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How Can Phenotypic Evolution be Characterized Over Time and Through Environmental Changes? J MAMM EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-022-09620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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2
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Schwarze UY, Ni Y, Zhou Y, Terlecki-Zaniewicz L, Schosserer M, Hackl M, Grillari J, Gruber R. Size changes in miR‑21 knockout mice: Geometric morphometrics on teeth, alveolar bone and mandible. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:285. [PMID: 33604680 PMCID: PMC7905328 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA‑21 (miR‑21) is a small non‑coding RNA that is differentially expressed during tooth development, particularly during amelogenesis. Although orthodontic tooth movement and the innate immune response are impaired, miR‑21 knockout mice demonstrate no obvious skeletal phenotype. However, the consequence of miR‑21 knockout on tooth phenotype and corresponding alveolar bone is unknown. The current study utilized landmark‑based geometric morphometrics to identify anatomical dissimilarities of the three lower and upper molars, and the corresponding alveolar bone, in miR‑21 knockout and wild‑type control mice. The anatomical structures were visualized by microcomputer tomography. A total of 36 and 38 landmarks were placed on mandibular and maxillary molars, respectively. For the alveolar bone, 16 landmarks were selected on both anatomical sites. General Procrustes analysis revealed significantly smaller molars and dimensions of the alveolar bone in the mandible of the miR‑21 knockout mice when compared with wild‑type controls (P=0.03 and P=0.04, respectively). The overall dimension of the mandible was reduced by the lack of miR‑21 (P=0.02). In the maxilla, the dimension of the alveolar bone was significant (P=0.02); however, this was not observed in the molars (P=0.36). Based on principal component analysis, no changes in shape for any of the anatomical sites were observed. Dental and skeletal jaw length were calculated and no prognathism was identified. However, the fluctuating asymmetry of the molars in the mandible and the maxilla was reduced in the miR‑21 knockout mice by 38 and 27%, respectively. Taken together, the results of the present study revealed that the molars in the mandible and the dimension of the respective alveolar bone were smaller in miR‑21 mice compared with wild‑type littermates, suggesting that miR‑21 influences tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Yacine Schwarze
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuxin Ni
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Stomatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518051, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518051, P.R. China
| | - Lucia Terlecki-Zaniewicz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Hackl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
- TAmiRNA GmbH, A-1110 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, A-1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Dziomber L, Joyce WG, Foth C. The ecomorphology of the shell of extant turtles and its applications for fossil turtles. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10490. [PMID: 33391873 PMCID: PMC7761203 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Turtles are a successful clade of reptiles that originated in the Late Triassic. The group adapted during its evolution to different types of environments, ranging from dry land to ponds, rivers, and the open ocean, and survived all Mesozoic and Cenozoic extinction events. The body of turtles is characterized by a shell, which has been hypothesized to have several biological roles, like protection, thermal and pH regulation, but also to be adapted in its shape to the ecology of the animal. However, only few studies have investigated the relationships between shell shape and ecology in a global context or clarified if shape can be used to diagnose habitat preferences in fossil representatives. Here, we assembled a three-dimensional dataset of 69 extant turtles and three fossils, in particular, the Late Triassic Proganochelys quenstedtii and Proterochersis robusta and the Late Jurassic Plesiochelys bigleri to test explicitly for a relationship between shell shape and ecology. 3D models were obtained using surface scanning and photogrammetry. The general shape of the shells was captured using geometric morphometrics. The habitat ecology of extant turtles was classified using the webbing of their forelimbs as a proxy. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights much overlap between habitat groups. Discriminant analyses suggests significant differences between extant terrestrial turtles, extant fully aquatic (i.e., marine and riverine) turtles, and an unspecialized assemblage that includes extant turtles from all habitats, mostly freshwater aquatic forms. The paleoecology of the three fossil species cannot be determined with confidence, as all three fall within the unspecialized category, even if Plesiochelys bigleri plots closer to fully aquatic turtles, while the two Triassic species group closer to extant terrestrial forms. Although the shape of the shell of turtles indeed contains an ecological signal, it is overall too weak to uncover using shell shape in paleoecological studies, at least with the methods we selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dziomber
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Walter G. Joyce
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christian Foth
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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4
