1
|
ElTaweel M, Said HS, Barwa R. Emergence of extensive drug resistance and high prevalence of multidrug resistance among clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates in Egypt. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:46. [PMID: 38790053 PMCID: PMC11127457 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen that has been held responsible for numerous nosocomial and community-acquired infections which are difficult to be controlled because of its diverse antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. mirabilis isolates collected from different clinical sources in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt was determined. Moreover, the underlying resistance mechanisms and genetic relatedness between isolates were investigated. RESULTS Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated elevated levels of resistance to different classes of antimicrobials among the tested P. mirabilis clinical isolates (n = 66). ERIC-PCR showed great diversity among the tested isolates. Six isolates (9.1%) were XDR while all the remaining isolates were MDR. ESBLs and AmpCs were detected in 57.6% and 21.2% of the isolates, respectively, where blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaCIT-M and blaAmpC were detected. Carbapenemases and MBLs were detected in 10.6 and 9.1% of the isolates, respectively, where blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1 genes were detected. Quinolone resistant isolates (75.8%) harbored acc(6')-Ib-cr, qnrD, qnrA, and qnrS genes. Resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol exceeded 80%. Fosfomycin was the most active drug against the tested isolates as only 22.7% were resistant. Class I or II integrons were detected in 86.4% of the isolates. Among class I integron positive isolates, four different gene cassette arrays (dfrA17- aadA5, aadB-aadA2, aadA2-lnuF, and dfrA14-arr-3-blaOXA-10-aadA15) and two gene cassettes (dfrA7 and aadA1) were detected. While class II integron positive isolates carried four different gene cassette arrays (dfrA1-sat1-aadA1, estXVr-sat2-aadA1, lnuF- dfrA1-aadA1, and dfrA1-sat2). CONCLUSION P. Mirabilis ability to acquire resistance determinants via integrons may be held responsible for the elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of XDR or even PDR strains limiting the available therapeutic options for management of infections caused by those strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggi ElTaweel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Heba Shehta Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Barwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Proteus mirabilis isolated from untreated hospital wastewater, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria showed low-level resistance to fluoroquinolone and carried qnrD3 on Col3M plasmids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47158-47167. [PMID: 36735119 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Untreated wastewater emanating from healthcare facilities are risk factors for the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at the human-environment interface. In this study, we investigated the determinants of resistance in three multidrug resistant strains of Proteus mirabilis isolated from untreated wastewater collected from three government owned hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria. Despite showing low-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, whole genome sequencing revealed the transferable mechanism of quinolone resistance (TMQR) gene qnrD3 carried on Col3M plasmids in all the isolates. Core genome phylogenetic analysis showed the isolates are closely related differing from each other by ≤ 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Further, they shared the closest evolutionary relationship with isolates from China. Similarly, the Col3M plasmids is most closely related to p3M-2A found in P. vulgaris 3 M isolated from the intestine of shrimps in China. This to the best of our knowledge is the first report of Col3M plasmids carrying qnrD3 in environmental bacterial isolates. Our results indicate a possible silent spread of this important plasmid associated with the dissemination of qnrD3 in Nigeria, and further highlights the important role played by untreated wastewater from healthcare facilities in the spread of AMR in low- and middle-income countries.
Collapse
|
3
|
Complete Genome Sequence of Providencia stuartii CMC-4104, Isolated from a Human Splenic Abscess, Containing Multiple Copies of NDM-1 and PER-1 Carbapenem Resistance Genes. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0051422. [PMID: 35924937 PMCID: PMC9476899 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00514-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of a clinical isolate of Providencia stuartii strain CMC-4104, isolated from a splenic abscess. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Illumina sequencing reads were assembled using Geneious to generate a 4,504,925-bp circular chromosome containing multiple copies of the NDM-1 and PER-1 genes in a genomic resistance island.
