CD4+ T-cell count of 452 cells/mm3. HIV-1 subtyping showed 47.4 and 31.6% of patients with subtypes C and B, respectively. Analysis of viral co-receptor usage showed a predominance of the R5 variant (64.7%), with no significant difference between the subtypes. Twenty patients with HIV/HCV coinfection were eligible to receive HCV therapy with pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin, and 10/20 (50%) of them achieved sustained virological response. SNPs of IL28B were evaluated in 93.3% of patients with HIV/HCV coinfection, and 17 (60.7%) presented the CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS: In the present case series, a higher frequency of HIV subtype C was found in coinfected patients. However such findings need to be prospectively evaluated with the inclusion of data from regional multicenter analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Miranda Avanzi
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Bianca Arão Vicente
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | - Clea Elisa Lopes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Curitiba, Divisão Epidemiologica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | - Sonia Mara Raboni
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Frequency of Tabagism and N34S and P55S Mutations of Serine Peptidase Inhibitor, Kazal Type 1 (SPINK1) and R254W Mutation of Chymotrypsin C (CTRC) in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis and Controls. Pancreas 2016; 45:1330-5. [PMID: 27253233 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between chronic pancreatitis and smoking or genetic mutations. METHODS The study sample comprised 148 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 110 chronic alcoholic subjects without pancreatic disease, and 297 volunteer blood donors. RESULTS Of the patients with chronic pancreatitis, 74% had alcoholic etiology and 26% had idiopathic pancreatitis. The frequency of smoking was 91.4% in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis, higher than 73.3% in alcoholic subjects without pancreatitis (P < 0.01). The difference in smoking frequency was not significant between the patients with idiopathic pancreatitis and blood donors. The N34S mutation of serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) was found in 2.7% of patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, in 5.3% of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis, and in 0.4% of blood donors (P = 0.02). The P55S mutation of SPINK1 was found in 2.7% of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis and in 0.7% of blood donors (P = 0.12). The R254W mutation of chymotrypsin C was found in 0.9% of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis, in 0.9% of chronic alcoholic subjects without pancreatitis, and in 0.4% of blood donors (P = 0.75). In all cases, the mutations were heterozygous. CONCLUSIONS Smoking and the N34S mutation of SPINK1 were positively correlated with chronic pancreatitis.
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HUSSEIN NR, TUNJEL I, BASHARAT Z, TAHA A, IRVING W. The treatment of HCV in patients with haemoglobinopathy in Kurdistan Region, Iraq: a single centre experience. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:1634-40. [PMID: 27125573 PMCID: PMC9150703 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various variables that might influence the rapid and sustained virological response to recombinant PEG-IFN-α-2a were explored in Iraqi HCV-infected patients with haemoglobinopathy. Forty-three patients were evaluated for the relationship between rapid virological response (RVR), IL-28B polymorphism, viral load, liver enzyme levels, blood group, ultrasound findings, or HCV genotype and the sustained virological response (SVR) achievement. The overall RVR was 55·81% while the overall SVR was 53·49%. SVR in patients that achieved RVR was 82·61% (P = 0·0004). A significant association was found between initial alanine transaminase levels and viral load with SVR achievement (P = 0·025) and (P = 0·004), respectively. Thirty-two (74%) out of 43 of our samples were host genotyped at the IL-28B locus as CC, a significant association was found between CC group and SVR achievement (P = 0·04). Of our samples, 23/43 (53%) were typed as HCV genotype 4, 10/43 (23%) as genotype 1, 9/43 (20·9%) as genotype 3 and 1/43 (2·3%) as genotype 2. A significant association was found between genotype 3 and SVR achievement (P = 0·006). Multivariate analysis showed that only RVR achievement independently associated with SVR in the Iraqi population (P = 0·00). These results can be used to classify the patients requiring the more expensive new direct-acting antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. R. HUSSEIN
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - I. TUNJEL
- Fatih University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z. BASHARAT
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - A. TAHA
- Department of Health, Infection Control Unit, Duhok, Iraq
| | - W. IRVING
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Delvaux N, da Costa VD, da Costa MM, Lampe E. Comparison of four methods of genotyping IL28B polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C patients. J Virol Methods 2015; 220:1-4. [PMID: 25863261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene are associated with viral clearance and treatment response in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, most of the available SNP genotyping methods are expensive. AIMS This study sought to evaluate the cost effectiveness of four methods used to genotype the rs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs of the IL28B gene. METHODS Tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), quantitative (q) PCR and direct sequencing methods were evaluated in terms of specificity, cost and run time in 281 blood samples obtained from chronic HCV patients. RESULTS In ARMS-PCR method, the primers designed to target both SNPs produced PCR fragments of specific sizes that distinguished the alleles of rs12979860 and rs8099917. In RFLP, the band profile allowed the distinction between genotypes. The qPCR was the faster and easier to perform. Validation by nucleotide sequencing showed 100% agreement among the three methods. The cost for a single reaction was lowest for ARMS-PCR, followed in turn by RFLP, qPCR and sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The methodology described for the ARMS-PCR showed the most favorable cost-benefit ratio. Moreover, this approach is fast and simple, requiring only equipment that is commonly used in molecular diagnosis, which is an essential parameter for use in developing countries where laboratories have scarce financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Delvaux
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Código, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Duarte da Costa
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Código, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maristella Matos da Costa
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Código, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Código, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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