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Tomé CP, Whiteman-Jennings W, Smith FA. The relationship between molar morphology and ecology within Neotoma. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The extensive diversity in dental form across mammals and its strong relationship with function provides insights into the diet, habitat, and behavior, of both extant and extinct taxa. Understanding the extent of variation in dental morphology across species allows for more accurate identification of fossils and a better ability to infer relationships between form and function and ecology. We examined variation in the size and shape of the first upper molar among the genus Neotoma. We employed elliptical Fourier analysis to quantify differences in the shape of 2D outlines for 23 populations and six species of Neotoma, varying in body size and habitat preference. As expected, molar length is a strong predictor of body size and is significantly and negatively correlated with temperature, particularly in species whose ranges span large latitudinal gradients. We found that differences in molar shape separate species into three general morpho-groups, with no evidence of a phylogenetic signal. While outline analysis could not robustly classify all molars to the species level, it did perform well for Neotoma cinerea, probably because of the greater degree of folding and more acute angling of molar lophs. In contrast, wider lophs with shallower enamel infolding was characteristic of species specializing on softer, more succulent resources (i.e., Neotoma albigula and Neotoma micropus). Neotoma floridana were inaccurately classified to species in the majority of cases, but were the only molars correctly identified to locality 100% of the time, suggesting that dietary specializations at a local level may drive morphological changes within the species as well as across the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina P Tomé
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Manter, Lincoln, USA
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Winifred Whiteman-Jennings
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Math, Science and Engineering, Central New Mexico Community College, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Felisa A Smith
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Crofts SB, Smith SM, Anderson PSL. Beyond Description: The Many Facets of Dental Biomechanics. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:594-607. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synopsis
Teeth lie at the interface between an animal and its environment and, with some exceptions, act as a major component of resource procurement through food acquisition and processing. Therefore, the shape of a tooth is closely tied to the type of food being eaten. This tight relationship is of use to biologists describing the natural history of species and given the high instance of tooth preservation in the fossil record, is especially useful for paleontologists. However, correlating gross tooth morphology to diet is only part of the story, and much more can be learned through the study of dental biomechanics. We can explore the mechanics of how teeth work, how different shapes evolved, and the underlying forces that constrain tooth shape. This review aims to provide an overview of the research on dental biomechanics, in both mammalian and non-mammalian teeth, and to synthesize two main approaches to dental biomechanics to develop an integrative framework for classifying and evaluating dental functional morphology. This framework relates food material properties to the dynamics of food processing, in particular how teeth transfer energy to food items, and how these mechanical considerations may have shaped the evolution of tooth morphology. We also review advances in technology and new techniques that have allowed more in-depth studies of tooth form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Crofts
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - S M Smith
- Field Museum of Natural History, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
| | - P S L Anderson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Linnenbrink M, Ullrich KK, McConnell E, Tautz D. The amylase gene cluster in house mice (Mus musculus) was subject to repeated introgression including the rescue of a pseudogene. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:56. [PMID: 32414322 PMCID: PMC7227347 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amylase gene clusters have been implicated in adaptive copy number changes in response to the amount of starch in the diet of humans and mammals. However, this interpretation has been questioned for humans and for mammals there is a paucity of information from natural populations. Results Using optical mapping and genome read information, we show here that the amylase cluster in natural house mouse populations is indeed copy-number variable for Amy2b paralogous gene copies (called Amy2a1 - Amy2a5), but a direct connection to starch diet is not evident. However, we find that the amylase cluster was subject to introgression of haplotypes between Mus musculus sub-species. A very recent introgression can be traced in the Western European populations and this leads also to the rescue of an Amy2b pseudogene. Some populations and inbred lines derived from the Western house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) harbor a copy of the pancreatic amylase (Amy2b) with a stop codon in the first exon, making it non-functional. But populations in France harbor a haplotype introgressed from the Eastern house mouse (M. m. musculus) with an intact reading frame. Detailed analysis of phylogenetic patterns along the amylase cluster suggest an additional history of previous introgressions. Conclusions Our results show that the amylase gene cluster is a hotspot of introgression in the mouse genome, making it an evolutionary active region beyond the previously observed copy number changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ellen McConnell
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany.