Collapse
|
4
|
Aaron J, van Zyl LJ, Dicks LMT. Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Proteus Virus 309. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061309. [PMID: 35746779 PMCID: PMC9229222 DOI: 10.3390/v14061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is frequently associated with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is the main cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Treatment of such infections is complicated and challenging due to the biofilm forming abilities of P. mirabilis. If neglected or mistreated, infections may lead to life-threating conditions such as cystitis, pyelonephritis, kidney failure, and bacteremia that may progress to urosepsis. Treatment with antibiotics, especially in cases of recurring and persistent infections, leads to the development of resistant strains. Recent insights into phage therapy and using phages to coat catheters have been evaluated with many studies showing promising results. Here, we describe a highly lytic bacteriophage, Proteus_virus_309 (41,740 bp), isolated from a wastewater treatment facility in Cape Town, South Africa. According to guidelines of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), bacteriophage 309 is a species within the genus Novosibovirus. Similar to most members of the genus, bacteriophage 309 is strain-specific and lyse P. mirabilis in less than 20 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Aaron
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;
| | - Leonardo J. van Zyl
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Leon M. T. Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Babosan A, Skurnik D, Muggeo A, Pier G, Baharoglu Z, Jové T, Ploy MC, Griveau S, Bedioui F, Vergnolle S, Moussalih S, de Champs C, Mazel D, Guillard T. A qnr-plasmid allows aminoglycosides to induce SOS in Escherichia coli. eLife 2022; 11:69511. [PMID: 35037621 PMCID: PMC8789287 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes have been shown to promote high-level bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, potentially leading to clinical treatment failures. In Escherichia coli, sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of the widely used fluoroquinolones are known to induce the SOS response. Interestingly, the expression of several PMQR qnr genes is controlled by the SOS master regulator, LexA. During the characterization of a small qnrD-plasmid carried in E. coli, we observed that the aminoglycosides become able to induce the SOS response in this species, thus leading to the elevated transcription of qnrD. Our findings show that the induction of the SOS response is due to nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in the presence of sub-MIC of aminoglycosides. We demonstrated that the NO accumulation is driven by two plasmid genes, ORF3 and ORF4, whose products act at two levels. ORF3 encodes a putative flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding oxidoreductase which helps NO synthesis, while ORF4 codes for a putative fumarate and nitrate reductase (FNR)-type transcription factor, related to an O2-responsive regulator of hmp expression, able to repress the Hmp-mediated NO detoxification pathway of E. coli. Thus, this discovery, that other major classes of antibiotics may induce the SOS response could have worthwhile implications for antibiotic stewardship efforts in preventing the emergence of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Babosan
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - David Skurnik
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm U1151-Equipe 11, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anaëlle Muggeo
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Gerald Pier
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Zeynep Baharoglu
- Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, CNRS UMR3525, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Jové
- CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, UMR 1092, Université de Limoges, Inserm, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Ploy
- CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, UMR 1092, Université de Limoges, Inserm, Limoges, France
| | - Sophie Griveau
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Moussalih
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christophe de Champs
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Didier Mazel
- Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, CNRS UMR3525, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andolfo G, Schuster C, Gharsa HB, Ruocco M, Leclerque A. Genomic analysis of the nomenclatural type strain of the nematode-associated entomopathogenic bacterium Providencia vermicola. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:708. [PMID: 34598677 PMCID: PMC8487129 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are mainly known as opportunistic human pathogens but have been isolated from highly diverse natural environments. The species Providencia vermicola comprises insect pathogenic bacteria carried by entomoparasitic nematodes and is investigated as a possible insect biocontrol agent. The recent publication of several genome sequences from bacteria assigned to this species has given rise to inconsistent preliminary results. Results The genome of the nematode-derived P. vermicola type strain DSM_17385 has been assembled into a 4.2 Mb sequence comprising 5 scaffolds and 13 contigs. A total of 3969 protein-encoding genes were identified. Multilocus sequence typing with different marker sets revealed that none of the previously published presumed P. vermicola genomes represents this taxonomic species. Comparative genomic analysis has confirmed a close phylogenetic relationship of P. vermicola to the P. rettgeri species complex. P. vermicola DSM_17385 carries a type III secretion system (T3SS-1) with probable function in host cell invasion or intracellular survival. Potentially antibiotic resistance-associated genes comprising numerous efflux pumps and point-mutated house-keeping genes, have been identified across the P. vermicola genome. A single small (3.7 kb) plasmid identified, pPVER1, structurally belongs to the qnrD-type family of fluoroquinolone resistance conferring plasmids that is prominent in Providencia and Proteus bacteria, but lacks the qnrD resistance gene. Conclusions The sequence reported represents the first well-supported published genome for the taxonomic species P. vermicola to be used as reference in further comparative genomics studies on Providencia bacteria. Due to a striking difference in the type of injectisome encoded by the respective genomes, P. vermicola might operate a fundamentally different mechanism of entomopathogenicity when compared to insect-pathogenic Providencia sneebia or Providencia burhodogranariea. The complete absence of antibiotic resistance gene carrying plasmids or mobile genetic elements as those causing multi drug resistance phenomena in clinical Providencia strains, is consistent with the invertebrate pathogen P. vermicola being in its natural environment efficiently excluded from the propagation routes of multidrug resistance (MDR) carrying genetic elements operating between human pathogens. Susceptibility to MDR plasmid acquisition will likely become a major criterion in the evaluation of P. vermicola for potential applications in biological pest control. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08027-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Christina Schuster
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Haifa Ben Gharsa
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Andreas Leclerque