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Fox NS, Veneracion JJ, Blois JL. Are geometric morphometric analyses replicable? Evaluating landmark measurement error and its impact on extant and fossil Microtus classification. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3260-3275. [PMID: 32273985 PMCID: PMC7140992 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Geometric morphometric analyses are frequently employed to quantify biological shape and shape variation. Despite the popularity of this technique, quantification of measurement error in geometric morphometric datasets and its impact on statistical results is seldom assessed in the literature. Here, we evaluate error on 2D landmark coordinate configurations of the lower first molar of five North American Microtus (vole) species. We acquired data from the same specimens several times to quantify error from four data acquisition sources: specimen presentation, imaging devices, interobserver variation, and intraobserver variation. We then evaluated the impact of those errors on linear discriminant analysis-based classifications of the five species using recent specimens of known species affinity and fossil specimens of unknown species affinity. Results indicate that data acquisition error can be substantial, sometimes explaining >30% of the total variation among datasets. Comparisons of datasets digitized by different individuals exhibit the greatest discrepancies in landmark precision, and comparison of datasets photographed from different presentation angles yields the greatest discrepancies in species classification results. All error sources impact statistical classification to some extent. For example, no two landmark dataset replicates exhibit the same predicted group memberships of recent or fossil specimens. Our findings emphasize the need to mitigate error as much as possible during geometric morphometric data collection. Though the impact of measurement error on statistical fidelity is likely analysis-specific, we recommend that all geometric morphometric studies standardize specimen imaging equipment, specimen presentations (if analyses are 2D), and landmark digitizers to reduce error and subsequent analytical misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S. Fox
- Environmental Systems Graduate GroupUniversity of CaliforniaMercedCAUSA
| | - Joseph J. Veneracion
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaMercedCAUSA
| | - Jessica L. Blois
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaMercedCAUSA
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Hayden L, Lochovska K, Sémon M, Renaud S, Delignette-Muller ML, Vilcot M, Peterkova R, Hovorakova M, Pantalacci S. Developmental variability channels mouse molar evolution. eLife 2020; 9:50103. [PMID: 32048989 PMCID: PMC7182435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Do developmental systems preferentially produce certain types of variation that orient phenotypic evolution along preferred directions? At different scales, from the intra-population to the interspecific, the murine first upper molar shows repeated anterior elongation. Using a novel quantitative approach to compare the development of two mouse strains with short or long molars, we identified temporal, spatial and functional differences in tooth signaling center activity, that arise from differential tuning of the activation-inhibition mechanisms underlying tooth patterning. By tracing their fate, we could explain why only the upper first molar reacts via elongation of its anterior part. Despite a lack of genetic variation, individuals of the elongated strain varied in tooth length and the temporal dynamics of their signaling centers, highlighting the intrinsic instability of the upper molar developmental system. Collectively, these results reveal the variational properties of murine molar development that drive morphological evolution along a line of least resistance. Over time species develop random mutations in their genetic sequence that causes their form to change. If this new form increases the survival of a species it will become favored through natural selection and is more likely to get passed on to future generations. But, the evolution of these new traits also depends on what happens during development. Developmental mechanisms control how an embryo progresses from a single cell to an adult organism made of many cells. Mutations that alter these processes can influence the physical outcome of development, and cause a new trait to form. This means that if many different mutations alter development in a similar way, this can lead to the same physical change, making it ‘easy’ for a new trait to repeatedly occur. Most of the research has focused on finding the mutations that underlie repeated evolution, but rarely on identifying the role of the underlying developmental mechanisms. To bridge this gap, Hayden et al. investigated how changes during development influence the shape and size of molar teeth in mice. In some wild species of mice, the front part of the first upper molar is longer than in other species. This elongation, which is repeatedly found in mice from different islands, likely came from developmental mechanisms. Tooth development in mice has been well-studied in the laboratory, and Hayden et al. started by identifying two strains of laboratory mice that mimic the teeth seen in their wild cousins, one with elongated upper first molars and another with short ones. Comparing how these two strains of mice developed their elongated or short teeth revealed key differences in the embryonic structures that form the upper molar and cause it to elongate. Further work showed that variations in these embryonic structures can even cause mice that are genetically identical to have longer or shorter upper first molars. These findings show how early differences during development can lead to small variations in form between adult species of mice. This study highlights how studying developmental differences as well as genetic sequences can further our understanding of how different species evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hayden
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Katerina Lochovska
- 1st Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Sémon
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
| | - Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Laure Delignette-Muller
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maurine Vilcot
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Renata Peterkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sophie Pantalacci
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
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9
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First continuous pre-Jaramillo to Jaramillo terrestrial vertebrate succession from Europe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1901. [PMID: 32024903 PMCID: PMC7002404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the early Pleistocene small vertebrate sequence of Quibas-Sima (Quibas karstic complex, Murcia, SE Spain) is presented. The available magnetostratigraphic information together with the small vertebrate association, allow to reliably constrain the age of the different units. The basal unit of the section has recorded a reversed polarity assigned to the pre-Jaramillo Matuyama (C1r.2r, i.e., between 1.2 and 1.07 Ma). The intermediate units have recorded a normal polarity correlated directly with the Jaramillo subchron (C1r.1n, between 1.07 and 0.99 Ma), while the upper units record the post-Jaramillo reverse polarity (C1r.1r, i.e., between 0.99 and 0.78). Jaramillo subchron is especially significant regarding the earliest hominin dispersal in Western Europe. However, vertebrate faunas unambiguously correlatable with Jaramillo subchron are extremely rare in Europe. Thereby, the study of the Quibas-Sima sequence allows to characterize the vertebrate association synchronous to this paleomagnetic episode in southern Iberian Peninsula, and contributes to increase knowledge of the biotic and climatic events that took place in southern Europe at the beginning of the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition, prior to the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary. A continuous small vertebrate succession has been reported, including representatives of the families Bufonidae, Pelodytidae, Testudinidae, Gekkonidae, Blanidae, Lacertidae, Colubridae, Viperidae, Soricidae, Erinaceidae, Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae, Muridae, Gliridae, Sciuridae, Leporidae and Ochotonidae The ecological affinities of the faunal association suggest a progressive reduction in forest cover in the onset of the Jaramillo subchron.
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10
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López-Antoñanzas R, Renaud S, Peláez-Campomanes P, Azar D, Kachacha G, Knoll F. First levantine fossil murines shed new light on the earliest intercontinental dispersal of mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11874. [PMID: 31467294 PMCID: PMC6715647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent extensive field prospecting conducted in the Upper Miocene of Lebanon resulted in the discovery of several new fossiliferous localities. One of these, situated in the Zahleh area (Bekaa Valley, central Lebanon) has yielded a particularly diverse vertebrate fauna. Micromammals constitute an important part of this assemblage because not only do they represent the first Neogene rodents and insectivores from Lebanon, but they are also the only ones from the early Late Miocene of the Arabian Peninsula and circumambient areas. Analyses of the murines from Zahleh reveal that they belong to a small-sized early Progonomys, which cannot be assigned to any of the species of the genus hitherto described. They are, thereby, shown to represent a new species: Progonomys manolo. Morphometric analyses of the outline of the first upper molars of this species suggest a generalist and omnivorous diet. This record sheds new light onto a major phenomenon in the evolutionary history of rodents, which is the earliest dispersal of mice. It suggests that the arrival of murines in Africa got under way through the Levant rather than via southern Europe and was monitored by the ecological requirements of Progonomys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel López-Antoñanzas
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution (UMR-CNRS 5554), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR-CNRS 5558), Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Dany Azar
- Natural Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - George Kachacha
- Natural Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Fabien Knoll
- Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,ARAID-Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinopolis, Teruel, Spain.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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11
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Pallares LF, Ledevin R, Pantalacci S, Turner LM, Steingrimsson E, Renaud S. Genomic regions controlling shape variation in the first upper molar of the house mouse. eLife 2017; 6:29510. [PMID: 29091026 PMCID: PMC5679752 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous loci of large effect have been shown to underlie phenotypic variation between species. However, loci with subtle effects are presumably more frequently involved in microevolutionary processes but have rarely been discovered. We explore the genetic basis of shape variation in the first upper molar of hybrid mice between Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus. We performed the first genome-wide association study for molar shape and used 3D surface morphometrics to quantify subtle variation between individuals. We show that many loci of small effect underlie phenotypic variation, and identify five genomic regions associated with tooth shape; one region contained the gene microphthalmia-associated transcription factor Mitf that has previously been associated with tooth malformations. Using a panel of five mutant laboratory strains, we show the effect of the Mitf gene on tooth shape. This is the first report of a gene causing subtle but consistent variation in tooth shape resembling variation in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Pallares