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany. .,Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Azargun R, Gholizadeh P, Sadeghi V, Hosainzadegan H, Tarhriz V, Memar MY, Pormohammad A, Eyvazi S. Molecular mechanisms associated with quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: review and update. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 114:770-781. [PMID: 32609840 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are used for the treatment of different infectious diseases associated with Enterobacteriaceae. During recent decades, the wide use as well as overuse of quinolones against diverse infections has led to the emergence of quinolone-resistant bacterial strains. Herein, we present the development of quinolone antibiotics, their function and also the different quinolone resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae by reviewing recent literature. METHODS All data were extracted from Google Scholar search engine and PubMed site, using keywords; quinolone resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, etc. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The acquisition of resistance to quinolones is a complex and multifactorial process. The main resistance mechanisms consist of one or a combination of target-site gene mutations altering the drug-binding affinity of target enzymes. Other mechanisms of quinolone resistance are overexpression of AcrAB-tolC multidrug-resistant efflux pumps and downexpression of porins as well as plasmid-encoded resistance proteins including Qnr protection proteins, aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (AAC(6')-Ib-cr) and plasmid-encoded active efflux pumps such as OqxAB and QepA. The elucidation of resistance mechanisms will help researchers to explore new drugs against the resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robab Azargun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Pourya Gholizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Sadeghi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hasan Hosainzadegan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Pormohammad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Calderón-Franco D, van Loosdrecht MCM, Abeel T, Weissbrodt DG. Free-floating extracellular DNA: Systematic profiling of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance from wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116592. [PMID: 33171295 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The free-floating extracellular DNA (exDNA) fraction of microbial ecosystems harbors antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Natural transformation of these xenogenetic elements can generate microbial cells resistant to one or more antibiotics. Isolating and obtaining a high yield of exDNA is challenging due to its low concentration in wastewater environments. Profiling exDNA is crucial to unravel the ecology of free-floating ARGs and MGEs and their contribution to horizontal genetransfer. We developed a method using chromatography to isolate and enrich exDNA without causing cell lysis from complex wastewater matrices like influent (9 µg exDNA out of 1 L), activated sludge (5.6 µg out of 1 L), and treated effluent (4.3 µg out of 1 L). ARGs and MGEs were metagenomically profiled for both the exDNA and intracellular DNA (iDNA) of activated sludge, and quantified by qPCR in effluent water. qPCR revealed that ARGs and MGEs are more abundant in the iDNA fraction while still significant on exDNA (100-1000 gene copies mL-1) in effluent water. The metagenome highlighted that exDNA is mainly composed of MGEs (65%). According to their relatively low abundance in the resistome of exDNA, ARGs uptake by natural transformation is likely not the main transfer mechanism. Although ARGs are not highly abundant in exDNA, the prevalence of MGEs in the exDNA fraction can indirectly promote antibiotic resistance development. The combination of this method with functional metagenomics can help to elucidate the transfer and development of resistances in microbial communities. A systematic profiling of the different DNA fractions will foster microbial risk assessments across water systems, supporting water authorities to delineate measures to safeguard environmental and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Abeel
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - David G Weissbrodt
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang H, Chang M, Zhang X, Cai P, Dai Y, Song T, Wu Z, Xu H, Qiao M. Functional Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of Two Novel Plasmids Mediating Quinolone Resistance in Proteus vulgaris. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071074. [PMID: 32708454 PMCID: PMC7409132 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) remains one of the main mechanisms of bacterial quinolone resistance and plays an important role in the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, two novel plasmids, p3M-2A and p3M-2B, which mediate quinolone resistance in Proteus vulgaris strain 3M (P3M) were identified. Of these, only p3M-2B appeared to be a qnrD-carrying plasmid. Both p3M-2A and p3M-2B could be transferred into Escherichia coli, and the latter caused a twofold change in ciprofloxacin resistance, according to the measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Plasmid curing/complementation and qRT-PCR results showed that p3M-2A can directly regulate the expression of qnrD in p3M-2B under treatment with ciprofloxacin, in which process, ORF1 was found to play an important role. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationships of all reported qnrD-carrying plasmids and showed that ORF1–4 in p3M-2B is the most conserved backbone for the normal function of qnrD-carrying plasmids. The identified direct repeats (DR) suggested that, from an evolutionary perspective, p3M-2B may have originated from the 2683-bp qnrD-carrying plasmid and may increase the possibility of plasmid recombination and then of qnrD transfer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identification of a novel qnrD-carrying plasmid isolated from a P. vulgaris strain of shrimp origin and a plasmid that plays a regulatory role in qnrD expression. This study also sheds new light on plasmid evolution and on the mechanism of horizontal transfer of ARGs encoded by plasmids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Mingding Chang
- Zhengzhou University Industrial Technology Institute Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China;
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Peiyan Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Yixin Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Tongzhen Song
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Haijin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.D.); (T.S.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Genome-based insights into the resistomes and mobilomes of two Providencia rettgeri strains isolated from wound infections in Madagascar. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 20:178-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
11
|
Girlich D, Bonnin RA, Dortet L, Naas T. Genetics of Acquired Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Proteus spp. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:256. [PMID: 32153540 PMCID: PMC7046756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus spp. are commensal Enterobacterales of the human digestive tract. At the same time, P. mirabilis is commonly involved in urinary tract infections (UTI). P. mirabilis is naturally resistant to several antibiotics including colistin and shows reduced susceptibility to imipenem. However higher levels of resistance to imipenem commonly occur in P. mirabilis isolates consecutively to the loss of porins, reduced expression of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) PBP1a, PBP2, or acquisition of several antibiotic resistance genes, including carbapenemase genes. In addition, resistance to non-β-lactams is also frequently reported including molecules used for treating UTI infections (e.g., fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans). Emergence and spread of multidrug resistant P. mirabilis isolates, including those producing ESBLs, AmpC cephalosporinases and carbapenemases, are being more and more frequently reported. This review covers Proteus spp. with a focus on the different genetic mechanisms involved in the acquisition of resistance genes to multiple antibiotic classes turning P. mirabilis into a dreadful pandrug resistant bacteria and resulting in difficult to treat infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Girlich