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Ronan Ledevin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sophie Pantalacci
- ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 15 parvis Descartes, F-69007, UnivLyon, Lyon, France
| | - Leslie M Turner
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, Unites States
| | - Eirikur Steingrimsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, CNRS, University Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Gomez Cano AR, Kimura Y, Blanco F, Menéndez I, Álvarez-Sierra MA, Hernández Fernández M. Ecomorphological characterization of murines and non-arvicoline cricetids (Rodentia) from south-western Europe since the latest Middle Miocene to the Mio-Pliocene boundary (MN 7/8-MN13). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3646. [PMID: 28966888 PMCID: PMC5619236 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are the most speciose group of mammals and display a great ecological diversity. Despite the greater amount of ecomorphological information compiled for extant rodent species, studies usually lack of morphological data on dentition, which has led to difficulty in directly utilizing existing ecomorphological data of extant rodents for paleoecological reconstruction because teeth are the most common or often the only micromammal fossils. Here, we infer the environmental ranges of extinct rodent genera by extracting habitat information from extant relatives and linking it to extinct taxa based on the phenogram of the cluster analysis, in which variables are derived from the principal component analysis on outline shape of the upper first molars. This phenotypic “bracketing” approach is particularly useful in the study of the fossil record of small mammals, which is mostly represented by isolated teeth. As a case study, we utilize extinct genera of murines and non-arvicoline cricetids, ranging from the Iberoccitanian latest middle Miocene to the Mio-Pliocene boundary, and compare our results thoroughly with previous paleoecological reconstructions inferred by different methods. The resultant phenogram shows a predominance of ubiquitous genera among the Miocene taxa, and the presence of a few forest specialists in the two rodent groups (Murinae and Cricetidae), along with the absence of open environment specialists in either group of rodents. This appears to be related to the absence of enduring grassland biomes in the Iberian Peninsula during the late Miocene. High consistency between our result and previous studies suggests that this phenotypic “bracketing” approach is a very useful tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Gomez Cano
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Transmitting Science, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuri Kimura
- Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fernando Blanco
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Menéndez
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Álvarez-Sierra
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández Fernández
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Lima Boroni N, Lobo LS, Romano PSR, Lessa G. Taxonomic identification using geometric morphometric approach and limited data: an example using the upper molars of two sympatric species of Calomys (Cricetidae: Rodentia). ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.34.e19864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomic identification of micromammals might be complicated when the study material is fragmented, as it is the case with pellets and fossil material. On the other hand, tooth morphology generally provides accurate information for species identification. Teeth preserve notably well, retaining their original morphology, unlike skulls and mandibles, which can get crushed or have missing parts. Here, we explored a geometric morphometrics approach (GM) to identify fragmented specimens of two sympatric Calomys Waterhouse, 1837 species – Calomys tener (Winge, 1888) and Calomys expulsus (Lund, 1841) – using the morphology of intact molars as the basis for identification. Furthermore, we included some specimens of uncertain taxonomic identification to test their affinities and the utility of the shape of the molar to identify incomplete specimens. We evaluated the variations in the shape of the first upper molar (M1) among 46 owl pellets specimens of Calomys, including C. expulsus (n = 15), C. tener (n = 15), and unidentified specimens treated as Calomys sp. (n = 16) through GM analysis using 17 landmarks. The data was explored using PCA, PERMANOVA, and Discriminant analyses over the Procrustes residuals matrix were applied to evaluate inter- and intraspecific shape differences. Also, we evaluated whether allometric shape differences could impact the data, but found no evidence of a correlation between size and shape. Our results support that shape differences in the M1 are effective for discriminating between C. tener and C. expulsus. Moreover, the unidentified specimens do not represent a third shape but could be identified with confidence either as C. tener or C. expulsus. Our results show that even with fragmentary materials, GM is a feasible and useful tool for exploring inter-specific shape differences and assisting in taxonomic identification as a complement to traditional qualitative description of diagnostic features in poorly preserved specimens.