- EA7361 "Structure, dynamic, function and expression of broad spectrum β-lactamases", LabEx Lermit, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur - APHP - Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Rémy A Bonnin
- EA7361 "Structure, dynamic, function and expression of broad spectrum β-lactamases", LabEx Lermit, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur - APHP - Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Dortet
- EA7361 "Structure, dynamic, function and expression of broad spectrum β-lactamases", LabEx Lermit, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur - APHP - Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- EA7361 "Structure, dynamic, function and expression of broad spectrum β-lactamases", LabEx Lermit, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur - APHP - Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
While the description of resistance to quinolones is almost as old as these antimicrobial agents themselves, transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance (TMQR) remained absent from the scenario for more than 36 years, appearing first as sporadic events and afterward as epidemics. In 1998, the first TMQR was soundly described, that is, QnrA. The presence of QnrA was almost anecdotal for years, but in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, there was an explosion of TMQR descriptions, which definitively changed the epidemiology of quinolone resistance. Currently, 3 different clinically relevant mechanisms of quinolone resistance are encoded within mobile elements: (i) target protection, which is mediated by 7 different families of Qnr (QnrA, QnrB, QnrC, QnrD, QnrE, QnrS, and QnrVC), which overall account for more than 100 recognized alleles; (ii) antibiotic efflux, which is mediated by 2 main transferable efflux pumps (QepA and OqxAB), which together account for more than 30 alleles, and a series of other efflux pumps (e.g., QacBIII), which at present have been sporadically described; and (iii) antibiotic modification, which is mediated by the enzymes AAC(6')Ib-cr, from which different alleles have been claimed, as well as CrpP, a newly described phosphorylase.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gharout-Sait A, Touati A, Ahmim M, Brasme L, Guillard T, Agsous A, de Champs C. Occurrence of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bat Guano. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1057-1062. [PMID: 31021173 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen for the presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) isolates from bat guano in Bejaia, Algeria. Guano samples (n = 110) were collected in Aokas's cave, Bejaia, Algeria, between March and May 2016. Samples were plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with ertapenem (0.5 mg/L) and vancomycin (32 mg/L). The isolates were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion method. Carbapenemase, extended spectrum β-lactamases, plasmid-mediated AmpC, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were studied using PCR and sequencing. Clonal relatedness was studied using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Two CPE isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. PCR and sequencing identified the blaOXA-48 in one K. pneumoniae strain (CS34) and blaKPC-3 in the other strain (CS63). K. pneumoniae CS63 was found to carry blaTEM-1 and aac(6')-Ib genes. The MLST showed that K. pneumoniae CS63 was assigned to ST512, whereas K. pneumoniae CS34 belonged to ST1878. This is the first description of CPE from bats' guano.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alima Gharout-Sait
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Mourad Ahmim
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Environnement, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Lucien Brasme
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, Avenue du Général Koenig, Reims, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, Avenue du Général Koenig, Reims, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Amir Agsous
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Christophe de Champs
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, Avenue du Général Koenig, Reims, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kraychete GB, Campana EH, Picão RC, Bonelli RR. qnrD-harboring plasmids in Providencia spp. recovered from food and environmental Brazilian sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1290-1292. [PMID: 30235614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
QnrD is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinant first reported in clinical Salmonella enterica isolates from China, located on nonconjugative plasmids of 4270 bp. Since then, the qnrD gene has been mostly found on plasmids around 2683 bp in Proteus and Morganella genera. However, Providencia spp. strains carrying qnrD-harboring plasmids have only been reported among clinical samples, in France and China. In this paper we describe two plasmids carrying qnrD in Providencia spp. isolated from Brazilian food and coastal waters. These plasmids present high coverage and identity with those recovered in France. Our results emphasize the relevance of the Proteeae tribe as reservoirs of qnrD and include P. rettgeri as a possible environmental carrier of this gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bergiante Kraychete
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica (LIMM), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloiza Helena Campana
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica (LIMM), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Picão
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica (LIMM), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Regina Bonelli
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica (LIMM), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kocsis B, Szmolka A, Szabo O, Gulyas D, Kristóf K, Göcző I, Szabo D. Ciprofloxacin Promoted qnrD Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis of qnrD Harboring Plasmids. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:501-508. [PMID: 30461351 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Morganella morganii SE10MM harboring quinolone resistance determinant qnrD was investigated in our study. An entirely sequenced novel 2,662 bp qnrD-plasmid pSE10MM was identified and deposited at GenBank under accession number KU160530. Nucleic acid sequence of pSE10MM showed 94-97% similarity to previously detected qnrD-plasmids of Proteus mirabilis strains. Phylogenetic analysis by Geneious 9.0.5 showed clusters of plasmids with possible common origin. Initial expression of qnrD gene was found 12.5 normalized to rpoB housekeeping gene. Subsequently, a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (1 mg/L) ciprofloxacin exposure resulted in a fold change of 30.06 at 24 hours. In contrast, qnrD-plasmid pSE10MM copy number increased in time from 1.1 to 6.63. Chromosomal mutations of gyrA with S83I, gyrB with S463A, and parC with S80I amino acid substitutions were detected, but no other mutations have occurred as a consequence of ciprofloxacin exposure. Elevated expression of qnrD correlated with that of recA in M. morganii during ciprofloxacin exposure, which indicates SOS-dependent regulation of qnrD. Protective effect of QnrD plays a role in fluoroquinolone-resistant strain even in the presence of chromosomal mutations in gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bela Kocsis