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14
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Ledevin R, Chevret P, Ganem G, Britton-Davidian J, Hardouin EA, Chapuis JL, Pisanu B, da Luz Mathias M, Schlager S, Auffray JC, Renaud S. Phylogeny and adaptation shape the teeth of insular mice. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2015.2820. [PMID: 26842576 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By accompanying human travels since prehistorical times, the house mouse dispersed widely throughout the world, and colonized many islands. The origin of the travellers determined the phylogenetic source of the insular mice, which encountered diverse ecological and environmental conditions on the various islands. Insular mice are thus an exceptional model to disentangle the relative role of phylogeny, ecology and climate in evolution. Molar shape is known to vary according to phylogeny and to respond to adaptation. Using for the first time a three-dimensional geometric morphometric approach, compared with a classical two-dimensional quantification, the relative effects of size variation, phylogeny, climate and ecology were investigated on molar shape diversity across a variety of islands. Phylogeny emerged as the factor of prime importance in shaping the molar. Changes in competition level, mostly driven by the presence or absence of the wood mouse on the different islands, appeared as the second most important effect. Climate and size differences accounted for slight shape variation. This evidences a balanced role of random differentiation related to history of colonization, and of adaptation possibly related to resource exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Ledevin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Pascale Chevret
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Guila Ganem
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Janice Britton-Davidian
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Emilie A Hardouin
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Bournemouth University, Christchurch House, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Jean-Louis Chapuis
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204, Muséum National d'Histoire, Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
| | - Benoit Pisanu
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204, Muséum National d'Histoire, Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar and Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Stefan Schlager
- Anthropologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Albert Ludwigs, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622, France
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15
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Alhajeri BH. Craniomandibular Variation in the Taxonomically Problematic Gerbil Genus Gerbillus (Gerbillinae, Rodentia): Assessing the Influence of Climate, Geography, Phylogeny, and Size. J MAMM EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-016-9377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Verde Arregoitia LD, Fisher DO, Schweizer M. Morphology captures diet and locomotor types in rodents. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:160957. [PMID: 28280593 PMCID: PMC5319359 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand the functional meaning of morphological features, we need to relate what we know about morphology and ecology in a meaningful, quantitative framework. Closely related species usually share more phenotypic features than distant ones, but close relatives do not necessarily have the same ecologies. Rodents are the most diverse group of living mammals, with impressive ecomorphological diversification. We used museum collections and ecological literature to gather data on morphology, diet and locomotion for 208 species of rodents from different bioregions to investigate how morphological similarity and phylogenetic relatedness are associated with ecology. After considering differences in body size and shared evolutionary history, we find that unrelated species with similar ecologies can be characterized by a well-defined suite of morphological features. Our results validate the hypothesized ecological relevance of the chosen traits. These cranial, dental and external (e.g. ears) characters predicted diet and locomotion and showed consistent differences among species with different feeding and substrate use strategies. We conclude that when ecological characters do not show strong phylogenetic patterns, we cannot simply assume that close relatives are ecologically similar. Museum specimens are valuable records of species' phenotypes and with the characters proposed here, morphology can reflect functional similarity, an important component of community ecology and macroevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana O. Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Manuel Schweizer
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, Bern 3005, Switzerland
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17
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Verde Arregoitia LD, Fisher DO, Schweizer M. Morphology captures diet and locomotor types in rodents. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 28280593 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the functional meaning of morphological features, we need to relate what we know about morphology and ecology in a meaningful, quantitative framework. Closely related species usually share more phenotypic features than distant ones, but close relatives do not necessarily have the same ecologies. Rodents are the most diverse group of living mammals, with impressive ecomorphological diversification. We used museum collections and ecological literature to gather data on morphology, diet and locomotion for 208 species of rodents from different bioregions to investigate how morphological similarity and phylogenetic relatedness are associated with ecology. After considering differences in body size and shared evolutionary history, we find that unrelated species with similar ecologies can be characterized by a well-defined suite of morphological features. Our results validate the hypothesized ecological relevance of the chosen traits. These cranial, dental and external (e.g. ears) characters predicted diet and locomotion and showed consistent differences among species with different feeding and substrate use strategies. We conclude that when ecological characters do not show strong phylogenetic patterns, we cannot simply assume that close relatives are ecologically similar. Museum specimens are valuable records of species' phenotypes and with the characters proposed here, morphology can reflect functional similarity, an important component of community ecology and macroevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana O Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Manuel Schweizer
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, Bern 3005 , Switzerland
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18
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Ho PL, Lo WU, Lai EL, Law PY, Leung SM, Wang Y, Chow KH. Clonal diversity of CTX-M-producing, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from rodents. J Med Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pak-Leung Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wai-U Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Eileen L. Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Pierra Y. Law
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Sammy M. Leung
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kin-Hung Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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