- 1 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ama Szmolka
- 2 Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Szabo
- 1 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Gulyas
- 1 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kristóf
- 3 Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Göcző
- 1 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Szabo
- 1 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pathirana HNKS, Shin GW, Wimalasena SHMP, De Silva BCJ, Hossain S, Heo GJ. PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF QUINOLONE RESISTANCE GENES IN PROTEUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM PET TURTLES. J Exot Pet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
17
|
Description of a 2682-bp plasmid containing qnrD1 in Proteus mirabilis isolated from a diseased chicken. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:294-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
18
|
Characterization of quinolone resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from companion animals in Europe (ComPath II study). Vet Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Olaitan AO, Diene SM, Assous MV, Rolain JM. Genomic Plasticity of Multidrug-Resistant NDM-1 Positive Clinical Isolate of Providencia rettgeri. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 8:723-8. [PMID: 27386606 PMCID: PMC4823973 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a detailed whole-genome sequence analysis of Providencia rettgeri H1736, a multidrug-resistant clinical pathogen isolated in Israel in 2011. The objective was to describe the genomic flexibility of this bacterium that has greatly contributed to its pathogenicity. The genome has a chromosome size of 4,609,352 bp with 40.22% GC content. Five plasmids were predicted, as well as other mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including phages, genomic islands, and integrative and conjugative elements. The resistome consisted of a total of 27 different antibiotic resistance genes including blaNDM-1, mostly located on MGEs. Phenotypically, the bacteria displayed resistance to a total of ten different antimicrobial classes. Various features such as metabolic operons (including a novel carbapenem biosynthesis operon) and virulence genes were also borne on the MGEs, making P. rettgeri H1736 significantly different from other P. rettgeri isolates. A large quantity of the genetic diversity that exists in P. rettgeri H1736 was due to extensive horizontal gene transfer events, leading to an enormous presence of MGEs in its genome. Most of these changes contributed toward the pathogenic evolution of this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Olumuyiwa Olaitan
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Victor Assous
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: a systematic review with a focus on Mediterranean countries. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 36:421-435. [PMID: 27889879 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Quinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs. These molecules have been widely prescribed to treat various infectious diseases and have been classified into several generations based on their spectrum of activity. Quinolones inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by interfering with the action of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Mutations in the genes encoding these targets are the most common mechanisms of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance. Moreover, three mechanisms for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) have been discovered since 1998 and include Qnr proteins, the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and plasmid-mediated efflux pumps QepA and OqxAB. Plasmids with these mechanisms often encode additional antimicrobial resistance (extended spectrum beta-lactamases [ESBLs] and plasmidic AmpC [pAmpC] ß-lactamases) and can transfer multidrug resistance. The PMQR determinants are disseminated in Mediterranean countries with prevalence relatively high depending on the sources and the regions, highlighting the necessity of long-term surveillance for the future monitoring of trends in the occurrence of PMQR genes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jones-Dias D, Clemente L, Moura IB, Sampaio DA, Albuquerque T, Vieira L, Manageiro V, Caniça M. Draft Genomic Analysis of an Avian Multidrug Resistant Morganella morganii Isolate Carrying qnrD1. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1660. [PMID: 27826290 PMCID: PMC5078487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morganella morganii is a commensal bacterium and opportunistic pathogen often present in the gut of humans and animals. We report the 4.3 Mbp draft genome sequence of a M. morganii isolated in association with an Escherichia coli from broilers in Portugal that showed macroscopic lesions consistent with colisepticemia. The analysis of the genome matched the multidrug resistance phenotype and enabled the identification of several clinically important and potentially mobile acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrD1. Mobile genetic elements, prophages, and pathogenicity factors were also detected, improving our understanding toward this human and animal opportunistic pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jones-Dias
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo JorgeLisbon, Portugal; Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto UniversityOporto, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- Microbiology and Mycology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês B Moura
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo JorgeLisbon, Portugal; Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto UniversityOporto, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Sampaio
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Albuquerque
- Microbiology and Mycology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Vieira
- Innovation and Technology Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo JorgeLisbon, Portugal; Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto UniversityOporto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guillard T, de Jong A, Limelette A, Lebreil A, Madoux J, de Champs C. Characterization of quinolone resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae recovered from diseased companion animals in Europe. Vet Microbiol 2016; 194:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: Two decades on. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 29:13-29. [PMID: 27912841 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After two decades of the discovery of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), three different mechanisms have been associated to this phenomenon: target protection (Qnr proteins, including several families with multiple alleles), active efflux pumps (mainly QepA and OqxAB pumps) and drug modification [AAC(6')-Ib-cr acetyltransferase]. PMQR genes are usually associated with mobile or transposable elements on plasmids, and, in the case of qnr genes, are often incorporated into sul1-type integrons. PMQR has been found in clinical and environmental isolates around the world and appears to be spreading. Although the three PMQR mechanisms alone cause only low-level resistance to quinolones, they can complement other mechanisms of chromosomal resistance to reach clinical resistance level and facilitate the selection of higher-level resistance, raising a threat to the treatment of infections by microorganisms that host these mechanisms.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hooper DC, Jacoby GA. Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Fluoroquinolone Mechanisms of Action and Resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a025320. [PMID: 27449972 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quinolone antimicrobials are widely used in clinical medicine and are the only current class of agents that directly inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis. Quinolones dually target DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV binding to specific domains and conformations so as to block DNA strand passage catalysis and stabilize DNA-enzyme complexes that block the DNA replication apparatus and generate double breaks in DNA that underlie their bactericidal activity. Resistance has emerged with clinical use of these agents and is common in some bacterial pathogens. Mechanisms of resistance include mutational alterations in drug target affinity and efflux pump expression and acquisition of resistance-conferring genes. Resistance mutations in one or both of the two drug target enzymes are commonly in a localized domain of the GyrA and ParC subunits of gyrase and topoisomerase IV, respectively, and reduce drug binding to the enzyme-DNA complex. Other resistance mutations occur in regulatory genes that control the expression of native efflux pumps localized in the bacterial membrane(s). These pumps have broad substrate profiles that include other antimicrobials as well as quinolones. Mutations of both types can accumulate with selection pressure and produce highly resistant strains. Resistance genes acquired on plasmids confer low-level resistance that promotes the selection of mutational high-level resistance. Plasmid-encoded resistance is because of Qnr proteins that protect the target enzymes from quinolone action, a mutant aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme that also modifies certain quinolones, and mobile efflux pumps. Plasmids with these mechanisms often encode additional antimicrobial resistances and can transfer multidrug resistance that includes quinolones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - George A Jacoby
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts 01805
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Guillard T, Pons S, Roux D, Pier GB, Skurnik D. Antibiotic resistance and virulence: Understanding the link and its consequences for prophylaxis and therapy. Bioessays 2016; 38:682-93. [PMID: 27248008 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
"Antibiotic resistance is usually associated with a fitness cost" is frequently accepted as common knowledge in the field of infectious diseases. However, with the advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing that allows for a comprehensive analysis of bacterial pathogenesis at the genome scale, including antibiotic resistance genes, it appears that this paradigm might not be as solid as previously thought. Recent studies indicate that antibiotic resistance is able to enhance bacterial fitness in vivo with a concomitant increase in virulence during infections. As a consequence, strategies to minimize antibiotic resistance turn out to be not as simple as initially believed. Indeed, decreased antibiotic use may not be sufficient to let susceptible strains outcompete the resistant ones. Here, we put in perspective these findings and review alternative approaches, such as preventive and therapeutic anti-bacterial immunotherapies that have the potential to by-pass the classic antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guillard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière, Hôpital Robert Debré - CHU de Reims, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damien Roux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Colombes, France
| | - Gerald B Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Skurnik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yanat B, Machuca J, Díaz-De-Alba P, Mezhoud H, Touati A, Pascual Á, Rodríguez-Martínez JM. Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants in High-Level Quinolone-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from the Community: First Report of qnrD Gene in Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:90-97. [PMID: 27115732 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)-producing isolates in a collection of quinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae of community origin isolated in Bejaia, Algeria. METHODS A total of 141 nalidixic acid-resistant Enterobacteriaceae community isolates were collected in Bejaia (Northern Algeria) and screened for PMQR genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For PMQR-positive strains, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution and disk diffusion. Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the target genes, gyrA and parC, were detected with a PCR-based method and sequencing. Southern blotting, conjugation and transformation assays and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing were also performed. RESULTS The prevalence of PMQR-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates was 13.5% (19/141); 11 of these isolates produced Aac(6')-Ib-cr and 8 were qnr-positive (4 qnrB1-like, 2 qnrS1-like, and 2 qnrD1-like), including the association with aac(6')-Ib-cr gene in three cases. PMQR gene transfer by conjugation was successful in 6 of 19 isolates tested. PFGE revealed that most of the PMQR-positive Escherichia coli isolates were unrelated, except for two groups comprising two and four isolates, respectively, including the virulent multidrug-resistant clone E. coli ST131 that were clonally related. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that PMQR determinants are prevalent in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from the community studied. We describe the first report of the qnrD gene in Algeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betitera Yanat
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia , Bejaia, Algeria .,2 Department of Microbiology, University of Seville , Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús Machuca
- 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,3 Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain .,4 Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena , Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Díaz-De-Alba
- 4 Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena , Sevilla, Spain
| | - Halima Mezhoud
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia , Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia , Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Álvaro Pascual
- 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,3 Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain .,4 Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena , Sevilla, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Rodríguez-Martínez
- 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,3 Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Three mechanisms for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) have been discovered since 1998. Plasmid genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, and qnrVC code for proteins of the pentapeptide repeat family that protects DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from quinolone inhibition. The qnr genes appear to have been acquired from chromosomal genes in aquatic bacteria, are usually associated with mobilizing or transposable elements on plasmids, and are often incorporated into sul1-type integrons. The second plasmid-mediated mechanism involves acetylation of quinolones with an appropriate amino nitrogen target by a variant of the common aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ib. The third mechanism is enhanced efflux produced by plasmid genes for pumps QepAB and OqxAB. PMQR has been found in clinical and environmental isolates around the world and appears to be spreading. The plasmid-mediated mechanisms provide only low-level resistance that by itself does not exceed the clinical breakpoint for susceptibility but nonetheless facilitates selection of higher-level resistance and makes infection by pathogens containing PMQR harder to treat.
Collapse
|
28
|
Guillard T, Cholley P, Limelette A, Hocquet D, Matton L, Guyeux C, Lebreil AL, Bajolet O, Brasme L, Madoux J, Vernet-Garnier V, Barbe C, Bertrand X, de Champs On Behalf Of CarbaFrEst Group C. Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mechanisms and population structure of Enterobacter cloacae non-susceptible to Ertapenem in North-Eastern France. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1186. [PMID: 26557115 PMCID: PMC4616961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) agents are a potential resort to treat infection due to Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum β-lactamase and susceptible to FQ. In a context of increase of non-susceptibility to carbapenems among Enterobacteriaceae, we characterized FQ resistance mechanisms in 75 Enterobacter cloacae isolates non-susceptible to ertapenem in North-Eastern France in 2012 and describe the population structure by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Among them, 14.7% (12/75) carried a carbapenemase-encoding gene. Except one isolate producing VIM-1, the carbapenemase-producing isolates carried the well-known IncL/M pOXA48a plasmid. Most of the isolates (59/75) harbored at least a FQ-R determinant. qnr genes were predominant (40%, 30/75). The MLST study revealed that E. cloacae isolates’ clonality was wide [24 different sequence types (STs)]. The more widespread STs were ST74, ST101, ST110, ST114, and ST133. Carbapenem MICs were higher for E. cloacae ST74 than for other E. cloacae isolates. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants were more often observed in E. cloacae ST74 isolates. These findings showed that (i) pOXA-48a is spreading in North-Eastern France, (ii) qnr is preponderant in E. cloacae, (iii) E. cloacae comprised a large amount of lineages spreading in North-Eastern France, and (iv) FQ as an alternative to β-lactams to treat ertapenem non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae are compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guillard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Reims Reims, France ; Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé, UFR Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Pascal Cholley
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHRU Besançon Besançon, France ; UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Franche-Comté Besançon, France
| | - Anne Limelette
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Reims Reims, France ; Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé, UFR Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHRU Besançon Besançon, France ; UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Franche-Comté Besançon, France
| | - Lucie Matton
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Reims Reims, France ; Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé, UFR Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Christophe Guyeux
- UMR 6174 CNRS, Département d'Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, Université de Franche-Comté Belfort, France
| | - Anne-Laure Lebreil
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé, UFR Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Odile Bajolet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Reims Reims, France ; Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé, UFR Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Lucien Brasme
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Reims Reims, France ; Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé, UFR Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Janick Madoux
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Reims Reims, France
| | - Véronique Vernet-Garnier
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Reims Reims, France ; Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé, UFR Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Coralie Barbe
- Centre de Recherche et d'Investigation Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Reims Reims, France
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHRU Besançon Besançon, France ; UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Franche-Comté Besançon, France
| | - Christophe de Champs On Behalf Of CarbaFrEst Group
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Reims Reims, France ; Structure Fédérative de Recherche CAP-Santé, UFR Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Quinolone antimicrobials are synthetic and widely used in clinical medicine. Resistance emerged with clinical use and became common in some bacterial pathogens. Mechanisms of resistance include two categories of mutation and acquisition of resistance-conferring genes. Resistance mutations in one or both of the two drug target enzymes, DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV, are commonly in a localized domain of the GyrA and ParE subunits of the respective enzymes and reduce drug binding to the enzyme-DNA complex. Other resistance mutations occur in regulatory genes that control the expression of native efflux pumps localized in the bacterial membrane(s). These pumps have broad substrate profiles that include quinolones as well as other antimicrobials, disinfectants, and dyes. Mutations of both types can accumulate with selection pressure and produce highly resistant strains. Resistance genes acquired on plasmids can confer low-level resistance that promotes the selection of mutational high-level resistance. Plasmid-encoded resistance is due to Qnr proteins that protect the target enzymes from quinolone action, one mutant aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme that also modifies certain quinolones, and mobile efflux pumps. Plasmids with these mechanisms often encode additional antimicrobial resistances and can transfer multidrug resistance that includes quinolones. Thus, the bacterial quinolone resistance armamentarium is large.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George A Jacoby
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Flach CF, Johnning A, Nilsson I, Smalla K, Kristiansson E, Larsson DGJ. Isolation of novel IncA/C and IncN fluoroquinolone resistance plasmids from an antibiotic-polluted lake. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:2709-17. [PMID: 26124213 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibiotic-polluted environments may function as reservoirs for novel resistance plasmids not yet encountered in pathogens. The aims of this study were to assess the potential of resistance transfer between bacteria from such environments and Escherichia coli, and to characterize the conjugative elements involved. METHODS Sediment samples from Kazipally lake and Asanikunta tank, two Indian lakes with a history of severe pollution with fluoroquinolones, were investigated. Proportions of resistant bacteria were determined by selective cultivation, while horizontal gene transfer was studied using a GFP-tagged E. coli as recipient. Retrieved transconjugants were tested for susceptibility by Etest(®) and captured conjugative resistance elements were characterized by WGS. RESULTS The polluted lakes harboured considerably higher proportions of ciprofloxacin-resistant and sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria than did other Indian and Swedish lakes included for comparison (52% versus 2% and 60% versus 7%, respectively). Resistance plasmids were captured from Kazipally lake, but not from any of the other lakes; in the case of Asanikunta tank because of high sediment toxicity. Eight unique IncA/C and IncN resistance plasmids were identified among 11 sequenced transconjugants. Five plasmids were fully assembled, and four of these carried the quinolone resistance gene qnrVC1, which has previously only been found on chromosomes. Acquired resistance genes, in the majority of cases associated with class 1 integrons, could be linked to decreased susceptibility to several different classes of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that environments heavily polluted with antibiotics contain novel multiresistance plasmids transferrable to E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Johnning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida Nilsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Julius Kühn-Institut-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rajpara N, Kutar BMRNS, Sinha R, Nag D, Koley H, Ramamurthy T, Bhardwaj AK. Role of integrons, plasmids and SXT elements in multidrug resistance of Vibrio cholerae and Providencia vermicola obtained from a clinical isolate of diarrhea. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:57. [PMID: 25741322 PMCID: PMC4330914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolates of Vibrio cholerae and Providencia vermicola obtained from a diarrheal patient were investigated for genetic elements governing their drug resistance phenotypes. Out of 14 antibiotics tested, V. cholerae Vc IDH02365 isolate showed resistance to nine antibiotics, while P. vermicola Pv NBA2365 was found to be resistant to all the antibiotics except polymyxin B. Though SXT integrase was depicted in both the bacteria, class 1 integron was found to be associated only with Pv NBA2365. Integrons in Pv NBA2365 conferred resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim. Pv NBA2365 carried two transformable plasmids imparting distinct antibiotic resistance traits to their Escherichia coli transformants. In rabbit ileal loop assays, Pv NBA2365 did not show any fluid accumulation (FA) in contrast with Vc IDH02365 that showed high FA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a highly drug resistant P. vermicola and additionally co-existence of multidrug resistant V. cholerae and P. vermicola. Both the microbes appeared to possess a wide array of mobile genetic elements for a large spectrum of antimicrobial agents, some of which are being used in the treatment of acute diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rajpara
- Molecular Biology of Diseases, Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar India
| | - Braj M R N S Kutar
- Molecular Biology of Diseases, Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar India
| | - Ritam Sinha
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata India
| | - Dhrubajyoti Nag
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata India
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata India
| | | | - Ashima K Bhardwaj
- Molecular Biology of Diseases, Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
First description of OXA-48 carbapenemase harbored by Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae from a single patient in Portugal. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:7613-4. [PMID: 25246399 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02961-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
33
|
Harada K, Niina A, Shimizu T, Mukai Y, Kuwajima K, Miyamoto T, Kataoka Y. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from dogs. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1561-1567. [PMID: 25187600 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.081539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale monitoring of resistance to 14 antimicrobial agents was performed using 103 Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from dogs in Japan. Resistant strains were analysed to identify their resistance mechanisms. Rates of resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, gentamicin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime were 20.4, 15.5, 12.6, 10.7, 9.7, 8.7, 5.8, 2.9, 2.9, 1.9 and 1.9%, respectively. No resistance to ceftazidime, aztreonam or imipenem was found. Class 1 and 2 integrases were detected in 2.9 and 11.7% of isolates, respectively. Class 1 integrons contained aadB or aadB-catB-like-blaOXA10-aadA1, whereas those of class 2 contained sat-aadA1, dhfr1-sat-aadA1 or none of the anticipated resistance genes. Of five distinct plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance (PMQR) genes, only qnrD gene was detected in 1.9% of isolates. Quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC from 13 enrofloxacin-intermediate and -resistant isolates were sequenced. Seven strains had double mutations and three had single mutations. Three of nine ampicillin-resistant isolates harboured AmpC-type β-lactamases (i.e. blaCMY-2, blaCMY-4 and blaDHA-1). These results suggest that canine Proteus mirabilis deserves continued surveillance as an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants. This is the first report, to our knowledge, describing integrons, PMQRs and QRDR mutations in Proteus mirabilis isolates from companion animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Harada
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama-Cho, Tottori-Shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Ayaka Niina
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takae Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama-Cho, Tottori-Shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yujiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Ken Kuwajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miyamoto
- Miyamoto Animal Hospital, 2265-8, Kurokawa, Yamaguchi-Shi, Yamaguchi 753-0851, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kataoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gharout-Sait A, Alsharapy SA, Brasme L, Touati A, Kermas R, Bakour S, Guillard T, de Champs C. Enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene in Yemen. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1316-1323. [PMID: 25009193 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.073767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (eight Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and two Enterobacter cloacae) isolates from Yemen were investigated using in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phenotypic carbapenemase detection, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and replicon typing. Carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant genes were identified using PCR and sequencing. All of the 10 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to β-lactams, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. Imipenem, doripenem and meropenem MICs ranged from 2 to >32 mg l(-1) and ertapenem MICs ranged from 6 to >32 mg l(-1). All of the K. pneumoniae isolates showed ESBL activity in phenotypic tests. Genes encoding blaNDM were detected in all strains. All K. pneumoniae strains produced CTX-M-15 ESBL and SHV β-lactamases. TEM-1 β-lactamase was detected in seven isolates. Nine isolates were qnr positive including QnrB1, QnrA1 and QnrS1, and six isolates produced AAC-6'-Ib-cr. MLST identified five different sequence types (STs): ST1399, ST147, ST29, ST405 and ST340. Replicon typing showed the presence of IncFII1K plasmids in four transformants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Yemen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alima Gharout-Sait
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, FSNV, Université de Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | | | - Lucien Brasme
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Rachida Kermas
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Thomas Guillard
- EA4687 UFR Médecine SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Christophe de Champs
- EA4687 UFR Médecine SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|